Novel Collective Phenomena in High-Energy Proton-Proton and Proton-Nucleus Collisions

Abstract

The observation of long-range collective correlations for particles emitted in high-multiplicity pp and pPb collisions has opened up new opportunities of investigating novel high-density QCD phenomena in small colliding systems. We review experimental results related to the studies of collective phenomena in small systems from RHIC and the LHC over the past several years. Latest development in theoretical interpretations motivated by different frameworks are also reviewed, and confronted with the experimental data. Perspectives on possible future directions are discussed, with the aim of further exploring the rich emergent QCD phenomena.

77 pages, 43 figures, invited review in International Journal of Modern Physics E

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• Mapping the internal structure of hadrons through color and spin effects
• Bulk quantities in nuclear collisions from running coupling $k_T$-factorization and hybrid simulations
• Testing the collectivity in large and small colliding systems with test particles
• Collectivity in small systems - Initial state vs. final state effects
• Fine structures of azimuthal correlations of two gluons in the glasma
• Small systems and the single-hit approximation in the AMY parton cascade ALPACA
• Symmetric cumulant $s{c}_{2,4}\left\{4\right\}$ and asymmetric cumulant $a{c}_2\left\{3\right\}$ from transverse momentum conservation and flow
• Cumulant Expansion in Gluon Saturation, and Five and Six-Gluon Azimuthal Correlations
• QCD and High Energy Interactions: Moriond 2016 Theory Summary
• Number of constituent quark scaling of elliptic flows in high multiplicity p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Overview of recent azimuthal correlation measurements from ALICE
• Perturbative structure of two- and four-point functions of color charge in a non-Gaussian small-$x$ action
• Exploring hidden sectors with two-particle angular correlations at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders
• Recent Findings from Heavy-Flavor Angular Correlation Measurements in Hadronic Collisions
• Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions
• Multiplicity dependence of charm baryon and charm meson production in pPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 8.16 TeV
• Impact of soft QCD effects over intrajet azimuthal anisotropies
• Energy loss of heavy-flavor quarks in color string medium
• Nuclear physics at the energy frontier: recent heavy ion results from the perspective of the Electron Ion Collider
• Measurement of long-range particle correlations in small systems with the ATLAS detector
• Charge asymmetry dependence of anisotropic flow in pPb and PbPb collisions with CMS experiment
• Observation of Universal Expansion Anisotropy from Cold Atoms to Hot Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Proton shape fluctuations and its relation to DIS
• Event-shaped-dependent cumulants in p-Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV