Two-dimensional epitaxial superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures: A platform for topological superconducting networks

Abstract

Progress in the emergent field of topological superconductivity relies on synthesis of new material combinations, combining superconductivity, low density, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). For example, theory [1-4] indicates that the interface between a one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor (Sm) with strong SOC and a superconductor (S) hosts Majorana modes with nontrivial topological properties [5-8]. Recently, epitaxial growth of Al on InAs nanowires was shown to yield a high quality S-Sm system with uniformly transparent interfaces [9] and a hard induced gap, indicted by strongly suppressed sub gap tunneling conductance [10]. Here we report the realization of a two-dimensional (2D) InAs/InGaAs heterostructure with epitaxial Al, yielding a planar S-Sm system with structural and transport characteristics as good as the epitaxial wires. The realization of 2D epitaxial S-Sm systems represent a significant advance over wires, allowing extended networks via top-down processing. Among numerous potential applications, this new material system can serve as a platform for complex networks of topological superconductors with gate-controlled Majorana zero modes [1-4]. We demonstrate gateable Josephson junctions and a highly transparent 2D S-Sm interface based on the product of excess current and normal state resistance.

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Cited by in corpus (239)

• Realizing Majorana zero modes in superconductor-semiconductor heterostructures
• Scalable Designs for Quasiparticle-Poisoning-Protected Topological Quantum Computation with Majorana Zero Modes
• Scaling of Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks
• Evidence of topological superconductivity in planar Josephson junctions
• Topological Superconductivity in a Phase-Controlled Josephson Junction
• Topological Superconductivity in a Planar Josephson Junction
• Epitaxy of Advanced Nanowire Quantum Devices
• Two-dimensional platform for networks of Majorana bound states
• Zero-Energy Modes from Coalescing Andreev States in a Two-Dimensional Semiconductor-Superconductor Hybrid Platform
• Superconducting Gatemon Qubit based on a Proximitized Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
• InAs-Al Hybrid Devices Passing the Topological Gap Protocol
• Quantized conductance doubling and hard gap in a two-dimensional semiconductor-superconductor heterostructure
• Second Order Topological Superconductivity in $\pi$-Junction Rashba Layers
• Zero-energy Andreev bound states from quantum dots in proximitized Rashba nanowires
• Gate Controlled Anomalous Phase Shift in Al/InAs Josephson Junctions
• Ubiquitous non-Majorana Zero-Bias Conductance Peaks in Nanowire Devices
• Transparent Semiconductor-Superconductor Interface and Induced Gap in an Epitaxial Heterostructure Josephson Junction
• Hard superconducting gap in InSb nanowires
• Phase signature of topological transition in Josephson Junctions
• Roadmap to Majorana surface codes
• Selective Area Grown Semiconductor-Superconductor Hybrids: A Basis for Topological Networks
• Majorana nanowires for topological quantum computation
• Metallization of Rashba wire by superconducting layer in the strong-proximity regime
• Relating Andreev Bound States and Supercurrents in Hybrid Josephson Junctions
• Superconducting, Insulating, and Anomalous Metallic Regimes in a Gated Two-Dimensional Semiconductor-Superconductor Array
• The multi-terminal Josephson effect
• Field effect enhancement in buffered quantum nanowire networks
• Hunting for Majoranas
• Engineering Hybrid Epitaxial InAsSb/Al Nanowire Materials for Stronger Topological Protection
• Epitaxial Pb on InAs nanowires
• Germanium quantum well Josephson field effect transistors and interferometers
• Modulation Doping via a 2d Atomic Crystalline Acceptor
• A perspective on semiconductor-based superconducting qubits
• Anomalous Fraunhofer Interference in Epitaxial Superconductor-Semiconductor Josephson Junctions
• Wireless Majorana Bound States: From Magnetic Tunability to Braiding
• Diamagnetic mechanism of critical current non-reciprocity in multilayered superconductors
• Missing Shapiro steps in topologically trivial Josephson Junction on InAs quantum well
• Superconducting proximity effect in epitaxial Al-InAs heterostructures
• Combining Topological Hardware and Topological Software: Color Code Quantum Computing with Topological Superconductor Networks
• A comprehensive review on topological superconducting materials and interfaces
• Electron temperature and tunnel coupling dependence of zero-bias and almost-zero-bias conductance peaks in Majorana nanowires
• Transport Studies in a Gate-Tunable Three-Terminal Josephson Junction
• Majorana qubits in topological insulator nanoribbon architecture
• Proximity effect and Majorana bound states in clean semiconductor nanowires coupled to disordered superconductors
• Weyl Josephson Circuits
• Fusion of Majorana Bound States with Mini-Gate Control in Two-Dimensional Systems
• Floquet Second-Order Topological Superconductor Driven via Ferromagnetic Resonance
• Zeeman-Induced Gapless Superconductivity with Partial Fermi Surface
• Conduction Channels of an InAs-Al nanowire Josephson weak link
• Hard superconducting gap in germanium
• InSbAs two-dimensional electron gases as a platform for topological superconductivity
• Coherent transport through a Majorana island in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
• Transport studies of epi-Al/InAs 2DEG systems for required building-blocks in topological superconductor networks
• Tunable magnetic textures in spin valves: From spintronics to Majorana bound states
• Hybridization of sub-gap states in one-dimensional superconductor/semiconductor Coulomb islands
• Proximity-Induced Superconductivity in Epitaxial Topological Insulator/Graphene/Gallium Heterostructures
• Fractional Josephson Vortices and Braiding of Majorana Zero Modes in Planar Superconductor-Semiconductor Heterostructures
• Finite-size effects in a nanowire strongly coupled to a thin superconducting shell
• Autonomous conversion of information to work in quantum dots
• Phase Control of Majorana Bound States in a Topological X Junction
• Phase-engineering the Andreev band structure of a three-terminal Josephson junction
• Signatures of a topological phase transition in a planar Josephson junction
• Tuning Topological Superconductivity in Phase-Controlled Josephson Junctions with Rashba and Dresselhaus Spin-Orbit Coupling
• Transport Properties of Near Surface InAs Two-dimensional Heterostructures
• Tunable Magnetic Textures: From Majorana Bound States to Braiding
• Induced superconducting pairing in integer quantum Hall edge states
• Coupling and braiding Majorana bound states in networks defined in proximitized two-dimensional electron gases
• Superconducting Diode Effect Sign Change in Epitaxial Al-InAs Josepshon Junctions
• Floquet Majorana zero and $\pi$ modes in planar Josephson junctions
• Exceptional odd-frequency pairing in non-Hermitian superconducting systems
• Local and Nonlocal Transport Spectroscopy in Planar Josephson Junctions
• Kramers pairs of Majorana corner states in a topological insulator bilayer
• Selective Control of Conductance Modes in Multi-terminal Josephson Junctions
• Gate-tunable, superconductor-semiconductor parametric amplifier
• Topological superconductivity in semiconductor-superconductor-magnetic insulator heterostructures
• Link between supercurrent diode and anomalous Josephson effect revealed by gate-controlled interferometry
• Flux-Tunable Josephson Diode Effect in a Hybrid Four-Terminal Josephson Junction
• Mobility in excess of $10^6$ cm${}^2$/Vs in InAs quantum wells grown on lattice mismatched InP substrates
• Skyrmion Control of Majorana States in Planar Josephson Junctions
• Experimental Measurements of Effective Mass in Near Surface InAs Quantum Wells
• Limiting scattering processes in high-mobility InSb quantum wells grown on GaSb buffer systems
• Spin-orbit interaction and induced superconductivity in an one-dimensional hole gas
• Electrostatic control of the proximity effect in the bulk of semiconductor-superconductor hybrids
• Enhanced topological superconductivity in spatially modulated planar Josephson junctions
• Parity-to-charge conversion for readout of topological Majorana qubits
• Tuning supercurrent in Josephson field effect transistors using h-BN dielectric
• A gate tunable transmon qubit in planar Ge
• Superconducting resonators with voltage-controlled frequency and nonlinearity
• Demonstration of nonlocal Josephson effect in Andreev molecules
• Phase-dependent Andreev molecules and superconducting gap closing in coherently coupled Josephson junctions
• Even-odd effect and Majorana states in full-shell nanowires
• Detecting induced $p\pm ip$ pairing at the Al-InAs interface with a quantum microwave circuit
• Majorana/Andreev crossover and the fate of the topological phase transition in inhomogeneous nanowires
• Josephson inductance as a probe for highly ballistic semiconductor-superconductor weak links
• Charge-4e supercurrent in a two-dimensional InAs-Al superconductor-semiconductor heterostructure
• Engineering of anomalous Josephson effect in coherently coupled Josephson junctions
• Epitaxial Superconductor-Semiconductor Two-Dimensional Systems for Superconducting Quantum Circuits
• Proximity effect in a two-dimensional electron gas coupled to a thin superconducting layer
• Long-range Kitaev Chains via Planar Josephson Junctions
• Proximity Effect Transfer from NbTi into a Semiconductor Heterostructure via Epitaxial Aluminum
• Floquet engineering bulk odd-frequency superconducting pairs
• Degeneracy lifting of Majorana bound states due to electron-phonon interactions
• Pinning of Andreev bound states to zero energy in two-dimensional superconductor-semiconductor Rashba heterostructures
• Majorana bound states in hybrid 2D Josephson junctions with ferromagnetic insulators
• Measurements of Phase Dynamics in Planar Josephson Junctions and SQUIDs
• Charge $2e/3$ superconductivity and topological degeneracies without localized zero modes in bilayer fractional quantum Hall states
• Scattering description of Andreev molecules
• Parametric exploration of zero-energy modes in three-terminal InSb-Al nanowire devices
• Voltage-tunable superconducting resonators: a platform for random access quantum memory
• Full electrostatic control of quantum interference in an extended trenched Josephson junction
• Progress in superconductor-semiconductor topological Josephson junctions
• Zeeman-driven parity transitions in an Andreev quantum dot
• Bulk Bogoliubov Fermi arcs in non-Hermitian superconducting systems
• Joule spectroscopy of hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanodevices
• Flip-chip-based microwave spectroscopy of Andreev bound states in a planar Josephson junction
• Contribution of top barrier materials to high mobility in near-surface InAs quantum wells grown on GaSb(001)
• Suppressing quasiparticle poisoning with a voltage-controlled filter
• Control and detection of Majorana bound states in quantum dot arrays
• Observation of fractional quantum Hall effect in an InAs quantum well
• Control over epitaxy and the role of the InAs/Al interface in hybrid two-dimensional electron gas systems
• Optimized micromagnet geometries for Majorana zero modes in low g-factor materials
• Topological $\pi$-junctions from crossed Andreev reflection in the Quantum Hall regime
• Crystalline Anisotropic Topological Superconductivity in Planar Josephson Junctions
• Exceptional degeneracies in non-Hermitian Rashba semiconductors
• Quantum circuits with multiterminal Josephson-Andreev junctions
• The improved inverted AlGaAs/GaAs interface: its relevance for high-mobility quantum wells and hybrid systems
• Detecting coupling of Majorana bound states with an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer
• Controlled-Z gate for transmon qubits coupled by semiconductor junctions
• Enhanced topological protection in planar quasi-one-dimensional channels with periodically-modulated width
• Rashba Sandwiches with Topological Superconducting Phases
• Experimental review on Majorana zero-modes in hybrid nanowires
• Selective-Area-Grown PbTe-Pb Planar Josephson Junctions for Quantum Devices
• Supercurrent generation by spin injection in an s-wave superconductor-Rashba metal bilayer
• Shedding light on topological superconductors
• Controlling Fermi level pinning in near-surface InAs quantum wells
• Blurring the boundaries between topological and non-topological phenomena in dots
• Anisotropic vortex squeezing in synthetic Rashba superconductors: a manifestation of Lifshitz invariants
• Evolution of $4\pi$-periodic Supercurrent in the Presence of In-plane Magnetic Field
• Zeeman and Orbital Driven Phase Transitions in Planar Josephson Junctions
• Quasiparticle dynamics in epitaxial Al-InAs planar Josephson junctions
• Localization and oscillations of Majorana fermions in a two-dimensional electron gas coupled with $d$-wave superconductors
• Spin-degeneracy breaking and parity transitions in three-terminal Josephson junctions
• Mobility exceeding 100,000 cm${}^2$/Vs in modulation-doped shallow InAs quantum wells coupled to epitaxial aluminum
• Fractional AC Josephson effect in a topological insulator proximitized by a self-formed superconductor
• 1D Majorana Goldstinos and partial supersymmetry breaking in quantum wires
• Noise insights into electronic transport
• Tunable Capacitor For Superconducting Qubits Using an InAs/InGaAs Heterostructure
• Renormalization of the Majorana bound state decay length in a perpendicular magnetic field
• Microwave Sensing of Andreev Bound States in a Gate-Defined Superconducting Quantum Point Contact
• The hybrid Josephson rhombus: A superconducting element with tailored current-phase relation
• Near-surface InAs 2DEG on a GaAs substrate: characterization and superconducting proximity effect
• Gatemonium: A Voltage-Tunable Fluxonium
• Toward durable Al-InSb hybrid heterostructures via epitaxy of 2ML interfacial InAs screening layers
• Spin-resolved spectroscopy using a quantum dot defined in InAs 2DEG
• Chiral twodimensional p-wave superfluid from s-wave pairing in the BEC regime
• Anodic Oxidation of Epitaxial Superconductor-Semiconductor Hybrids
• Magneto-conductance of topological junctions based on two-dimensional electron gases reveals Majorana phases
• Time-Reversal Invariant Topological Superconductivity in Planar Josephson Bijunction
• Effects of the phase coherence on the local density of states in superconducting proximity structures
• Local density of states in two-dimensional topological superconductors under a magnetic field: signature of an exterior Majorana bound state
• Tunable Josephson diode effect in singlet superconductor-altermagnet-triplet superconductor junctions
• InAs on Insulator: A New Platform for Cryogenic Hybrid Superconducting Electronics
• Current distributions in stripe Majorana junctions
• Theory of scanning gate microscopy imaging of the supercurrent distribution in a planar Josephson junction
• Effect of dilute impurities on short graphene Josephson junctions
• Thin films as practical quantum materials: a status quo and beyond
• Dispersive 1D Majorana modes with emergent supersymmetry in 1D proximitized superconductors via spatially-modulated potentials and magnetic fields
• Quantum simulation of the tricritical Ising model in tunable Josephson junction ladders
• Evidence of Josephson coupling in a few-layer black phosphorus planar Josephson junction
• Microwave-induced conductance replicas in hybrid Josephson junctions without Floquet-Andreev states
• Superconductivity in Substitutional Ga-Hyperdoped Ge Epitaxial Thin Films
• Magneto-anisotropic weak antilocalization in near-surface quantum wells
• Phase jumps in Josephson junctions with time-dependent spin-orbit coupling
• Microwave Signatures of Topological Superconductivity in Planar Josephson Junctions
• Kerr nonlinearity and parametric amplification with an Al-InAs superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junction
• Phase Diagram of Quantum Hall Breakdown and Non-linear Phenomena for InGaAs/InP Quantum Wells
• Subgap states in semiconductor-superconductor devices for quantum technologies: Andreev qubits and minimal Majorana chains
• Subgap transport in superconductor--semiconductor hybrid islands: Weak and strong coupling regimes
• Nonlinearity of transparent SNS weak links decreases sharply with length
• Beyond the standard model of topological Josephson junctions: From crystalline anisotropy to finite-size and diode effects
• Design of a Majorana trijunction
• Majorana Zero Modes in Cylindrical Semiconductor Quantum Wire
• Energy distribution controlled ballistic Josephson junction
• The study of contact properties in edge-contacted graphene-aluminum Josephson junctions
• Cryogenic Behavior of High-Permittivity Gate Dielectrics: The Impact of the Atomic Layer Deposition Temperature and the Lithographic Patterning Method
• Crystalline superconductor-semiconductor Josephson junctions for compact superconducting qubits
• Braids and phase gates through high-frequency virtual tunneling of Majorana Zero Modes
• Superconducting-semiconducting voltage-tunable qubits in the third dimension
• Observation of an Abrupt 3D-2D Morphological Transition in Thin Al Layers Grown by MBE on InGaAs surface
• Homointerface planar Josephson junction based on inverse proximity effect
• Missing odd-order Shapiro steps do not uniquely indicate fractional Josephson effect
• Disorder effects in planar semiconductor-superconductor structures: Majorana wires versus Josephson junctions
• Field effect two-dimensional electron gases in modulation-doped InSb surface quantum wells
• Andreev Reflection in the Quantum Hall Regime at an Al/InAs Junction on a Cleaved Edge
• Thouless pumping in Josephson junction arrays
• Microwave Andreev bound state spectroscopy in a semiconductor-based Planar Josephson junction
• Challenges in detecting topological superconducting transitions via supercurrent and phase probes in planar Josephson junctions
• Entangled Photon-Pair Emission in Waveguide Circuit QED from a Cooper Pair Splitter
• Josephson Field Effect Transistors with InAs on Insulator and High Permittivity Gate Dielectrics
• Simulating spin systems with Majorana networks
• Semiconductor Epitaxy in Superconducting Templates
• Solid-State Reactions at Niobium-Germanium Interfaces in Hybrid Superconductor-Semiconductor Devices
• Spin-resolved nonlocal transport in proximitized Rashba nanowires
• Exploring the energy spectrum of a four-terminal Josephson junction: Towards topological Andreev band structures
• Gating of two-dimensional electron systems in InGaAs/InAlAs heterostructures: the role of the intrinsic InAlAs deep donor defects
• Investigation of InAs based devices for topological applications
• Voltage-tuned anomalous-metal to metal transition in hybrid Josephson junction arrays
• A unified numerical approach to semiconductor-superconductor heterostructures
• Josephson tunnel junction arrays and Andreev weak links: linked by a single energy-phase relation
• Electric Control of Polarity in Spin-Orbit Josephson Diode
• Probing Andreev reflection reach in semiconductor-superconductor hybrids by Aharonov-Bohm effect
• Resistivity tensor of vortex-lattice states in Josephson junction arrays
• Multiple Majorana bound states and their resilience against disorder in planar Josephson junctions
• Spontaneous supercurrents and vortex depinning in two-dimensional arrays of ${\phi }_0$-junctions
• Josephson junction arrays as a platform for topological phases of matter
• Single layer clathrane: A potential superconducting two-dimensional (2D) hydrogenated metal borocarbide
• Excess current in ferromagnet-superconductor structures with fully polarized triplet component
• Interplay between evanescent scattering modes and finite dispersion in superconducting junctions
• Gate tunable enhancement of supercurrent in hybrid planar Josephson junctions
• Planar Josephson junction devices with narrow superconducting strips: Topological properties and optimization
• Ubiquitous missing first Shapiro step in Al-InSb nanosheet Josephson junctions
• Chiral adiabatic transmission protected by Fermi surface topology
• Enhancement of the topological regime in elongated Josephson junctions
• Local analysis of a single impurity on a graphene Josephson Junction
• Non uniform superconductivity in wires with strong spin-orbit coupling
• Epitaxial aluminum layer on antimonide heterostructures for exploring Josephson junction effects
• High transparency induced superconductivity in field effect two-dimensional electron gases in undoped InAs/AlGaSb surface quantum wells
• Engineering a Josephson junction chain for the simulation of the clock model
• Measurements of cyclotron resonance of the interfacial states in strong spin-orbit coupled 2D electron gases proximitized with aluminum
• Nonlocal signatures of hybridization between quantum dot and Andreev bound states
• Microwave radiometry of a quantum-critical, hybrid Josephson array
• Thermoelectric effect in a superconductor with Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces
• Towards a $\cos (2\phi )$ Josephson element using aluminum junctions with well-transmitted channels
• Proximity-induced superconductivity generated by thin films: Effects of Fermi surface mismatch and disorder in the superconductor
• Two-dimensional helical superconductivity and gapless superconducting edge modes in the 1T${}^{\prime }$-WS${}_2$/2H-WS${}_2$ heterophase bilayer
• Directional conductance of Andreev crystals in hybrid Josephson junction arrays
• Local Control of Supercurrent Density in Epitaxial Planar Josephson Junctions
• Spin-orbit Energies in Etch-Confined Superconductor-Semiconductor Nanowires
• Clean quantum point contacts in an InAs quantum well grown on a lattice-mismatched InP substrate