How Much do Heavy Quarks Thermalize in a Heavy Ion Collision?

Abstract

We investigate the thermalization of charm quarks in high energy heavy ion collisions. To this end, we calculate the diffusion coefficient in the perturbative Quark Gluon Plasma and relate it to collisional energy loss and momentum broadening. We then use these transport properties to formulate a Langevin model for the evolution of the heavy quark spectrum in the hot medium. The model is strictly valid in the non-relativistic limit and for all velocities $γv < \alphas^{-1/2}$ to leading logarithm in $T/m_D$. The corresponding Fokker-Planck equation can be solved analytically for a Bjorken expansion and the solution gives a simple estimate for the medium modifications of the heavy quark spectrum as a function of the diffusion coefficient. Finally we solve the Langevin equations numerically in a hydrodynamic simulation of the heavy ion reaction. The results of this simulation are the medium modifications of the charm spectrum $R_{AA}$ and the expected elliptic flow $v_2(p_T)$ as a function of the diffusion coefficient.

34 pages, 9 figures. Inculdes a detailed comparison with Boltzmann simulations

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• Temperature Dependence of Heavy Quark Diffusion from (2+1)-flavor Lattice QCD
• Gluon contribution to open heavy-meson production in heavy-ion collisions
• Dynamics of heavy flavour in a weakly magnetized hot QCD medium
• Unraveling collisional energy loss of a heavy quark in quark-gluon plasma
• Non-Fermi liquid behavior of the drag and diffusion coefficients in QED plasma
• Production of Charm Quarks in a Parton Cascade Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$= 200 GeV
• Electron-muon correlation as a new probe to strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma
• Propagation of non-linear waves in hot, ideal, and non-extensive quark-gluon plasma
• Jet Quenching in Heavy-Ion Collisions - The Transition Era from RHIC to LHC
• Effective Field Theories of QCD for Heavy Quarkonia at Finite Temperature
• Response of a baryon-charged medium to energetic partons
• Langevin dynamics of heavy quarks in a soft-hard factorized approach
• Langevin simulation of dark matter kinetic equilibration
• Empirical determination of charm quark energy loss and its consequences for azimuthal anisotropy
• Theory and Phenomenology of Heavy Flavor at RHIC
• Sequential bottomonium production at high temperatures
• Formation, dissociation and regeneration of charmonia within microscopic Langevin simulations
• Heavy-quark azimuthal momentum correlations as a sensitive probe of thermalization
• Dynamics of Heavy Quarks in Strongly Coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Plasma
• Overview of charm production at RHIC
• Initial conditions of bulk matter in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions
• Anisotropic Flow and Jet Quenching in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Understanding the QCD medium by the diffusion of charm quarks using a Color String Percolation Model
• B-mesons as essential probes of hot QCD matter
• Anomalous diffusion of the heavy quarks through the fractional Langevin equation
• Open quantum system approach for heavy quark thermalization
• Heavy Flavor Suppression: Boltzmann vs Langevin
• Study of the heavy quarks energy loss through medium polarization, elastic collision and radiative processes
• Theory of heavy-quarks contribution to the quark-gluon plasma viscosity
• Heavy quark diffusion and radiation at intermediate momentum
• Heavy quark energy loss and thermalization in hot and dense nuclear matter
• Recent results from parton cascade and microscopic transport
• Electron response to radiation under linear acceleration: classical, QED and accelerated frame predictions
• INFN What Next: Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Charm and beauty isolation from heavy flavor decay electrons in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV at LHC
• Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient in 3D gluon plasma
• Elliptic Flow of Heavy-Flavor Decay Electrons in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 27 and 54.4 GeV at RHIC
• Heavy quark dynamics via Gribov-Zwanziger approach
• Photon bremsstrahlung from quark jet via transverse and longitudinal scatterings: single versus multiple scatterings
• Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Strongly interacting matter in extreme magnetic fields
• Heavy quark suppression and anisotropic flow at intermediate momentum
• Nonperturbative heavy quark diffusion coefficients in a weakly magnetized thermal QCD medium
• Jet-dilepton conversion in expanding quark-gluon plasma
• Statistical analysis of pQCD energy loss across system size, flavor, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$, and $p_T$
• Explaining the fine hierarchy in pion and kaon suppression at LHC: Importance of fragmentation functions
• Zeroing in on jet quenching: a PHENIX perspective
• Heavy quark dynamics in the QGP: R_AA and v_2 from RHIC to LHC
• Production and elliptic flow of heavy quarks at RHIC and LHC within a partonic transport model
• Spectral reconstruction details of a gradient-flowed color-electric correlator
• Energy loss of heavy quarkonia in hot QCD plasmas
• Subdiffusion of heavy quark in hot QCD matter by the fractional Langevin equation
• D-meson diffusion in hadronic matter
• Intermediate mass dileptons in relativistic nuclear collisions
• Effect of Coriolis Force on Diffusion of D Meson
• Azimuthal angle correlations of muons produced via heavy-flavor decays in 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb and $pp$ collisions with the ATLAS detector
• D mesons in non-central heavy-ion collisions: fluctuating vs. averaged initial conditions
• Reexamining charm versus bottom quark energy loss inside a color-deconfined medium
• In-medium effects in the holographic quark-gluon plasma
• Effect of magnetic screening mass on the diffusion of heavy quarks
• Measurement of the nuclear modification factor for muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Heavy Quark Diffusion and Lattice Correlators
• Probing Dense Partonic Matter at RHIC
• Heavy Quark and Quarkonium Transport in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Jet transport coefficients by elastic and radiative scatterings in the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma
• Soft-hard factorization of heavy-quark transport in QCD matter at finite chemical potential
• What's the matter at RHIC?
• Heavy-quark dynamics in a hydrodynamically evolving medium
• Signatures of thermalized charm quarks in all charged flow observables
• Transport phenomena with chiral fermions in strong magnetic fields
• Hotter, Denser, Faster, Smaller...and Nearly-Perfect: What's the matter at RHIC?
• SQM 2006: Theory Summary and Perspectives
• Prompt production of D mesons with ALICE at the LHC
• Understanding mass hierarchy in collisional energy loss through heavy flavor data
• Longitudinal dependence of B and D meson nuclear modifications in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• Thermal Field Theory in the Presence of a Background Magnetic Field and its Application to QCD
• Collisional and radiative energy loss in small systems
• Gauge/gravity duality and jets in strongly coupled plasma
• Transport Theory of Heavy Flavor in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Collisional energy loss and the suppression of high $p_T$ hadrons
• The R_AA and v_2 of muons from heavy-quark decays in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Perturbative and nonperturbative properties of heavy quark transport in a thermal SU(3) gluon plasma
• Emergent Viscous Hydrodynamics From a Single Quantum Particle
• Production of Strange and Charm Hadrons in Pb+Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.02 TeV
• Photons from jet - plasma interaction in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Spectral function for overoccupied gluodynamics from classical lattice simulations
• Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient from the lattice
• Effect of running coupling on photons from jet - plasma interaction in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Summary of Experimental Results: Photons, Leptons and Heavy Quarks
• Measurement of prompt ${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{s}}^{+}$-meson production and azimuthal anisotropy in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Cold nuclear matter effects on the color singlet J/psi production in d-Au collisions at RHIC
• A random walk with heavy flavours
• Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient during hydrodynamization via effective kinetic theory
• Partonic transport model application to heavy flavor
• Recent Heavy-Flavor Results from STAR
• Non-perturbative heavy quark diffusion coefficients in arbitrarily magnetized quark-gluon plasma
• Heavy quark polarization anisotropy as a novel probe of fireball geometry
• Heavy-quark Langevin dynamics and single-electron spectra in nucleus-nucleus collision
• Heavy quarks and the collective properties of hot QCD
• Langevin dynamics of heavy flavors in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Energy loss of heavy-flavor quarks in color string medium
• Elliptic flow of heavy-flavour decay electrons in Pb-Pb collision at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV with ALICE
• Probing collectivity in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision by leptons and photons
• Anisotropy effects on heavy quark dynamics in Gribov modified gluon plasma
• Non-Markovian dynamics of bottomonia in the QGP
• Early times and thermalization in heavy ion collisions: a summary of experimental results for photons, light vector mesons, open and hidden heavy flavors
• Universal Equilibration Condition for Heavy Quarks
• Impact of momentum-dependent drag coefficient on energy loss of charm and bottom quarks in QGP
• Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of Heavy Quarks
• Charm hadrons above $T_c$
• Heavy flavour in high-energy nuclear collisions: theory overview of transport calculations
• An Effective Field Theory study of medium heavy quark evolution
• Contrasting Features of Parton Energy Loss in Heavy-ion Collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• Heavy quark diffusion coefficient during hydrodynamization -- non-equilibrium vs. equilibrium
• Thermal quench of a dynamical QCD model in an external electric field
• How hadron collider experiments contributed to the development of QCD: from hard-scattering to the perfect liquid
• Event shape Engineering analysis of D meson in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
• Viscosity of High Energy Nuclear Fluids
• Transport coefficients of heavy quarkonia comparing with heavy quark coefficients
• D meson sensitivity to a system size scan at LHC
• Road map to extracting medium properties: an overview
• Heavy Quarks and Heavy Quarkonia as Tests of Thermalization
• The Wake of a Heavy Quark in Non-Abelian Plasmas : Comparing Kinetic Theory and the AdS/CFT Correspondence
• Yield and suppression of electrons from open heavy-flavor decays in heavy-ion collisions