Coherent spin control of s-, p-, d- and f-electrons in a silicon quantum dot

Abstract

Once the periodic properties of elements were unveiled, chemical bonds could be understood in terms of the valence of atoms. Ideally, this rationale would extend to quantum dots, often termed artificial atoms, and quantum computation could be performed by merely controlling the outer-shell electrons of dot-based qubits. Imperfections in the semiconductor material, including at the atomic scale, disrupt this analogy between atoms and quantum dots, so that real devices seldom display such a systematic many-electron arrangement. We demonstrate here an electrostatically-defined quantum dot that is robust to disorder, revealing a well defined shell structure. We observe four shells (31 electrons) with multiplicities given by spin and valley degrees of freedom. We explore various fillings consisting of a single valence electron -- namely 1, 5, 13 and 25 electrons -- as potential qubits, and we identify fillings that yield a total spin-1 on the dot. An integrated micromagnet allows us to perform electrically-driven spin resonance (EDSR). Higher shell states are shown to be more susceptible to the driving field, leading to faster Rabi rotations of the qubit. We investigate the impact of orbital excitations of the p- and d-shell electrons on single qubits as a function of the dot deformation. This allows us to tune the dot excitation spectrum and exploit it for faster qubit control. Furthermore, hotspots arising from this tunable energy level structure provide a pathway towards fast spin initialisation. The observation of spin-1 states may be exploited in the future to study symmetry-protected topological states in antiferromagnetic spin chains and their application to quantum computing.

References in corpus (40)

• Single-shot read-out of an individual electron spin in a quantum dot
• Driven coherent oscillations of a single electron spin in a quantum dot
• Silicon Quantum Electronics
• Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
• Coherent control of a single electron spin with electric fields
• An addressable quantum dot qubit with fault-tolerant control fidelity
• A single-atom electron spin qubit in silicon
• Robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes
• A programmable two-qubit quantum processor in silicon
• Interfacing spin qubits in quantum dots and donors - hot, dense and coherent
• Electrically driven single electron spin resonance in a slanting Zeeman field
• Electrical control of a long-lived spin qubit in a Si/SiGe quantum dot
• Excitation Spectra of Circular Few-Electron Quantum Dots
• Spin-valley lifetimes in a silicon quantum dot with tunable valley splitting
• Coherent single electron spin control in a slanting Zeeman field
• Electrical control of spin relaxation in a quantum dot
• A fault-tolerant addressable spin qubit in a natural silicon quantum dot
• Full configuration interaction approach to the few-electron problem in artificial atoms
• Measurement-based quantum computer in the gapped ground state of a two-body Hamiltonian
• Quantum computation on the edge of a symmetry-protected topological order
• Electrically driven electron spin resonance mediated by spin-valley-orbit coupling in a silicon quantum dot
• Electron spin resonance and spin-valley physics in a silicon double quantum dot
• Measurement of valley splitting in high-symmetry Si/SiGe quantum dots
• Theory of electric dipole spin resonance in quantum dots: Mean field theory with Gaussian fluctuations and beyond
• Spin-based quantum computation in multielectron quantum dots
• Single-spin qubits in isotopically enriched silicon at low magnetic field
• Single-Spin Relaxation in a Synthetic Spin-Orbit Field
• Quantum computational renormalization in the Haldane phase
• Coherence and Screening in Multi-Electron Spin Qubits
• Spin filling of valley-orbit states in a silicon quantum dot
• Screening of charged impurities with multi-electron singlet-triplet spin qubits in quantum dots
• Dynamically controlled charge sensing of a few-electron silicon quantum dot
• Orbital and valley state spectra of a few-electron silicon quantum dot
• Simultaneous Spin-Charge Relaxation in Double Quantum Dots
• The interplay between shell effects and electron correlations in quantum dots
• Negative spin exchange in a multielectron quantum dot
• Do micromagnets expose spin qubits to charge and Johnson noise?
• Impact of g-factors and valleys on spin qubits in a silicon double quantum dot
• Negative exchange interactions in coupled few-electron quantum dots
• Validity of the single-particle description and charge noise resilience for multielectron quantum dots

Cited by in corpus (51)

• Silicon quantum processor unit cell operation above one Kelvin
• Semiconductor Qubits In Practice
• Review of performance metrics of spin qubits in gated semiconducting nanostructures
• High-fidelity operation and algorithmic initialisation of spin qubits above one kelvin
• Spiderweb array: A sparse spin-qubit array
• Engineering interfacial quantum states and electronic landscapes by molecular nanoarchitectures
• On-demand electrical control of spin qubits
• Low charge noise quantum dots with industrial CMOS manufacturing
• 12-spin-qubit arrays fabricated on a 300 mm semiconductor manufacturing line
• Spin relaxation benchmarks and individual qubit addressability for holes in quantum dots
• Strong electron-electron interactions in Si/SiGe quantum dots
• Single-electron spin resonance in a nanoelectronic device using a global field
• A silicon singlet-triplet qubit driven by spin-valley coupling
• Coherent control and spectroscopy of a semiconductor quantum dot Wigner molecule
• Variability of electron and hole spin qubits due to interface roughness and charge traps
• Single-electron operation of a silicon-CMOS 2x2 quantum dot array with integrated charge sensing
• Exchange coupling in a linear chain of three quantum-dot spin qubits in silicon
• Coherent control of electron spin qubits in silicon using a global field
• Nonlinear response and crosstalk of electrically driven silicon spin qubits
• Shell Filling and Trigonal Warping in Graphene Quantum Dots
• Gate-Tunable Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Germanium Hole Double Quantum Dot
• Two-body Wigner molecularization in asymmetric quantum dot spin qubits
• Bell-state tomography in a silicon many-electron artificial molecule
• Bounds to electron spin qubit variability for scalable CMOS architectures
• Controlling Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in a Silicon Quantum Dot with Magnetic Field
• A Spin Quintet in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot: Spin Blockade and Relaxation
• Jellybean quantum dots in silicon for qubit coupling and on-chip quantum chemistry
• Flopping-mode spin qubit in a Si-MOS quantum dot
• Counting Statistics of Single Electron Transport in Bilayer Graphene Quantum Dots
• Anisotropy-Exchange Resonance as a Mechanism for Entangled State Switching
• Valleytronic full configuration-interaction approach: An application to the excitation spectra of Si double-dot qubits
• Non-reciprocal Pauli Spin Blockade in a Silicon Double Quantum Dot
• A two-dimensional 10-qubit array in germanium with robust and localised qubit control
• Violating Bell's inequality in gate-defined quantum dots
• Interaction between interface and massive states in multivalley topological heterostructures
• Impact of electrostatic crosstalk on spin qubits in dense CMOS quantum dot arrays
• Lifting of Spin Blockade by Charged Impurities in Si-MOS Double Quantum Dot Devices
• Charge-noise resilience of two-electron quantum dots in Si/SiGe heterostructures
• Gate reflectometry in dense quantum dot arrays
• Path integral simulation of exchange interactions in CMOS spin qubits
• Robust entangling gate for capacitively coupled few-electron singlet-triplet qubits
• Electronic control and switching of entangled spin state using anisotropy and exchange in the three-particle paradigm
• Preparation and Readout of Multielectron High-Spin States in a Gate-Defined GaAs/AlGaAs Quantum Dot
• Entangled Photon-Pair Emission in Waveguide Circuit QED from a Cooper Pair Splitter
• QDarts: A Quantum Dot Array Transition Simulator for finding charge transitions in the presence of finite tunnel couplings, non-constant charging energies and sensor dots
• Integration of Cobalt Ferromagnetic Control Gates for Electrical and Magnetic Manipulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots
• Ultra-Fast All-Electrical Universal Nano-Qubits
• An Optimized Nearest Neighbor Compliant Quantum Circuit for 5-qubit Code
• Proposed Five-Electron Charge Quadrupole Qubit
• Electronic Correlations in Multielectron Silicon Quantum Dots
• Coupling a ${}^{73}$Ge nuclear spin to an electrostatically defined quantum dot