Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave

Abstract

The conventional cold, particle interpretation of dark matter (CDM) still lacks laboratory support and struggles with the basic properties of common dwarf galaxies, which have surprisingly uniform central masses and shallow density profiles. In contrast, galaxies predicted by CDM extend to much lower masses, with steeper, singular profiles. This tension motivates cold, wavelike dark matter ($\psi$DM) composed of a non-relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate, so the uncertainty principle counters gravity below a Jeans scale. Here we achieve the first cosmological simulations of this quantum state at unprecedentedly high resolution capable of resolving dwarf galaxies, with only one free parameter, ${\mathbf{m}}_{\mathbf{B}}$, the boson mass. We demonstrate the large scale structure of this $\psi$DM simulation is indistinguishable from CDM, as desired, but differs radically inside galaxies. Connected filaments and collapsed haloes form a large interference network, with gravitationally self-bound solitonic cores inside every galaxy surrounded by extended haloes of fluctuating density granules. These results allow us to determine ${\mathbf{m}}_{\mathbf{B}}=(8.1_{-1.7}^{+1.6})\times 10^{-23}\mathbf{eV}$ using stellar phase-space distributions in dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Denser, more massive solitons are predicted for Milky Way sized galaxies, providing a substantial seed to help explain early spheroid formation. Suppression of small structures means the onset of galaxy formation for $\psi$DM is substantially delayed relative to CDM, appearing at $\mathbf{z}\lesssim 13$ in our simulations.

14 pages, 8 figures. Pre-submission version. Final version has appeared in Nature Physics (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2996)

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• Detectable and defect-free dark photon dark matter
• Dual frequency caesium spin maser
• From QFT to Boltzmann: Freeze-in in the presence of oscillating condensates
• Supersonic friction of a black hole traversing a self-interacting scalar dark matter cloud
• Small scale structures in coupled scalar field dark matter
• Search for transient ultralight dark matter signatures with networks of precision measurement devices using a Bayesian statistics method
• Scalar field dark matter as an alternative explanation for the anisotropic distribution of satellite galaxies
• Angular Momentum and the Absence of Vortices in the Cores of Fuzzy Dark Matter Haloes
• Constraint on the mass of fuzzy dark matter from the rotation curve of the Milky Way
• Scalar field dark matter with a cosh potential, revisited
• Cosmic Web Dissection in Fuzzy Dark Matter Cosmologies
• Polytropic spheres modelling dark matter halos of dwarf galaxies
• Geometric Corroboration of the Earliest Lensed Galaxy at z~10.8 from Robust Free-Form Modelling
• Diluted Axion Star Collisions with Neutron Stars
• Non-linear clustering during the BEC dark matter phase transition
• The effects of the small-scale behaviour of dark matter power spectrum on CMB spectral distortion
• COZMIC. I. Cosmological Zoom-in Simulations with Initial Conditions Beyond Cold Dark Matter
• Stability of Condensed Fuzzy Dark Matter Halos
• A Soliton Solution for the Central Dark Masses in 47- Tuc Globular Cluster and Implications for the Axiverse
• Analytical approach to core-halo structure of fuzzy dark matter
• Galaxy rotation curves using a non-parametric regression method: core, cusp and fuzzy scalar field dark matter models
• Quantum tunneling rate of dilute axion stars close to the maximum mass
• On wave dark matter in spiral and barred galaxies
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals in dark matter halos: dynamics and distinguishability of halo models
• Behavior of luminous matter in the head-on encounter of two ultralight BEC dark matter halos
• On long range axion hairs for black holes
• Dark Matter as a Non-Relativistic Bose-Einstein Condensate with Massive Gravitons
• Investigating the use of field solvers for simulating classical systems
• A review on radiation of oscillons and oscillatons
• Self-gravitating Equilibria of Non-minimally Coupled Dark Matter Halos
• Mitigating Foreground Bias to the CMB Lensing Power Spectrum for a CMB-HD Survey
• Time evolution of the local gravitational parameters and gravitational wave polarizations in a relativistic MOND theory
• On the radial linear stability of nonrelativistic $\ell$-boson stars
• Detecting dark matter oscillations with gravitational waveforms
• Fuzzy Aquarius: evolution of a Milky-way like system in the Fuzzy Dark Matter scenario
• Production of PBHs from inflaton structure
• Non-Relativistic Formation of Scalar Clumps as a Candidate for Dark Matter
• Bose-Einstein condensate dark matter model with three-particle interaction and two-phase structure
• SCALAR: an AMR code to simulate axion-like dark matter models
• Linking Light Scalar Modes with A Small Positive Cosmological Constant in String Theory
• Supermassive Black Holes from self-gravitating Bose-Einstein Condensates comprised of Ultra-light Bosonic Dark Matter
• Non-sphericity of ultralight axion dark matter haloes in the Galactic dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Stochastic Wave Dark Matter with Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray Pulsar Timing Array
• Nested solitons in two-field fuzzy dark matter
• Unified view of scalar and vector dark matter solitons
• Axial Anomaly in Galaxies and the Dark Universe
• Gravitational Stability of Vortices in Bose-Einstein Condensate Dark Matter
• Global View of Axion Stars with (Nearly) Planck-Scale Decay Constants
• If dark matter is fuzzy, the first stars form in massive pancakes
• Squeezing the Axion
• Axion star condensation around primordial black holes and microlensing limits
• Galactic Rotation Curves of LSB Galaxies using core-halo FDM configurations
• The spatial distribution of globular clusters in dwarf spheroidal galaxies and the timing problem
• ULDM self-interactions, tidal effects and tunnelling out of satellite galaxies
• Getting More Out of Black Hole Superradiance: a Statistically Rigorous Approach to Ultralight Boson Constraints from Black Hole Spin Measurements
• Galactic Center constraints on self-interacting sterile neutrinos from fermionic dark matter ("ino") models
• Stable soliton dark matter wormhole in non-minimally coupled $f(\mathcal{Q},\mathcal{T})$ gravity
• Numerical Relativity and High Energy Physics: Recent Developments
• Energy Balance of a Bose Gas in Curved Spacetime
• Testing multiflavored ULDM models with SPARC
• Scalar dark matter vortex stabilization with black holes
• Bosenovae with Quadratically-Coupled Scalars in Quantum Sensing Experiments
• Vortex depinning in a two-dimensional superfluid
• Relaxation of structures resulting from head-on mergers of ultralight bosonic dark matter cores
• Resonant gravitational waves in dynamical Chern-Simons-axion gravity
• One-Dimensional Fuzzy Dark Matter Models: Structure Growth and Asymptotic Dynamics
• Stellar streams and dark substructure: the diffusion regime
• Dynamical galactic effects induced by stable vortex structure in bosonic dark matter
• Cold Dark Matter: A Gluonic Bose--Einstein Condensate in Anti-de Sitter Space Time
• Probing Bosonic Stars with Atomic Clocks
• The viability of ultralight bosonic dark matter in dwarf galaxies
• Balancing long-range interactions and quantum pressure: solitons in the HMF model
• Wormholes and masses for Goldstone bosons
• Axion Structure Formation I: The Co-motion Picture
• Phenomenology of wavelike vector dark matter nonminimally coupled to gravity
• Piercing of a solitonic boson star by a black hole
• Abundance matching for low mass galaxies in the CDM and FDM models
• A Reduced Inner Product for Kink States
• Consequences for the Scalar Field Dark Matter model from The McGaugh Observed-Baryon Acceleration Correlation
• Applying the matched-filter technique to the search for dark matter transients with networks of quantum sensors
• Prospects of Probing Dark Matter Condensates with Gravitational Waves
• Solitons and halos for self-interacting scalar dark matter
• Radial Acceleration Relation from Ultra-light Scalar Dark matter
• Gravitational wave radiation from periodic orbits and quasi-periodic oscillations in Einstein non-linear Maxwell-Yukawa black hole
• Bounds on sterile neutrino lifetime and mixing angle with active neutrinos by global 21 cm signal
• A new logotropic model based on a complex scalar field with a logarithmic potential
• Galactic disc heating by density granulation in fuzzy dark matter simulations
• Self-interacting scalar field distributions around Schwarzschild black holes
• K-essence scalar dark matter solitons around supermassive black holes
• Stability of multi-state configurations of fuzzy dark matter
• Giant low-surface-brightness dwarf galaxy as a test bench for MOdified Gravity
• Hunting Galactic Axion Dark Matter with Gravitationally Lensed Fast Radio Bursts
• Stationary solutions of the Schrödinger-Poisson-Euler system and their stability
• Searching for dilaton fields in the Ly$\alpha$ forest
• Condensation of Galactic Cold Dark Matter
• The formation of compact objects at finite temperatures in a dark-matter-candidate self-gravitating bosonic system
• Dark ages, a window on the dark sector. Hunting for ultra-light axions
• Coherent soliton states hidden in phase-space and stabilized by gravitational incoherent structures
• Virialized Profiles and Oscillations of Self-interacting Fuzzy Dark Matter Solitons
• Implications of multi-axion dark matter on structure formation
• Incoherent localized structures and hidden coherent solitons from the gravitational instability of the Schrödinger-Poisson equation
• Comparison between two scalar field models using rotation curves of spiral galaxies
• Modeling the core-halo mass relation in fuzzy dark matter halos
• Bracketing the soliton-halo relation of ultralight dark matter
• Diverse dark matter haloes in Two-field Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Observational constraints on complex quintessence with attractive self-interaction
• Constraining Ultra-light Axions with Galaxy Cluster Number Counts
• Nonclassicality of axion-like dark matter through gravitational self-interactions
• When quantum corrections alter the predictions of classical field theory for scalar field dark matter
• Modeling Post-Reionization HI Distributions in Fuzzy Dark Matter Cosmologies Using Conditional Normalizing Flows
• Modelling the Track of the GD-1 Stellar Stream Inside a Host with a Fermionic Dark Matter Core-Halo Distribution
• Single and merger soliton dynamics in scalar field dark matter with and without self-interactions
• Fermion-Boson Stars as Attractors in Fuzzy Dark Matter and Ideal Gas Dynamics
• Revealing turbulent Dark Matter via merging of self-Gravitating condensates
• Tidal Suppression of Fuzzy Dark Matter Heating in Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Static structure of chameleon dark Matter as an explanation of dwarf spheroidal galactic core
• Spherical solutions of the Schrödinger-Poisson system with core-tail structure
• The Invisible Dilaton
• Construction and evolution of equilibrium configurations of the Schrödinger-Poisson system in the Madelung frame
• Moving Kinks and Their Wave Packets
• Science from an Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey
• Understanding the "Feeble Giant" Crater II with tidally stretched Wave Dark Matter
• Cosmological parameters from Planck data in SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$, their local $\Lambda$CDM values, and the modified photon Boltzmann equation
• The M-sigma Relation of Super Massive Black Holes from the Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Prospects for disentangling dark matter with weak lensing
• Spherical collapse of fuzzy dark matter
• Evolution of perturbation and power spectrum in a two-component ultralight axionic universe
• Dark Spin-2 Field Solitons as a Source of Electromagnetic Radiation
• Manifestations of dark matter and variations of fundamental constants in atoms and astrophysical phenomena
• Self-similar solutions for Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Bose-Einstein condensation as an alternative to inflation
• Solving the Schrodinger Poisson System using the coordinate Adaptive Moving Mesh method
• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
• Pressureless stationary solutions in a Newton-Yukawa gravity model
• Dark Photon Dark Matter and Low-Frequency Gravitational Wave Detection with Gaia-like Astrometry
• Density perturbations in axion-like particles: classical vs quantum field treatment
• Early Growth of Structure in Warm Wave Dark Matter
• Astrophysical Searches and Constraints on Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter
• Core and Halo Properties in Multi-Field Wave Dark Matter
• Common Envelope Evolution of Ultralight Boson Clouds
• The quantum character of the Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Kinematic Imprints of vortex-lines of BEC Dark Matter on Baryonic Matter
• Dark Matter Substructure or Source Model Systematics? A Case Study of Cluster Lens Abell S1063
• CMB-HD: An Ultra-Deep, High-Resolution Millimeter-Wave Survey Over Half the Sky
• Modified Friedmann equations via conformal Bohm -- De Broglie gravity
• Construction of ground state solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson system using genetic algorithms
• The de Broglie universal substratum, the Lochak monopoles and the dark universe
• Effective Cross Section of Fuzzy Dark Matter Halos
• Hydrodynamics of ultralight complex scalar field dark matter and its impact on the growth of structure
• Bose-Einstein condensate and degenerate Fermi cored dark matter halos
• Backreaction of axion coherent oscillations
• The imprint of ultralight vector fields on gravitational wave propagation
• Accretion discs onto supermassive compact objects: a portal to dark matter physics in active galaxies
• Post-inflationary structure formation boosted by parametric self-resonance
• Theory and phenomenology of stressed wave-dark-matter soliton
• Do neutrinos bend? Consequences of an ultralight gauge field as dark matter
• The Schr$\ddot{o}$dinger-Poisson equations as the large-N limit of the Newtonian N-body system: applications to the large scale dark matter dynamics
• Self-interacting dark matter constraints in a thick dark disk scenario
• Galaxy dynamics tracing quantum cosmology beyond $\Lambda$CDM below the de Sitter scale of acceleration
• Fingerprint matching of beyond-WIMP dark matter: neural network approach
• Annual-modulation fingerprint of the axion wind induced sideband triplet in quantum dot spin qubit sensors
• The Impact of Dark Matter on Gravitational Wave Detection by Space-based Interferometers
• Parametric-resonance based phenomenology of gravitating axion configurations
• Galaxy formation with wave/fuzzy dark matter: The core-halo structure and the solitonic imprint
• On particle scattering in Gross-Pitaevskii theory and implications for dark matter halos
• Ultralight vector dark matter, anisotropies and cosmological adiabatic modes
• Improved Halo Model Calibrations for Mixed Dark Matter Models of Ultralight Axions
• Interpreting the Extremely Diffuse Stellar Distribution of the Nube Galaxy through Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Black Holes as Condensation Points of Fuzzy Dark Matter Cores
• Field excitation in fuzzy dark matter near a strong gravitational wave source
• Pulsar Polarization Array Limits on Ultralight Axion-like Dark Matter
• Multimessenger signals from compact axion star mergers
• Formation of solitons and their transitions in scalar-field dark matter models with a non-polynomial self-interaction potential
• Gravitational wave lensing: probing Fuzzy Dark Matter with LISA
• Collapse of spherical overdensities in superfluid models of dark matter
• Passage of test particles through oscillating spherically-symmetric dark matter configurations
• Search for Axionlike Dark Matter Using Liquid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
• Interplay between Black Holes and Ultralight Dark Matter: Analytic Solutions
• Gravitational waves of quasi-circular, inspiraling black hole binaries in an ultralight vector dark-matter environment
• Fuzzy dark matter simulations
• Bosonic dark matter halos: excited states and relaxation in the potential of the ground state
• A high-resolution view of the source-plane magnification near cluster caustics in wave dark matter models
• A dense dark matter core of the subhalo in the strong lensing system JVAS B1938+666
• Dynamical reconstruction of SPARC galactic halos within self-interacting fuzzy dark matter
• 3D Vortices and rotating solitons in ultralight dark matter
• Scaling of highly excited Schrödinger-Poisson eigenstates and universality of their rotation curves
• Vortices and rotating solitons in ultralight dark matter
• Interference in Fuzzy Dark Matter Filaments: Idealised Models and Statistics
• Time Delay Anomalies of Fuzzy Gravitational Lenses
• Vortex Lines in Ultralight Bosonic Dark Matter around Rotating Supermassive Black Holes
• Patterns of Gravitational Cooling in Schrodinger Newton System
• Unveiling Orbital Chaos: The Wild Heart of Fuzzy Dark Matter Structures
• Gravitational Waves from Superradiant Cloud Level Transition
• Possible formation mechanism of multistate gravitational atoms
• Segue 2 Recently Collided with the Cetus-Palca Stream: New Opportunities to Constrain Dark Matter in an Ultra-Faint Dwarf
• Wave Dark Matter Non-minimally Coupled to Gravity
• Comparison of two different integration methods for the (1+1)-Dimensional Schrödinger-Poisson Equation
• Duration of Classicality of an inhomogeneous quantum field with repulsive contact self-interactions
• The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures of a Fuzzy Dark Matter Universe
• Tightly bound solitons and vortices in three-dimensional bosonic condensates with the electromagnetically-induced gravity
• Construction of fuzzy dark matter halos with arbitrary initial velocities
• Could primordial galactic Magnetic Fields be generated by Charged Ultra-Light Boson Dark Matter?
• Scaling relations, dynamical heating and tidal disruption in spin $s$ ultralight dark matter models
• The SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey: Constraints on Ultra-light Axion Dark Matter through Galaxy Cluster Number Counts
• On Pulsar Timing Detection of Ultralight Vector Dark Matter
• Constraints on dark matter models from the stellar cores observed in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies: Self-interacting dark matter
• Head-on collisions of fuzzy/cold dark matter subhalos
• Limiting the Yukawa Gravity through the Black Hole Shadows of Sgr A* and M87*
• Self-gravitating clusters of Bose-Einstein gas with planar, cylindrical, or spherical symmetry: gaseous density profiles and onset of condensation
• Dark solitons in a trapped gas of long-range interacting bosons
• Light propagation around a Kerr-like black hole immersed in an inhomogeneous anisotropic plasma in Rastall gravity: Analytical solutions to the equations of motion
• Scalar Field Dark Matter: Impact of Supernovae-driven blowouts on the soliton structure of low mass dark matter halos
• Supplying Dark Energy from Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Fundamental fields around compact objects: Massive spin-2 fields, Superradiant instabilities and Stars with dark matter cores
• Captured molecules could make a Bose star visible
• To observe, or not to observe, quantum-coherent dark matter in the Milky Way, that is a question
• Ultralight Dark Matter from the Edge of Field Space
• Scalar field dark matter with two components: combined approach from particle physics and cosmology
• The Diversity of Core Halo Structure in the Fuzzy Dark Matter Model
• Unified Gas Heating Constraints on Extended Dark Matter Compact Objects
• Nearest neighbour analysis as a new probe for fuzzy dark matter
• Galaxies with Fuzzy Dark Matter
• Constraining Fundamental Constant Variations from Ultralight Dark Matter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Emulating the Non-Linear Matter Power-Spectrum in Mixed Axion Dark Matter Models
• Thermodynamics of self-gravitating fermions as a robust theory for dark matter halos: Stability analysis applied to the Milky Way
• Signal-to-noise-ratio and SNR-max detection statistics in template bank searches for exotic physics transients with networks of quantum sensors
• Constraining Axion Dark Matter with Galactic-Centre Resonant Dynamics
• Evolving Ultralight Scalars into Non-Linearity with Lagrangian Perturbation Theory
• A Relativistic Tensorial Model for Fractional Interaction between Dark Matter and Gravity
• Quantum field theory of axion-photon mixing and vacuum polarization
• Higgs-Induced Screening Mechanisms in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Measuring the boson mass of fuzzy dark matter with stellar proper motions
• A new probe of dark matter-baryon interactions in compact stellar systems
• A Natural Explanation of the VPOS from Multistate Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Equilibrium Core and Vortex Solutions of Bose Einstein Condensate Dark Matter around a Black Hole
• Self-gravitating quantum stars with a globally relevant Bohm potential
• Modeling Solitonic Cores, Stabilization of Bar, and Suppression of Bar Dissolution in DDO 168 via GPP Formalism: A Detailed Analysis of Bose--Einstein Condensate/Fuzzy Dark Matter Halo Structure and Bar Dynamics in the Dwarf Galaxy DDO 168
• Boson dark matter halos with a dominant noncondensed component
• Dark Matter Deficient Galaxies as Probes of Dark Matter
• Tidal disruption of solitons in self-interacting ultralight axion dark matter
• Exploration of simple scenarios involving Fuzzy Dark Matter cores and gas at local scales
• Scalar Field Wave (Fuzzy) Dark Matter and the Formation of Galaxies
• Broken Expectations: The Effects of Modelling Assumptions on the Inferred Dark Matter Distribution in the Milky Way's Satellites
• General-relativistic structure of two-component quantum dark fermion stars
• Effects of Self-Interaction and of an Ideal Gas in Binary Mergers of Bosonic Dark Matter Cores
• Propagating Instability for Wave Dark Matter
• The odd primordial halo of the Milky Way implied by Gaia. A shallow core, but a steep decline
• Fuzzy dark matter soliton core hosting a supermassive black hole as a dense low-mass perturber in strong gravitational lensing
• Time-dependent adaptive mesh refinement solver for the Gross-Pitaevskii-Poisson equations
• Born in the Dark: The Catastrophic Collapse of Fuzzy Dark Matter Solitons as the Origin of Little Red Dots
• $\ell$-Boson stars in anti-de Sitter spacetime
• Rotation curves with the multistate Scalar Field Dark Matter model
• Temporal Correlations Between Fuzzy Dark Matter and Baryonic Matter in Virialized Core-Halo Structures
• Oscillating scalar field as dark matter through the cosmological epochs
• Detecting dark matter substructure with lensed quasars in optical bands
• Fuzzy dark matter dynamical friction: stalling of globular clusters induced by dynamical heatings
• Axion halo around a binary system of dwarf stars
• Nonlinear instability and solitons in a self-gravitating fluid
• CROCODILE-DWARF: Assembly and Kinematics of Field Dwarf Galaxies with GADGET4-OSAKA
• Probing Quadratically Coupled Ultralight Dark Matter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Soliton boson stars, Q-balls and the causal Buchdahl bound
• Uncertainty-Aware Neural Networks for Fuzzy Dark Matter Model Selection from \texorpdfstring{$x_{\mathrm{HI}}$}{x_HI} Measurements
• Lensed stars in galaxy-galaxy strong lensing -- a JWST prediction for the Cosmic Horseshoe
• Probing Bosonic Overdensities with Optomechanical Sensing
• Self-similar kinetics for gravitational Bose-Einstein condensation
• Piercing of a boson star by a black hole