Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars

Abstract

In part one of this paper, we use a non-local extension of the 3-flavor Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, which takes into account flavor-mixing, momentum dependent quark masses, and vector interactions among quarks, to investigate the possible existence of a spinodal region (determined by the vanishing of the speed of sound) in the QCD phase diagram and determine the temperature and chemical potential of the critical end point. In part two of the paper, we investigate the quark-hadron composition of baryonic matter at zero as well as non-zero temperature. This is of great topical interest for the analysis and interpretation of neutron star merger events such as GW170817. With this in mind, we determine the composition of proto-neutron star matter for entropies and lepton fractions that are typical of such matter. These compositions are used to delineate the evolution of proto-neutron stars to neutron stars in the baryon-mass versus gravitational-mass diagram. The hot stellar models turn out to contain significant fractions of hyperons and $\Delta$-isobars but no deconfined quarks. The latter, are found to exist only in cold neutron stars.

27 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in PRC

References in corpus (13)

• Shapiro delay measurement of a two solar mass neutron star
• A Massive Pulsar in a Compact Relativistic Binary
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II.
• Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
• Sound velocity bound and neutron stars
• Signatures of hadron-quark mixed phase in gravitational waves
• The Green Bank Telescope 350 MHz Drift-scan Survey II: Data Analysis and the Timing of 10 New Pulsars, Including a Relativistic Binary
• Phase transition dynamics for baryon-dense matter
• Density fluctuations in the presence of spinodal instabilities
• Nonlocal SU(3) chiral quark models at finite temperature: the role of the Polyakov loop
• Chiral phase transition in the presence of spinodal decomposition
• Phase transitions in neutron stars and their links to gravitational waves
• Vector interaction, charge neutrality and multiple chiral critical point structures

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• Exploring thermal effects of the hadron-quark matter transition in neutron star mergers
• Deducing Neutron Star Equation of State Parameters Directly From Telescope Spectra with Uncertainty-Aware Machine Learning
• Equation of state and composition of proto-neutron stars and merger remnants with hyperons
• Central Speed of Sound, Trace Anomaly and Observables of Neutron Stars from Perturbative Analyses of Scaled TOV Equations
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• Novel Scalings of Neutron Star Properties from Analyzing Dimensionless Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff Equations
• Hybrid Stars Built with Density Dependent Models
• Modern nuclear and astrophysical constraints of dense matter in a renormalized chiral approach
• Hot Quark Matter with Neutrino Confinement in the Framework of the Local Nambu--Jona-Lasinio SU(3) Model
• Hyperons and $\Delta$'s in rotating protoneutron stars: Global properties
• Towards a unified hadron-quark equation of state for neutron stars within the relativistic mean-field model
• Oscillating Magnetized Color Superconducting Quark Stars
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• $f$-mode oscillations in hot Neutron Stars: Effect of hyperons and neutrino trapping
• Modification of the universal relation between mass, radius and nonradial $f$-mode oscillation in proto-neutron stars
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• On the Destabilization of High-Mass Neutron Stars by the Emergence of $d^{\ast }$-Hexaquarks
• Isentropic hybrid stars in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model: effects of neutrino trapping