Gravitational wave mergers of accreting binary black holes in AGN discs

Abstract

Binary black hole (BBH) evolution in the discs of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is a promising channel for gravitational wave (GW)-driven mergers. It is however unclear whether binaries interacting with the surrounding disc undergo orbital contraction or expansion. We develop a simple analytic model of accreting BBHs in AGN discs to follow the orbital evolution from the disc-dominated regime at large separations into the GW-driven regime at small separations (the coupled `disc+GW'-driven evolution). We obtain that accreting binaries expand in thick discs with aspect ratio greater than a critical value ($>h_{\mathrm{crit}}$); whereas accreting binaries contract and eventually merge in thin discs ($<h_{\mathrm{crit}}$). Interestingly, accreting BBHs can experience faster mergers compared to non-accreting counterparts, with a non-monotonic dependence on the disc aspect ratio. The orbital contraction is usually coupled with eccentricity growth in the disc-dominated regime, which lead to accelerated inspirals in the GW-driven regime. We quantify the resulting BBH merger timescales in AGN discs (${\tau }_{\mathrm{merger}}\sim 10^5-10^7$ yr) and estimate the associated GW merger rates ($\mathcal{R}\sim (0.2-5){\text{Gpc}}^{-3}{\text{yr}}^{-1}$). Overall, accreting binaries may efficiently contract and merge in thin discs, hence this particular BBH-in-AGN channel may provide a non-negligible contribution to the observed GW merger event rate.

arXiv commentpublished in MNRAS

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