Model-Independent Determination of the Tidal Deformability of a 1.4 $M_{\odot }$ Neutron Star from Gravitational-Wave Measurements

Abstract

Tidal deformability of a 1.4 $M_{\odot }$ neutron star provides a pivotal window into the physics of dense nuclear matter, bridging gravitational-wave(GW), electromagnetic observations and nuclear physics. In this work, we present a novel, data-driven approach to constrain ${\Lambda }_{1.4}$ without invoking specific equation-of-state(EOS) models. By interpolating directly over the mass--tidal-deformability posteriors from GW170817, we obtain an EOS-independent constraint of ${\Lambda }_{1.4}=222.89_{-98.85}^{+420.33}.$ We further combine these GW-based results with the X-ray EOS-independent constraint from \cite{Huang_2025}, deriving a multimessenger limit of ${\Lambda }_{1.4}=265.18_{-104.38}^{+237.88},$ which remains largely EOS agnostic. This framework demonstrates that higher-order terms neglected in linear expansion methods do not significantly affect ${\Lambda }_{1.4}$ estimates under current observational uncertainties. As gravitational-wave detectors improve in sensitivity and more binary neutron-star mergers are discovered, our purely data-driven strategy can serve as a robust standard baseline for extracting neutron-star interior properties without relying on unverified EOS models.

Accepted publication in ApJ

References in corpus (37)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• Tidal Love numbers of neutron stars
• Constraints on a phenomenologically parameterized neutron-star equation of state
• Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ${}^{208}$Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering
• GW170817: Joint Constraint on the Neutron Star Equation of State from Multimessenger Observations
• Relativistic Mean-Field Hadronic Models under Nuclear Matter Constraints
• Constraints on neutron star radii based on chiral effective field theory interactions
• Nonparametric constraints on neutron star matter with existing and upcoming gravitational wave and pulsar observations
• Constraining Neutron-Star Matter with Microscopic and Macroscopic Collisions
• Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of ${}^{48}$Ca
• A NICER View of the Nearest and Brightest Millisecond Pulsar: PSR J0437$\unicode{x2013}$4715
• A NICER view of PSR J0030+0451: Implications for the dense matter equation of state
• An updated mass-radius analysis of the 2017-2018 NICER data set of PSR J0030+0451
• The Radius of the High-mass Pulsar PSR J0740+6620 with 3.6 yr of NICER Data
• Chiral Effective Field Theory and the High-Density Nuclear Equation of State
• Limiting masses and radii of neutron stars and their implications
• Information content of the parity-violating asymmetry in ${}^{208}$Pb
• Combined theoretical analysis of the parity-violating asymmetry for ${}^{48}$Ca and ${}^{208}Pb$
• Constraining the dense matter equation of state with new NICER mass-radius measurements and new chiral effective field theory inputs
• Spin effects on neutron star fundamental-mode dynamical tides: phenomenology and comparison to numerical simulations
• Imposing multi-physics constraints at different densities on the Neutron Star Equation of State
• Curvature-slope correlation of nuclear symmetry energy and its imprints on the crust-core transition, radius and tidal deformability of canonical neutron stars
• Nucleonic metamodelling in light of multimessenger, PREX-II and CREX data
• Twin stars as probes of the nuclear equation of state: effects of rotation through the PSR J0952-0607 pulsar and constraints via the tidal deformability from the GW170817 event
• Bayesian inference of multimessenger astrophysical data: Joint and coherent inference of gravitational waves and kilonovae
• Constraining a relativistic mean field model using neutron star mass-radius measurements II: Hyperonic models
• CREX- and PREX-II-motivated relativistic interactions and their implications for the bulk properties of nuclear matter and neutron stars
• Fast Rotating Neutron Stars: Oscillations and Instabilities
• Symmetry energy effect on the secondary component of GW190814 as a neutron star
• Constraining neutron star properties with a new equation of state insensitive approach
• Symmetry energy and neutron star properties constrained by chiral effective field theory calculations
• Dynamical tides during the inspiral of rapidly spinning neutron stars: Solutions beyond mode resonance
• Constraining first-order phase transition inside neutron stars with application of Bayesian techniques on PSR J0437-4715 NICER data
• EOSDB: The Database for Nuclear EoS
• Equation of State Independent Determination on the Radius of a 1.4 $M_{\odot }$ Neutron Star Using Mass-Radius Measurements

Cited by in corpus (3)

• Equation of state for hyperonic neutron-star matter in SU(3) flavor symmetry
• Tracing the Trace Anomaly of Dense Matter inside Neutron Stars
• Classification of $g$-modes for neutron stars with a strong transition: Novel universal relation including slow stable hybrid stars