Assisted Inspirals of Stellar Mass Black Holes Embedded in AGN Disks: Solving the "Final AU Problem"

Abstract

We explore the evolution of stellar mass black hole binaries (BHBs) which are formed in the self-gravitating disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Hardening due to three-body scattering and gaseous drag are effective mechanisms that reduce the semi-major axis of a BHB to radii where gravitational waves take over, on timescales shorter than the typical lifetime of the AGN disk. Taking observationally-motivated assumptions for the rate of star formation in AGN disks, we find a rate of disk-induced BHB mergers ($\mathcal{R}\sim 3{\mathrm{yr}}^{-1}{\mathrm{Gpc}}^{-3}$, but with large uncertainties) that is comparable with existing estimates of the field rate of BHB mergers, and the approximate BHB merger rate implied by the recent Advanced LIGO detection of GW150914. BHBs formed thorough this channel will frequently be associated with luminous AGN, which are relatively rare within the sky error regions of future gravitational wave detector arrays. This channel could also possess a (potentially transient) electromagnetic counterpart due to super-Eddington accretion onto the stellar mass black hole following the merger.

10 pages, 3 figures, changes made to match MNRAS published version

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• Up-down instability of binary black holes in numerical relativity
• The Origin of Binary Black Holes Mergers
• The JAGWAR Prowls LIGO/Virgo O3 Paper I: Radio Search of a Possible Multi-Messenger Counterpart of the Binary Black Hole Merger Candidate S191216ap
• Evaluating the Merger Rate of Binary Black Holes from Direct Captures and Third-Body Soft Interactions Using the Milky Way Globular Clusters
• The fall of CSS100217: a tidal disruption-induced low state in an apparently hostless active galactic nucleus
• Ranking Candidate Signals with Machine Learning in Low-Latency Search for Gravitational-Waves from Compact Binary Mergers
• GECKO Optical Follow-up Observation of Three Binary Black Hole Merger Events: GW190408_181802, GW190412, and GW190503_185404
• Uncovering a hidden black hole binary from secular eccentricity variations of a tertiary star
• Constraining binary mergers in AGN disks using the non-observation of lensed gravitational waves
• An Alternative Channel For High-Mass Binary Black Holes-----Dark Matter Accretion Onto Black Hole
• Gravitational-wave Observations Suggest Most Black Hole Mergers Form in Triples
• Propagation of GRB Relativistic Jets in AGN Disks and Its Implication for GRB Detection
• White Dwarf--White Dwarf collisions in AGN discs via close encounters
• Intermediate-mass black hole binary parameter estimation with next-generation ground-based detector networks
• Gravitational wave mergers of accreting binary black holes in AGN discs
• LIGO tells us LINERs are not optically thick RIAFs
• New insights on binary black hole formation channels after GWTC-2: young star clusters versus isolated binaries
• 3D Adiabatic Simulations of Binary Black Hole Formation in AGN
• The Influence of Disk Composition on the Evolution of Stars in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The growth of stellar mass black hole binaries trapped in an accretion disk of active galactic nuclei
• GW170817: A Neutron Star Merger in a Mass-Transferring Triple System
• Black Hole Discs and Spheres in Galactic Nuclei -- Exploring the Landscape of Vector Resonant Relaxation Equilibria
• Development of convective envelopes in massive stars: Implications for gravitational wave sources
• BH-BH mergers with & without EM counterpart: A model for stable tertiary mass transfer in hierarchical triple systems
• Determining the Hubble Constant with AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers
• High mass X-ray binaries as progenitors of gravitational wave sources
• McFACTS II: Mass Ratio--Effective Spin Relationship of Black Hole Mergers in the AGN Channel
• The appearance of a merging binary black hole very close to a spinning supermassive black hole
• GWsim: a code to simulate gravitational waves propagating in a potential well
• Swift X-ray Follow-Up Observations of Gravitational Wave and High-Energy Neutrino Coincident Signals
• Evidence of a fraction of LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA events coming from active galactic nuclei
• Outflow-Driven Transients from the Birth of Binary Black Holes I: Tidally-Locked Secondary Supernovae
• Retrieving the True Masses of Gravitational-wave Sources
• The missing link in gravitational-wave astronomy: A summary of discoveries waiting in the decihertz range
• Who Ordered That? Unequal-Mass Binary Black Hole Mergers Have Larger Effective Spins
• Search for the optical counterpart of the GW170814 gravitationalwave event with the VLT Survey Telescope
• In the grip of the disk: dragging the companion through an AGN
• Population Synthesis of Black Hole Binaries with Compact Star Companions
• Electromagnetic signatures of white dwarf collisions in AGN discs
• Estimating Hubble Constant with Gravitational Observations: A Concise Review
• Merger of multiple accreting black holes concordant with gravitational wave events
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Compact objects formation, retention, and growth through accretion onto gas-embedded white-dwarfs/neutron-stars in gas-enriched globular-clusters
• Black Hole Merger Rates in AGN: contribution from gas-captured binaries
• Constraining Black Hole Populations in Globular Clusters using Microlensing: Application to Omega Centauri
• Pushing the limits of eccentricity in planet-disc interactions
• Seeking Spinning Subpopulations of Black Hole Binaries via Iterative Density Estimation
• Imprints of massive black-hole binaries on neighbouring decihertz gravitational-wave sources
• A Sea of Black Holes: Characterizing the LISA Signature for Stellar-Origin Black Hole Binaries
• Misaligned Spin Merging Black Holes in Modified Gravity (MOG)
• Identifying intermediate mass binary black hole mergers in AGN disks using LISA
• Looking To The Horizon: Probing Evolution in the Black Hole Spectrum With Gravitational Wave Catalogs
• Extreme resonant eccentricity excitation of stars around merging black-hole binary
• Target of Opportunity Observations of Gravitational Wave Events with LSST
• Limits on the Electro-Magnetic Counterpart of Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Visible Wavelengths
• Accretion rates of stellar-mass compact objects embedded in AGN discs
• Thick Disks, Thin Hopes: Suppressed Capture and Merger Rates in AGN
• Gravitational wave backgrounds from coalescing black hole binaries at cosmic dawn: an upper bound
• Analysis and simulations of binary black hole merger spins -- the question of spin-axis tossing at black hole formation
• Not all roads lead to merger: AGN disc properties influence the interactions of highly unequal mass black holes
• Captured are circularized: A relativistic treatment of extreme mass ratio inspirals crossing accretion disks
• Secular Spin-orbit Resonances of Black Hole Binaries in AGN Disks
• Effective two-body scatterings around a massive object
• Stellar Stripping and Disruption in Disks around Supermassive Black Hole Binaries: Repeating nuclear transients prior to LISA events
• Constraining the environment of compact binary mergers with self-lensing signatures
• Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
• The role of migration traps in the formation of binary black holes in AGN disks
• Analytical and Numerical Methods for Circumbinary Disk Dynamics -- II: Inclined Disks
• Signatures of Hierarchical Mergers in Black Hole Spin and Mass distribution
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• Energetics and scattering of gravitational two-body systems at fourth post-Minkowskian order
• Characterizing Binary Black Hole Subpopulations in GWTC-4 with Binned Gaussian Processes: On the Origins of the $35M_{\odot }$ Peak
• Top-heavy stellar mass distribution in galactic nuclei inferred from the universally high abundance ratio of [Fe/Mg]
• Eccentricity Evolution in Gaseous Dynamical Friction
• Effects of an Immortal Stellar Population in AGN Disks
• Constraints on the VHE counterpart of two binary black hole mergers observed by the MAGIC and CTAO LST-1 telescopes
• Dynamical double black holes and their host cluster properties
• Detectability of a spatial correlation between stellar-mass black hole mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Local Universe