Dense matter in compact stars - A pedagogical introduction

Abstract

Cold and dense nuclear and/or quark matter can be found in the interior of compact stars. It is very challenging to determine the ground state and properties of this matter because of the strong-coupling nature of QCD. I give a pedagogical introduction to microscopic calculations based on phenomenological models, effective theories, and perturbative QCD. I discuss how the results of these calculations can be related to astrophysical observations to potentially rule out or confirm candidate phases of dense matter.

138+10 pages, v2: small modifications, typos fixed, Figs. 2.1 and 3.7 slightly changed; to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. (Springer), ISBN 978-3-642-12865-3

References in corpus (7)

• Color superconductivity in dense quark matter
• Physics of Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars
• The Stability of Strange Star Crusts and Strangelets
• The rigidity of crystalline color superconducting quark matter
• The string/gauge theory correspondence in QCD
• Magnetar oscillations pose challenges for strange stars
• Spin-one color superconductivity in compact stars?- an analysis within NJL-type models

Cited by in corpus (53)

• The phase diagram of dense QCD
• From holography towards real-world nuclear matter
• Surface tension of dense matter at the chiral phase transition
• Hot quark matter and (proto-) neutron stars
• Relativistic mean-field theories for neutron-star physics based on chiral effective field theory
• Cooling of Compact Stars with Color Superconducting Phase in Quark Hadron Mixed Phase
• Massive Compact Stars as Quark Stars
• Anisotropic Quark Stars with an Interacting Quark Equation of State
• Neutron stars in the BPS Skyrme model: mean-field limit vs. full field theory
• Skyrme models and nuclear matter equation of state
• Conductivity of graphene in the framework of Dirac model: Interplay between nonzero mass gap and chemical potential
• Isospin asymmetry in holographic baryonic matter
• Constant entropy hybrid stars: a first approximation of cooling evolution
• Thermal effect in the Casimir force for graphene and graphene-coated substrates: Impact of nonzero mass gap and chemical potential
• Casimir and Casimir-Polder Forces in Graphene Systems: Quantum Field Theoretical Description and Thermodynamics
• Anatomy of the chiral vortical effect
• g-mode Oscillations in Neutron Stars with Hyperons
• Pressure effects in the weak-field limit of f(R) = R + alpha R^2 gravity
• Baryon chemical potential and in-medium properties of BPS skyrmions
• Nucleation rate of color superconducting droplets in protoneutron stars
• Chiral Separation effect in non-homogeneous systems
• Quark beta decay in the inhomogeneous chiral phase and cooling of compact stars
• Effects of the Symmetry Energy and its Slope on Neutron Star Properties
• Gluon effects on the equation of state of color superconducting strange stars
• Non-radial oscillations and global stellar properties of anisotropic compact stars using realistic equations of state
• Supernova Equation of State with an extended SU(3) Quark-Meson Model
• Optimized perturbation theory applied to the study of the thermodynamics and BEC-BCS crossover in the three-color Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
• Quark deconfinement in protoneutron star cores: effect of color superconductivity within the MIT bag model
• Kaon condensation in skyrmion matter and compact stars
• Harmonic expansion of the effective potential in Functional Renormalization Group at finite chemical potential
• On the convergence of the polarization tensor in space-time of three dimensions
• Casimir effect in a dilute Bose gas in canonical ensemble within improved Hartree-Fock approximation
• Casimir Interactions between Magnetic Flux Tubes in a Dense Lattice
• Neutron and quark stars: constraining the parameters for simple EoS using the GW170817
• Towards a unified hadron-quark equation of state for neutron stars within the relativistic mean-field model
• An Undergraduate Approach to the Quantum Hadrodynamics and the Physics of Neutron Stars
• Compact star properties from an extended linear sigma model
• A holographic study on QCD phase transition and neutron star properties
• Adding crust to BPS Skyrme neutron stars
• Multicomponent superfluidity in two-color QCD at finite density at next-to-leading order
• Bubble dynamics in the Polyakov quark-meson model
• Transition temperature and thermodynamic properties of homogeneous weakly interacting Bose gas in self-consistent Popov approximation
• Role of thermal fluctuations in nucleation of three-flavor quark matter
• Combined fit to the cross sections of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \pi Z_c(3900)\to \pi \pi J/\psi$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \pi Z_c(3900)\to \pi D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$
• Parity-doubled nucleons can rapidly cool neutron stars
• Finding strangelets in cosmic rays from HESS J1731-347, a possible strange quark star using the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory
• Nonperturbative Quantum Field Theory in Astrophysics
• Light scalars in neutron star mergers
• Particle decays in the presence of a neutrino background
• BEC and antiparticles in a magnetized neutral vector boson gas at any temperature
• Momentum space topology of QCD
• The condensed fraction of a homogeneous dilute Bose gas within the improved Hartree-Fock approximation
• A web-tool for population synthesis of near-by cooling neutron stars: An on-line test for cooling curves