Detection of frequency-dependent dispersion measure toward the millisecond pulsar PSR J2241-5236 from contemporaneous wide-band observations

Abstract

Making precise measurements of pulsar dispersion measures (DMs) and applying suitable corrections for them is amongst the major challenges in high-precision timing programmes such as pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). While the advent of wide-band pulsar instrumentation can enable more precise DM measurements and thence improved timing precision, it also necessitates doing careful assessments of frequency-dependent (chromatic) DMs that was theorised by Cordes et al. (2016). Here we report the detection of such an effect in broadband observations of the millisecond pulsar PSR J2241-5236, a high-priority target for current and future PTAs. The observations were made contemporaneously using the wide-band receivers and capabilities now available at the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA), the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) and the Parkes telescopes, thus providing an unprecedentedly large frequency coverage from 80 MHz to 4 GHz. Our analysis shows the measurable changes in DM that scale with the observing frequency ($\nu$) as $\delta \mathrm{DM}\sim {\nu }^{2.5\pm 0.1}$. We discuss the potential implications of such a frequency dependence in the measured DMs, and the likely impact on the timing noise budget, and comment on the usefulness of low-frequency observations in advancing PTA efforts.

14 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in The ApJ Letters

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• The Indian Pulsar Timing Array: First data release
• The Southern-sky MWA Rapid Two-metre (SMART) pulsar survey -- I. Survey design and processing pipeline
• Wideband timing of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array UWL data
• A Multifrequency Census of 100 Pulsars below 100 MHz with LWA: A Systematic Study of Flux Density, Spectra, Timing, Dispersion, Polarization, and Its Variation from a Decade of Observations
• Plasma lens with frequency-dependent dispersion measure effects on fast radio bursts