Equation of state of dense matter in the multimessenger era

Abstract

While the equation of state (EOS) of symmetric nuclear matter (SNM) at suprasaturation densities has been relatively well constrained from heavy-ion collisions, the EOS of high-density neutron-rich matter is still largely uncertain due to the poorly known high-density behavior of the symmetry energy. Using the constraints on the EOS of SNM at suprasaturation densities from heavy-ion collisions together with the data of finite nuclei and the existence of $2M_{\odot }$ neutron stars from electromagnetic (EM) observations, we show that the high-density symmetry energy cannot be too soft, which leads to lower bounds on dimensionless tidal deformability of ${\Lambda }_{1.4}\ge 193$ and radius of $R_{1.4}\ge 11.1$ km for $1.4M_{\odot }$ neutron star. Furthermore, we find that the recent constraint of ${\Lambda }_{1.4}\le 580$ from the gravitational wave signal GW170817 detected from the binary neutron star merger by the LIGO and Virgo Collaborations rules out too stiff high-density symmetry energy, leading to an upper limit of $R_{1.4}\le 13.3$ km. All these terrestrial nuclear experiments and astrophysical observations based on strong, EM and gravitational measurements together put stringent constraints on the high-density symmetry energy and the EOS of SNM, pure neutron matter and neutron star matter.

6 pages, 4 figures. Discussions added. Accepted version to appear in PRD as a Rapid Communication

References in corpus (15)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors
• Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars From Multi-Messenger Observations of GW170817
• GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
• Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
• Astrophysical Measurement of the Equation of State of Neutron Star Matter
• Post-1-Newtonian tidal effects in the gravitational waveform from binary inspirals
• Results of the ASY-EOS experiment at GSI: The symmetry energy at suprasaturation density
• Symmetry energy from elliptic flow in 197Au + 197Au
• Interdependence of different symmetry energy elements
• Constraining the density slope of nuclear symmetry energy at subsaturation densities using electric dipole polarizability in ${}^{208}$Pb
• Symmetry energy systematics and its high density behavior

Cited by in corpus (17)

• Progress in Constraining Nuclear Symmetry Energy Using Neutron Star Observables Since GW170817
• Towards Understanding Astrophysical Effects of Nuclear Symmetry Energy
• Bayesian Inference of the Symmetry Energy of Super-Dense Neutron-Rich Matter from Future Radius Measurements of Massive Neutron Stars
• Constraints on the Symmetry Energy from PREX-II in the Multimessenger Era
• Role of the symmetry energy and the neutron-matter stiffness on the tidal deformability of a neutron star with unified equations of state
• Probing neutron-star matter in the lab: similarities and differences between binary mergers and heavy-ion collisions
• Probing nuclear structure with mean transverse momentum in relativistic isobar collisions
• Central Speed of Sound, Trace Anomaly and Observables of Neutron Stars from Perturbative Analyses of Scaled TOV Equations
• Implications of the fermion vacuum term in the extended SU(3) Quark Meson model on compact stars properties
• Novel Scalings of Neutron Star Properties from Analyzing Dimensionless Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff Equations
• Auxiliary Function Approach for Determining Symmetry Energy at Supra-saturation Densities
• Nonparametric extensions of nuclear equations of state: probing the breakdown scale of relativistic mean-field theory
• Constraining neutron star properties through parity-violating electron scattering experiments and relativistic point coupling interactions
• Necessity of selfconsistent calculations for the electromagnetic field in probing the nuclear symmetry energy using pion observables in heavy-ion collisions
• Probing neutron skin and symmetry energy with relativistic isobar collisions
• Is The Trace Anomaly at its Minimum Value at Neutron Star Centers?
• Effects of isoscalar- and isovector-scalar meson mixing on neutron star structure