The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Project

Abstract

A "pulsar timing array" (PTA), in which observations of a large sample of pulsars spread across the celestial sphere are combined, allows investigation of "global" phenomena such as a background of gravitational waves or instabilities in atomic timescales that produce correlated timing residuals in the pulsars of the array. The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) is an implementation of the PTA concept based on observations with the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. A sample of 20 millisecond pulsars is being observed at three radio-frequency bands, 50cm (~700 MHz), 20cm (~1400 MHz) and 10cm (~3100 MHz), with observations at intervals of 2 - 3 weeks. Regular observations commenced in early 2005. This paper describes the systems used for the PPTA observations and data processing, including calibration and timing analysis. The strategy behind the choice of pulsars, observing parameters and analysis methods is discussed. Results are presented for PPTA data in the three bands taken between 2005 March and 2011 March. For ten of the 20 pulsars, rms timing residuals are less than 1 microsec for the best band after fitting for pulse frequency and its first time derivative. Significant "red" timing noise is detected in about half of the sample. We discuss the implications of these results on future projects including the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA) and a PTA based on the Square Kilometre Array. We also present an "extended PPTA" data set that combines PPTA data with earlier Parkes timing data for these pulsars.

36 pages, 13 figures, accepted by Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA)

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• Gravitational Wave Signatures of Gauged Baryon and Lepton Number
• The Chinese Pulsar Timing Array data release I. Single pulsar noise analysis
• Reducing instrumental errors in Parkes Pulsar Timing Array data
• Timing of millisecond pulsars in NGC\,6752 -- III. On the presence of non-luminous matter in the cluster's core
• Choosing suitable noise models for nanohertz gravitational-wave astrophysics
• Where Have All the Little Red Dots Gone? Supermassive Black Hole Binary Dynamics and its Impact on Galaxy Properties
• Toward Astrometric Constraints on a Supermassive Black Hole Binary in the Early-Type Galaxy NGC\,4472
• Two radio-emission mechanisms in PSR J0901-4624
• Correcting for the solar wind in pulsar timing observations: the role of simultaneous a nd l ow-frequency observations
• Follow-up Timing of Three GMRT Pulsars
• Probing intermediate scale Froggatt-Nielsen models at future gravitational wave observatories
• Exploring pulsar timing precision: A comparative study of polarization calibration methods for NANOGrav data from the Green Bank Telescope
• Gravitational-wave searches in the era of Advanced LIGO and Virgo
• Improving pulsar-timing solutions through dynamic pulse fitting
• PT2GWFinder: A Package for Cosmological First-Order Phase Transitions and Gravitational Waves
• Searching for Anisotropy in the Gravitational Wave Background Using the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array
• Improving pulsar timing precision through superior Time-of-Arrival creation
• Precision Timing of PSR J0437-4715 with the IAR Observatory and Implications for Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Source Sensitivity
• Constraints on ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves with statistics of pulsar spin-down rates II: Mann-Whitney U test
• Effects of Coronal Mass Ejection on PSR J1022+1001 and Possible Mode Change of PSR J2145-0750 in the InPTA DR2
• Measuring $H_0$ with pulsar timing arrays
• Resolving Individual Signals in the Presence of Stochastic Background in Future Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Rapid Construction of Joint Pulsar Timing Array Datasets: The Lite Method
• Robust parameter estimation from pulsar timing data
• Probing the mass relation between supermassive black holes and dark matter halos at high redshifts by gravitational wave experiments
• Prospects for gravitational wave astronomy with next generation large-scale pulsar timing arrays
• History of Astronomy in Australia: Big-Impact Astronomy from World War II until the Lunar Landing (1945-1969)
• Gravitational wave induced baryon acoustic oscillations
• Constraints on ultra-low-frequency gravitational waves from an eccentric supermassive black hole binary
• Study of pulsar flux density and its variability with Parkes data archive
• Imprints of relic gravitational waves on pulsar timing
• Shedding Light on Dark Sectors with Gravitational Waves
• Probing the emission states of PSR J1107-5907
• Efficient prescription to search for linear gravitational wave memory from hyperbolic black hole encounters and its application to the NANOGrav 12.5-year dataset
• The Planetary Ephemeris Program: Capability, Comparison, and Open Source Availability
• The Indian Pulsar Timing Array Data Release 2: II. Customised Single-Pulsar Noise Analysis and Noise Budget
• Improving DM estimates using low-frequency scattering-broadening estimates
• Searching for continuous gravitational waves in the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array Data Release 3
• Probing Dark Matter Clumps, Strings and Domain Walls with Gravitational Wave Detectors
• The impact of outliers on pulsar timing arrays
• The polarimetric response of the Nançay Radio Telescope and its impact on precision pulsar timing
• Modeling the Beam of Gravitational Radiation from a Cosmic String Loop
• Statistical Analyses for NANOGrav 5-year Timing Residuals
• The Jodrell Bank Glitch Catalogue: 106 new rotational glitches in 70 pulsars
• Multi-wavelength properties of $z\gtrsim 6$ LISA detectable events
• Comprehensive analysis of dissipative effects in the induced gravitational waves
• Upper limits on microhertz gravitational waves from supermassive black-hole binaries using PSR J1909-3744 data from the second IPTA data release
• Quantum Physics in Space
• Ultra-wide Bandwidth Observations of 19 pulsars with Parkes telescope
• A Parallelized Bayesian Approach To Accelerated Gravitational-Wave Background Characterization
• Long-term timing of the relativistic binary PSR J1906+0746
• A study of 10 Rotating Radio Transients using Parkes radio telescope
• Cosmology of the companion-axion model: dark matter, gravitational waves, and primordial black holes
• Fast and Fewrious: Stochastic binary perturbations from fast compact objects
• 50-250 MHz Pulsar Census with an SKA-Low prototype station: Spectra and Polarization
• Timing results of 22 years for PSR J0922+0638
• Long-term rotational and emission variability of 17 radio pulsars
• Probing High Scale Dirac Leptogenesis via Gravitational Waves from Domain Walls
• Pulsar timing residuals due to individual non-evolving gravitational wave sources
• Cosmic Overture Echoed in a Stellar Final Act: Implications of Nanohertz Gravitational Waves for Core Collapse Supernova Neutrinos
• Independent discovery of a nulling pulsar with unusual sub-pulse drifting properties with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Gravitational lensing of pulsars as a probe of dark matter halos
• Graph-based Summary Statistics for Revealing the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background in Pulsar Timing Arrays