Relativistic hybrid stars with sequential first-order phase transitions in light of multimessenger constraints

Abstract

In this work, we consider the properties of compact stars in which quark matter has low- and high-density phases that are separated by a first-order phase transition. Thus, unlike the commonly considered case of a single phase transition from hadronic to quark matter, our models of hybrid stars contain sequential phase transitions from hadronic matter to low- and then to high-density quark matter phases. We extend our previous study of the parameter space of hybrid stars with a single phase transition to those with sequential phase transitions, taking into account the constraints on the mass and radius of neutron stars from the NICER experiment, the experimental inferences of the neutron skin thickness of the lead nucleus by the PREX-II experiment, and constraints on the tidal deformability from the gravitational-wave event GW170817. We determine the range of the masses for which both twin and triplet configurations, i.e., identical-mass stars with two and three different values of radii, arise.

arXiv commentv2: matches published version, 11 pages, 11 figures

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• Comprehensive Analysis of Constructing Hybrid Stars with an RG-consistent NJL Model
• Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
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• Observational Probes of the Neutron Star Equation of State with Hyperons, Bosonic Dark Matter, and Quark Matter
• Confronting recent light compact star observations with color-flavor locked quark matter
• How Neutron Star Observations Point Towards Exotic Matter: Existing Explanations and a Prospective Proposal
• The mixed phase quark core in massive hybrid stars
• Constraining the competition between the deconfinement and chiral phase transitions in light of the multimessenger era
• Scalarized Hybrid Neutron Stars in Scalar Tensor Gravity
• Investigating Universal Relations in Compact Stars featuring $\Delta -$Admixed Exotic Dense Matter