Gravitational-wave constraints on the neutron-star-matter Equation of State

Abstract

The LIGO/Virgo detection of gravitational waves originating from a neutron-star merger, GW170817, has recently provided new stringent limits on the tidal deformabilities of the stars involved in the collision. Combining this measurement with the existence of two-solar-mass stars, we generate a generic family of neutron-star-matter Equations of State (EoSs) that interpolate between state-of-the-art theoretical results at low and high baryon density. Comparing the results to ones obtained without the tidal-deformability constraint, we witness a dramatic reduction in the family of allowed EoSs. Based on our analysis, we conclude that the maximal radius of a 1.4-solar-mass neutron star is 13.6 km, and that smallest allowed tidal deformability of a similar-mass star is $\Lambda (1.4M_{\odot })=120$.

6 pages, 4 figures; v2: results and discussion updated, version accepted to PRL

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• Tidal heating as a direct probe of strangeness inside neutron stars
• Constraining the equation of state of hybrid stars using recent information from multidisciplinary physics
• Gravitational-wave Emission from a Primordial Black Hole Inspiraling inside a Compact Star: a Novel Probe for Dense Matter Equation of State
• The I-Love-Q Relations for Superfluid Neutron Stars
• Searching for exotic cores with binary neutron star inspirals
• Simulating Binary Neutron Stars with Hybrid Equation of States: Gravitational Waves, Electromagnetic Signatures, and Challenges for Numerical Relativity
• Evidence for the photoionization absorption edge in a photospheric radius expansion X-ray burst from GRS 1747$-$312 in Terzan 6
• The fate of twin stars on the unstable branch: implications for the formation of twin stars
• Mixed phase transition from hypernuclear matter to deconfined quark matter fulfilling mass-radius constraints of neutron stars
• Pulsar glitches in a strangeon star model. II. The activity
• Probing phase transition in neutron stars via the crust-core interfacial mode
• Numerical modelling of bulk viscosity in neutron stars
• Curvature of the energy per particle in neutron stars
• Non-strange quark stars within resummed QCD
• Neutron Stars in Scalar-Tensor Theories: Analytic Scalar Charges and Universal Relations
• Relativistic approach for the determination of nuclear and neutron star properties in consideration of PREX-II results
• Fundamental physics using the temporal gravitational wave background
• Rapid pre-merger localization of binary neutron stars in third generation gravitational wave detectors
• Exploring universal characteristics of neutron star matter with relativistic \textit{ab initio} equations of state
• Magnetar QPOs and neutron star crust elasticity
• Influence of the treatment of initialization and mean-field potential on the neutron to proton yield ratios
• Core States of Neutron Stars from Anatomizing their Scaled Structure Equations
• Nuclei in Core-Collapse Supernovae Engine
• Implications of the fermion vacuum term in the extended SU(3) Quark Meson model on compact stars properties
• Stiff equation of state for a holographic nuclear matter as instanton gas
• Tidal deformability and gravitational-wave phase evolution of magnetised compact-star binaries
• Studies of the equation-of-state of nuclear matter by heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energy in the multi-messenger era
• Investigating the I-Love-Q and w-mode Universal Relations Using Piecewise Polytropes
• Exploring the ${\Sigma }^{+}p$ interaction by measurements of the correlation function
• Renormalization group improved pressure for cold and dense QCD
• Bulk Strong Matter: the Trinity
• A Detailed Analysis of the Special Points on $M-R$ Solutions of Hybrid (Twin) Stars
• Fundamental oscillation modes of scalar bosonic dark stars
• Impacts of symmetry energy slope on the oscillation frequencies of neutron stars with short-range correlation and admixed dark matter
• Maximally local two-nucleon interactions at N${}^3$LO in $\Delta$-less chiral effective field theory
• Constraining dense matter physics using f-mode oscillations in neutron stars
• The Masses of Isolated Neutron Stars Inferred from the Gravitational Redshift Measurements
• Bayesian inference of the dense matter equation of state built upon extended Skyrme interactions
• Rotating Love: The dynamical tides of spinning Newtonian stars
• The heavier the better: how to constrain mass ratios and spins of high-mass neutron-star mergers
• Constraining nuclear matter parameters from correlation systematics:a mean-field perspective
• A Bayesian study of quark models in view of recent astrophysical constraints
• Dynamic Scheduling: Target of Opportunity Observations of Gravitational Wave Events
• Increasing the Accuracy of Binary Neutron Star Simulations with an improved Vacuum Treatment
• Merging strangeon stars II: the ejecta and light curves
• The Influence of Muons, Pions, and Trapped Neutrinos on Neutron Star Mergers
• Strange magnetars admixed with fermionic dark matter
• Hubble constant and nuclear equation of state from kilonova spectro-photometric light curves
• Holographic cold dense matter constrained by neutron stars
• Analyzing the speed of sound in neutron star with machine learning
• Quasi-normal Modes of Static Spherically Symmetric Black Holes in $f(R)$ Theory
• Studying VLOCV twin compact stars with binary mergers
• Universal behavior of compact star based upon gravitational binding energy
• Constraint on the radius of five-dimensional dS spacetime with GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• Quarkyonic matter state of neutron stars
• $R^2$-gravity quark stars from perturbative QCD
• Hybrid Stars Built with Density Dependent Models
• Constraining neutron star matter from the slope of the mass-radius curves
• Analytical expressions for pulse profile of neutron stars in plasma environments
• Holographic QCD and magnetic fields
• Radial oscillations in neutron stars from QCD
• Charged neutron stars and observational tests of a dark force weaker than gravity
• Novel Scalings of Neutron Star Properties from Analyzing Dimensionless Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff Equations
• Evolution of bare quark stars in full general relativity: Single star case
• Constructing Love-Q-Relations with Gravitational Wave Detections
• The Equation of State of Neutron-Rich Matter at Fourth Order of Chiral Effective Field Theory and the Radius of a Medium-Mass Neutron Star
• Spin-polarized neutron matter, the maximum mass of neutron stars, and GW170817
• Accretion-induced collapse to third family compact stars as trigger for eccentric orbits of millisecond pulsars in binaries
• Neutron matter from local chiral effective field theory interactions at large cutoffs
• Shear and interface modes in neutron stars with pasta structures
• Tidal Deformability of Strange Quark Planets and Strange Dwarfs
• Rotational-tidal phasing of the binary neutron star waveform
• Five-dimensional compact stars in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity
• The orbital-decay test of general relativity to the 2% level with 6-year VLBA astrometry of the double neutron star PSR J1537+1155
• A mixing interpolation method to mimic pasta phases in compact star matter
• Empirical neutron star mass formula based on experimental observables
• Neutron stars and stellar mergers as a laboratory for dense QCD matter
• Role of the symmetry energy slope in neutron stars: exploring the model-dependency
• A Deeply Bound Dibaryon is Incompatible with Neutron Stars and Supernovae
• Emergence of new oscillation modes in dark matter admixed neutron stars
• Degenerate fermionic matter at N${}^3$LO: Quantum Electrodynamics
• Nonparametric Representation of Neutron Star Equation of State Using Variational Autoencoder
• Relativistic correction to the r-mode frequency in light of multi-messenger constraints
• Shear oscillations in neutron stars and the nuclear symmetry energy
• Effects of Onset of Phase Transition on Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Impact of nuclear matter properties on the nucleosynthesis and the kilonova from binary neutron star merger ejecta
• Differentially rotating scalarized neutron stars with realistic post-merger profile
• Hard-core Radius of Nucleons within the Induced Surface Tension Approach
• Web application for galaxy-targeted follow-up of electromagnetic counterparts to gravitational wave sources
• Estimating the EOS from the measurement of NS radii with 5% accuracy
• Cold and dense perturbative QCD in a very strong magnetic background
• Scale symmetry and composition of compact star matter
• The study of nonstrange quark stars within a modified NJL model
• Holographic dense QCD in the Veneziano limit
• Properties of quark-matter cores in massive hybrid stars
• Universality in quasinormal modes of neutron stars with quark-hadron crossover
• Hybrid star within the framework of a lowest-order constraint variational method
• Average speed of sound in neutron stars
• On the Role of Muons in Binary Neutron Star Mergers: First Simulations
• Decoding Long-duration Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Stars with Machine Learning: Parameter Estimation and Equations of State
• Bayesian analysis of hybrid neutron star EOS constraints within an instantaneous nonlocal chiral quark matter model
• Comprehensive Analysis of Constructing Hybrid Stars with an RG-consistent NJL Model
• Consequences of Fine-Tuning for Fifth Force Searches
• Case for quarkyoniclike matter from a constituent quark model
• Bayesian inferences on covariant density functionals from multimessenger astrophysical data: Nucleonic models
• The rate of iPTF 14gqr like ultra-stripped supernovae and binary evolution leading to double neutron star formation
• Cost of inferred nuclear parameters towards the f-mode dynamical tide in binary neutron stars
• Neutron Stars and Gravitational Waves: the Key Role of Nuclear Equation of State
• Prospects of constraining the dense matter equation of state from the timing analysis of pulsars in double neutron star binaries: the cases of PSR J0737-3039A and PSR J1757-1854
• Neutron star matter equation of state including $d^{\ast }$-hexaquark degrees of freedom
• Asymptotically conformal CFL quark matter within a nonlocal chiral quark model
• Hidden symmetry between rotational tidal Love numbers of spinning neutron stars
• Spin-down induced quark-hadron phase transition in cold isolated neutron stars
• Neutron Skins: Weak Elastic Scattering and Neutron Stars
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• High-accuracy high-mass ratio simulations for binary neutron stars and their comparison to existing waveform models
• When cold, dense quarks in 1+1 and 3+1 dimensions are not a Fermi liquid
• On the energy budget of the transition of a neutron star into the third family branch
• An in-medium chiral power counting for nuclear matter and some applications
• High $p_t$ squeezed-out n/p ratio as a probe of $K_{\mathrm{sym}}$ of the symmetry energy
• The radius of a typical-mass neutron star and chiral effective field theory
• The Critical Role of LIGO-India in the Era of Next-Generation Observatories
• Structure and tidal deformability of a hybrid star within the framework of the field correlator method
• Effect of the crust on neutron star empirical relations
• Constraining the properties of dense matter and neutron stars by combining nuclear physics and gravitational waves from GW170817
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters on oscillation modes in hot Neutron Stars
• Deeper, Wider, Sharper: Next-Generation Ground-Based Gravitational-Wave Observations of Binary Black Holes
• A closer look at the Yukawa's interaction from a symmetry group perspective
• What if the neutron star maximum mass is beyond $\sim 2.3M_{\odot }$?
• Neutron star mass formula with nuclear saturation parameters
• The key factor to determine the relation between radius and tidal deformability of neutron stars: slope of symmetry energy
• Locating the special point of hybrid neutron stars
• Strong Gravity Extruding Peaks in Speed of Sound Profiles of Massive Neutron Stars
• Hadron-quark phase transition in neutron star by combining the relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory and Dyson-Schwinger equation approach
• Confining density functional approach for color superconducting quark matter and mesonic correlations
• Nuclear-Physics Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Constraints on the Neutron-Star Equation of State: Adding NICER's PSR J0740+6620 Measurement
• Multimessenger signal from phase transition of neutron star to quark star
• From QCD Symmetries to Nuclei and Neutron Stars
• Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter and the tidal deformability of neutron star
• QCD phase transition and equation of state of stellar strong interaction matter via Dyson-Schwinger equation approach
• Equation of state in neutron stars and supernovae
• Universal relation involving fundamental modes in two-fluid dark matter admixed neutron stars
• Effects of finite sizes of atomic nuclei on shear modulus and torsional oscillations in neutron stars
• Improved Analytic Love-C Relations for Neutron Stars
• Radius and equation of state constraints from massive neutron stars and GW190814
• Maximal Mass Neutron Star as a Key to Superdense Matter Physics
• Measuring spin in coalescing binaries of neutron stars showing double precursors
• Effect of Scalar Boson on Fermionic Dark Star
• Optimized Statistical Approach for Comparing Multi-Messenger Neutron Star Data
• Dense Baryonic Matter and Strangeness in Neutron Stars
• Detecting Hyperons in neutron stars -- a machine learning approach
• Quark matter symmetry energy effect on equation of state for neutron stars
• Bayesian inference of neutron star crust properties using an ab initio-benchmarked meta-model
• Unraveling Trace Anomaly of Supradense Matter via Neutron Star Compactness Scaling
• Nonradial oscillations of stratified neutron stars with solid crusts: Mode characterization and tidal resonances in coalescing binaries
• Rotating Neutron Stars with the Relativistic Ab Initio Calculations
• Investigating magnetically-induced distortions of neutron stars through gamma-ray burst X-ray plateaus
• Finite size effects on the light curves of slowly-rotating neutron stars
• Conformality and percolation threshold in neutron stars
• Neutron stars and the cosmological constant problem
• Fundamental-mode eigenfrequencies of neutral and charged twin neutron stars
• Observability of dynamical tides in merging eccentric neutron star binaries
• Direct nonparametric multimessenger constraints on the equation of state of cold dense nuclear matter
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters in Neutron Star oscillations: a model comparison
• Tidal dissipation in binary neutron star inspirals from hyperon bulk viscosity: Phase modeling and parameter estimation bias
• Model-Independent Determination of the Tidal Deformability of a 1.4 $M_{\odot }$ Neutron Star from Gravitational-Wave Measurements
• Equation of State Independent Determination on the Radius of a 1.4 $M_{\odot }$ Neutron Star Using Mass-Radius Measurements
• Phase transition and stiffer core fluid in neutron stars: Effects on stellar configurations, dynamical stability, and tidal deformability
• Maximum mass of hybrid star formed via shock induced phase transition in cold neutron stars
• CLAP for modified gravity: scalar instabilities in binary black hole spacetimes
• Subtleties in constraining gravity theories with mass-radius data
• Love-C relations for elastic hybrid stars
• On the impact of non-local gravity on compact stars
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Study of hybrid stars with nonstrange quark matter cores
• Semi Universal relation to understand matter properties at neutron star interiors
• Confronting recent light compact star observations with color-flavor locked quark matter
• Applicability of Relativistic Point-Coupling Models to Neutron Star Physics
• Equation of states in the curved spacetime of slowly rotating degenerate stars
• Neutron stars in general relativity and scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Effects of multidimensional treatment of gravity in simulations on supernova gravitational waves
• Dense matter equation of state and neutron star properties from nuclear theory and experiment
• Constraining neutron star properties through parity-violating electron scattering experiments and relativistic point coupling interactions
• New modeling for hybrid stars with an elastic quark core
• Comparing strange and non-strange quark stars within resummed QCD at NLO
• Role of the Symmetry Energy on the Structure of Neutron Stars with Unified Equations of State
• Quark deconfinement in compact stars through sexaquark condensation
• Data-driven approach for modeling the temporal and spectral evolution of kilonova systematic uncertainties
• Gravitation with modified fluid Lagrangian: Variational principle and an early dark energy model
• Suitable resolution for EOS tables in neutron star investigation
• Gravitational wave asteroseismology of accreting neutron stars in a steady state
• Constraining the Hadron-Quark Phase Transition Chemical Potential via Astronomical Observation
• Stellar Initial Mass Function (IMF) Probed with Supernova Rates and Neutrino Background: Cosmic Average IMF Slope is $\simeq 2-3$ Similar to the Salpeter IMF
• Properties of the Object HESS J1731-347 as a Twin Compact Star
• Novel features of asymmetric nuclear matter from terrestrial experiments and astrophysical observations of neutron stars
• A holographic study on QCD phase transition and neutron star properties
• Level inversion in kaonic nuclei and the high-density nuclear equation of state
• Bayesian analysis of multimessenger M-R data with interpolated hybrid EoS
• Direct Inference of Nuclear Equation-of-State Parameters from Gravitational-Wave Observations
• $f$-mode oscillations in hot Neutron Stars: Effect of hyperons and neutrino trapping
• Impact of the relativistic Cowling approximation on shear and interface modes of neutron stars
• Probing Fundamental Physics with Gravitational Waves
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Improved Treatment of Bosonic Dark Matter Dynamics in Neutron Stars: Consequences and Constraints
• Strange Matter
• A metric on the space of neutron star models in general relativity and modified gravity
• Thermodynamics of strongly magnetized dense quark matter from hard dense loop perturbation theory
• Probing the equation of state of neutron stars with captured primordial black holes
• Dipole Polarizability of Finite Nuclei as a Probe of Neutron Stars
• Bayesian inference favors quark matter in neutron star interiors
• Astrophysical constraints on the cold equation of state of the strongly interacting matter
• Universal relations between the quasinormal modes of neutron stars and magnetic tidal deformability
• The mixed phase quark core in massive hybrid stars
• Imprints of high-density nuclear symmetry energy on the crustal fraction of neutron star moment of inertia
• Gravitational wave signatures of phase transition from hadronic to quark matter in isolated neutron stars and binaries
• Neutron Star Mergers and the Quark Matter Equation of State
• General relativistic calculation of magnetic field and Power loss for a misaligned pulsar
• Modification of the universal relation between mass, radius and nonradial $f$-mode oscillation in proto-neutron stars
• Binary neutron star mergers within kaon condensation: GW170817
• Analytic insights on the information content of new observables
• Projecting the likely importance of weak-interaction-driven bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers
• Detectability of Population III stellar remnants as X-ray binaries from tidal captures in the local Universe
• An Online Framework for Fitting Fast Transient Lightcurves
• Correlation between the curvature and some properties of the neutron star
• Early deconfinement of asymptotically conformal color-superconducting quark matter in neutron stars
• Note on neutron star equation of state in the light of GW170817
• Fully general-relativistic simulations of isolated and binary strange quark stars
• Estimation of neutron star mass and radius of FRB 20240114A by identification of crustal oscillations
• Tidal deformations of compact objects and gravitational wave emission
• Identifying the QCD Phase Transitions via the Gravitational Wave Frequency from Supernova Explosion
• ASAS-SN search for optical counterparts of gravitational-wave events from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO/Virgo
• Limitations in constraining neutron star radii and nuclear properties from inspiral gravitational wave detections
• The role of equation of state on the spin-up of millisecond pulsars
• Quark flavors in hot and dense holographic QCD: setup and comparison to data
• The effect of multiple extra dimensions on the maximal mass of compact stars in Kaluza-Klein space-time
• Fine structure of giant resonances: What can be learned
• Challenging theories of gravitation: dark matter, compact objects and gravitational waves
• Interacting quark matter effects on the structure of compact stars
• Effects of a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock-corrected effective mass on speed of sound, conformality, and observables of dark matter-admixed neutron stars
• Is The Trace Anomaly at its Minimum Value at Neutron Star Centers?
• Constraints from the GW170817 merger event on the nuclear matter equation of state
• Towards asteroseismology of neutron stars with physics-informed neural networks
• Constraining the Equation of State of Neutron Stars through GRB X-Ray Plateaus
• Instability of holographic cold compact stars with a color superconducting core
• Mergers of binary neutron star systems: a multi-messenger revolution
• Effects of the symmetry energy slope on magnetized neutron stars
• Tidal Deformability of Quark Stars with Repulsive Interactions
• Non-perturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theories from Holography
• Implications of nuclear interaction for nuclear structure and astrophysics within the relativistic mean-field model
• Gravitational waves from deformed neutron stars: mountains and tides
• The nuclear matter density functional under the nucleonic hypothesis
• Realistic Equations of State Informing Neutron Star Post-Merger Gravitational-Wave Frequencies
• Density functional approach to quark matter with confinement and color superconductivity
• A new class of hybrid EoS with multiple critical endpoints for simulations of supernovae, neutron stars and their mergers
• Towards a novel energy density functional for beyond-mean-field calculations with pairing and deformation
• What We Have Learned from NICER About Neutron Star Radii
• Impact and detectability of spin-tidal couplings in neutron star inspirals
• Holography in Quark-Gluon Plasma and Neutron Stars
• Improving the cold quark-matter pressure via soft interactions at N3LO
• Lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density
• Constraining Hamiltonians from chiral effective field theory with neutron-star data
• Incorporating a radiative hydrodynamics scheme in the numerical-relativity code BAM
• Massive Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs as Noncommutative Fuzzy Spheres
• Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State from GW170817
• Investigating the mass-ratio dependence of the prompt-collapse threshold with numerical-relativity simulations
• Combining simulation-based inference and universal relations for precise and accurate neutron star science
• In-medium pion dispersion relation and medium correction of $N\pi \leftrightarrow \Delta$ near the threshold energy of pion production
• Impact of Higher-order Tidal Corrections on the Measurement Accuracy of Neutron Star Tidal Deformability
• Metric Variation of the Energy-Momentum Tensor of a Perfect Fluid and Its Applications to Cosmology and Neutron Stars
• Universality of dual mass-scaled fundamental modes in two-fluid neutron stars with mirror dark matter
• The $g$-mode frequencies in cold neutron stars and nuclear saturation parameters
• Early Warning From Eccentric Compact Binaries: Template Initialization And Sub-dominant Mode Effects
• Unified nonparametric equation-of-state inference from the neutron-star crust to perturbative-QCD densities
• Properties of H particle-admixed compact star
• Examining the possibility of a thick crust in the compact stellar object HESS J1731-347
• Isentropic thermodynamics across the hadron-quark mixed phase in a two-phase model with a PNJL quark description