Observable signatures of stellar-mass black holes in active galactic nuclei
arXiv:2303.02172 · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acc103
Abstract
Stellar-mass black holes (BHs) are predicted to be embedded in the disks of active galactic nuclei (AGN) due to gravitational drag and in-situ star formation. However, clear evidence for AGN disk-embedded BHs is currently lacking. Here, as possible electromagnetic signatures of these BHs, we investigate breakout emission from shocks emerging around Blandford-Znajek jets launched from accreting BHs in AGN disks. We assume that the majority of the highly super-Eddington flow reaches the BH, produces a strong jet, and the jet produces feedback that shuts off accretion and thus leads to episodic flaring. While these assumptions are highly uncertain at present, they predict a breakout emission characterized by luminous thermal emission in the X-ray bands, and bright, broadband non-thermal emission from the infrared to the gamma-ray bands. The flare duration depends on the BH's distance from the central supermassive BH, varying between s for pc. This emission can be discovered by current and future infrared, optical, and X-ray wide-field surveys and monitoring campaigns of nearby AGNs.
arXiv comment10 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJL
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