Frequency ratio of Yb and Sr clocks with $5\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty at 150 s averaging time

Abstract

Transition frequencies of atoms and ions are among the most accurately accessible quantities in nature, playing important roles in pushing the frontiers of science by testing fundamental laws of physics, in addition to a wide range of applications such as satellite navigation systems. Atomic clocks based on optical transitions approach uncertainties of $10^{-18}$, where full frequency descriptions are far beyond the reach of the SI second. Frequency ratios of such super clocks, on the other hand, are not subject to this limitation. They can therefore verify consistency and overall accuracy for an ensemble of super clocks, an essential step towards a redefinition of the second. However, with the measurement stabilities so far reported for such frequency ratios, a confirmation to $1\times 10^{-18}$ uncertainty would require an averaging time $\tau$ of multiple months. Here we report a measurement of the frequency ratio of neutral ytterbium and strontium clocks with a much improved stability of $4\times 10^{-16}(\tau /s{)}^{-1/2}$. Enabled by the high stability of optical lattice clocks interrogating hundreds of atoms, this marks a 90-fold reduction in the required averaging time over a previous record-setting experiment that determined the ratio of Al+ and Hg+ single-ion clocks to an uncertainty of $5.2\times 10^{-17}$. For the Yb/Sr ratio, we find R = 1.207 507 039 343 337 749(55), with a fractional uncertainty of $4.6\times 10^{-17}$.

19 pages, 5 figures

References in corpus (18)

• Cosmic Structure as the Quantum Interference of a Coherent Dark Wave
• Systematic evaluation of an atomic clock at 2e-18 total uncertainty
• Sr lattice clock at 1x10^{-16} fractional uncertainty by remote optical evaluation with a Ca clock
• Frequency ratio of two optical clock transitions in ${}^{171}$Yb${}^{+}$ and constraints on the time-variation of fundamental constants
• Searching for dilaton dark matter with atomic clocks
• Improved limit on a temporal variation of $m_p/m_e$ from comparisons of Yb${}^{+}$ and Cs atomic clocks
• 8E-17 fractional laser frequency instability with a long room-temperature cavity
• Search for ultralight scalar dark matter with atomic spectroscopy
• Optical Lattice Induced Light Shifts in an Yb Atomic Clock
• High accuracy correction of blackbody radiation shift in an optical lattice clock
• An atomic clock with $1\times 10^{-18}$ room-temperature blackbody Stark uncertainty
• Improved frequency measurement of a one-dimensional optical lattice clock with a spin-polarized fermionic ${}^{87}$Sr isotope
• Frequency ratios of Sr, Yb and Hg based optical lattice clocks and their applications
• Direct comparison of a Ca+ single ion clock against a Sr optical lattice clock
• Strategies for reducing the light shift in atomic clocks
• Frequency ratio measurement of 171Yb and 87Sr optical lattice clocks
• Spin-1/2 Optical Lattice Clock
• Frequency Ratio of ${}^{199}$Hg and ${}^{87}$Sr Optical Lattice Clocks beyond the SI Limit

Cited by in corpus (89)

• Search for New Physics with Atoms and Molecules
• 20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications
• Atomic clock performance beyond the geodetic limit
• Geodesy and metrology with a transportable optical clock
• Ultra-stable optical clock with two cold-atom ensembles
• Atomic Clocks for Geodesy
• A transportable optical lattice clock with $7\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty
• Search for light scalar dark matter with atomic gravitational wave detectors
• Operational Magic Intensity for Sr Optical Lattice Clocks
• Hyperpolarizability and operational magic wavelength in an optical lattice clock
• Molecular lattice clock with long vibrational coherence
• Additional clock transitions in neutral ytterbium bring new possibilities for testing physics beyond the Standard Model
• Comparing a mercury optical lattice clock with microwave and optical frequency standards
• A small weak scale from a small cosmological constant
• Narrow-line Cooling and Determination of Magic Wavelength of Cd
• Heisenberg-limited noisy atomic clock using a hybrid coherent and squeezed states protocol
• Evaluation of lattice light shift at low 10${}^{-19}$ uncertainty for a shallow lattice Sr optical clock
• Ramsey-Bordé matter-wave interferometry for laser frequency stabilization at $10^{-16}$ frequency instability and below
• Lattice-induced photon scattering in an optical lattice clock
• Absolute frequency measurement of the 1S0 - 3P0 transition of 171Yb
• Engineering Quantum States of Matter for Atomic Clocks in Shallow Optical Lattices
• Optical frequency ratio of a ${}^{171}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ single-ion clock and a ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ lattice clock
• The unit of time: present and future directions
• A strontium optical lattice clock with $1\times 10^{-17}$ uncertainty and measurement of its absolute frequency
• Dicke superradiance in ordered arrays of multilevel atoms
• Observation of non-linearity of generalized King plot in the search for new boson
• Continuous guided strontium beam with high phase-space density
• Single-ion, transportable optical atomic clocks
• Improved Absolute Frequency Measurement of the 171Yb Optical Lattice Clock at KRISS Relative to the SI Second
• Ramsey Spectroscopy with Displaced Frequency Jumps
• Absolute frequency measurement of the 171Yb optical lattice clock at KRISS using TAI for over a year
• A terahertz vibrational molecular clock with systematic uncertainty at the $10^{-14}$ level
• Demonstration of the nearly continuous operation of an ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock for half a year
• All-polarization-maintaining, single-port Er:fiber comb for high-stability comparison of optical lattice clocks
• Probing Time Dilation in Coulomb Crystals in a high-precision Ion Trap
• Studying fundamental limit of optical fiber links to $10^{-21}$ level
• Modeling light shifts in optical lattice clocks
• Absolute frequency of ${}^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ at $1.8\times 10^{-16}$ uncertainty by reference to remote Primary Frequency Standards
• Precise determination of the isotope shift of ${}^{88}$Sr - ${}^{87}$Sr optical lattice clock by sharing perturbations
• Optical Atomic Clock Comparison through Turbulent Air
• Fast and scalable quantum information processing with two-electron atoms in optical tweezer arrays
• Robust optical clock transitions in trapped ions
• Limits on gravitational Einstein Equivalence Principle violation from monitoring atomic clock frequencies during a year
• Reduction of light shifts in Ramsey spectroscopy with a combined error signal
• Uncertainty evaluation of an ${}^{171}$Yb optical lattice clock at NMIJ
• Sub-recoil clock-transition laser cooling enabling shallow optical lattice clocks
• Second harmonic generation at 399 nm resonant on the ${}^1{S}_0{-}^1{P}_1$ transition of ytterbium using a periodically poled LiNbO${}_3$ waveguide
• Frequency ratio of an ${}^{115}$In${}^{+}$ ion clock and a ${}^{87}$Sr optical lattice clock
• Time keeping and searching for new physics using metastable states of Cu, Ag and Au
• Faraday-shielded, DC Stark-free optical lattice clock
• Hyperfine constants and line separations for the ${}^1{S}_0-{}^3{P}_1$ intercombination line in neutral ytterbium with sub-Doppler resolution
• Prospects of a Pb${}^{2+}$ ion clock
• Quadruply Ionized Barium as a Candidate for a High-Accuracy Optical Clock
• Improved Frequency Ratio Measurement with 87Sr and 171Yb Optical Lattice Clocks at NMIJ
• Dual-Mode Operation of an Optical Lattice Clock Using Strontium and Ytterbium Atoms
• Frequency measurement of the ${}^1{\mathrm{S}}_0,F=5/2\leftrightarrow {}^3{\mathrm{P}}_1,F=7/2$ transition of ${}^{27}$Al${}^{+}$ via quantum logic spectroscopy with ${}^{40}$Ca${}^{+}$
• MCDHF-CI calculations for Hg and Cd with estimates for unknown clock transition frequencies
• Inverted crossover resonance aiding laser cooling of ${}^{171}$Yb
• Fine-structure transitions as a tool for studying variation of alpha at high redshifts
• A frequency-stabilized light source at 399 nm using an Yb hollow-cathode lamp
• Quantum simulating the electron transport in quantum cascade laser structures
• Influence of cosmological expansion in local experiments
• Optical pumping of ${5s4d}^1{\mathrm{D}}_2$ strontium atoms for laser cooling and imaging
• Improved absolute clock stability by the joint interrogation of two atomic states
• Absolute frequency measurements of the ${}^1{\mathrm{S}}_0\to {}^1{\mathrm{P}}_1$ transition in ytterbium
• Evaluation of the blackbody radiation shift of an Yb optical lattice clock at KRISS
• Photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold ${}^{173}$Yb atoms near the intercombination line
• Losses of thulium atoms from optical dipole traps operating at 532 and 1064 nm
• Advanced Satellite-based Frequency Transfer at the 10^{-16} Level
• Optimization of laser dynamics for active stabilization of DF--VECSELs dedicated to cesium CPT clocks
• Observation of the $4f^{14}6s^2{}^1{S}_0-4f^{13}5d6s^2(J=2)$ clock transition at 431 nm in ${}^{171}$Yb
• An inverted crossover resonance within one Zeeman manifold
• Intercombination line frequencies in ${}^{171}$Yb validated with the clock transition
• Bose-Einstein condensate as a diagnostic tool for an optical lattice formed by 1064 nm laser light
• Generation of a microresonator soliton comb via current modulation of a DFB laser
• Towards Adoption of an Optical Second: Verifying Optical Clocks at the SI Limit
• Decomposed description of Ramsey spectra under atomic interactions
• Analyzing the optical pumping on the $5s4d{}^1{D}_2-5s8p{}^1{P}_1$ transition in a magneto-optical trap of Sr atoms
• Limitation of single-repumping schemes for laser cooling of Sr atoms
• Determining the ${}^3$P${}_0$ excited-state tune-out wavelength of ${}^{174}$Yb in a triple-magic lattice
• Simulation of optical lattice trap loading from a cold atomic ensemble
• International Optical Clock Comparison Using the European Optical Fiber Network
• Isotope-agnostic motional ground-state cooling of neutral Yb atoms
• Direct loading of a Sr magneto-optical trap from a thermal atomic beam
• Prospects for optical clocks combining high sensitivity to new physics with insensitivity to perturbations; the case of Sb${}^{+}$, Au${}^{+}$, and Hg${}^{2+}$
• Real-time programmable mode-locked fiber laser with a human-like algorithm
• Optimization of the sensitivity of a temperature sensor based on germanium-vacancy color center (GeV) in diamond
• Offset sideband locking to iodine for laser cooling on the ${}^1{\mathrm{S}}_0\to {}^3{\mathrm{P}}_1$ transition of ${}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$
• Direct Measurement of the $5s5p{}^1{P}_1\to 5s4d{}^1{D}_2$ Decay Rate in Strontium