Observation of non-linearity of generalized King plot in the search for new boson

Abstract

We measure isotope shifts for neutral Yb isotopes on an ultranarrow optical clock transition ${}^1{\text{S}}_0{-}^3{\text{P}}_0$ with an accuracy of a few Hz. The part-per-billion precise measurement was possible by loading the ultracold atoms into a three-dimensional magic-wavelength optical lattice and alternately interrogating the isotope pairs, thus minimizing the effects due to the optical lattice light-shift and inter-atomic interaction as well as the drifts of a clock laser frequency and a magnetic field. The determined isotope shifts, combined with one of the recently reported isotope-shift measurements of Yb${}^{+}$ on two optical transitions, allow us to construct the King plots. Extremely large nonlinearity with the corresponding ${\chi }^2$ on the order of $10^4$ is revealed, and is not explained by a quadratic field shift. We further carry out the generalized King plot for three optical transitions so that we can eliminate the contribution arising from a higher-order effect within the Standard Model which might explain the observed nonlinearity of King plots for two transitions. Our analysis of the generalized King plot shows a deviation from linearity at the 3$\sigma$ level, indicating that there exist at least two higher order contributions in the measured isotope shifts. Then, under the reasonable assumption to attribute them to higher-order field shifts within the Standard Model, we obtain the upper bound of the product of the couplings for a new boson mediating a force between electrons, and neutrons $|y_e{y}_n|/(\hslash c)<1\times 10^{-10}$ for the mass less than 1 keV with the 95% confidence level is derived, providing an important step towards probing new physics via isotope-shift spectroscopy.

arXiv comment15 pages, 8 figures

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• Searching for New Fundamental Interactions via Isotopic Shifts in Molecular Lattice Clocks
• Hyperfine structure and isotope shifts of the ${}^1{P}_1\leftarrow {}^1{S}_0$ transition in atomic zinc
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• High-resolution spectroscopy of barium monofluoride: Odd isotopologues, hyperfine structure and isotope shifts
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• Quantum Sensing Using Atomic Clocks for Nuclear and Particle Physics
• The dual King relation
• Nuclear spin quenching of the ${}^2{S}_{1/2}\to {}^2{F}_{7/2}$ electric octupole transition in ${}^{173}$Yb${}^{+}$
• Laser-cooling Cadmium Bosons and Fermions with Near Ultraviolet Triplet Excitations
• Fermion selective tests of new physics with the bound electron g-factor