Heavy quark dynamics and hadronization in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions: collisional versus radiative energy loss

Abstract

We study the dynamics of energy loss and flow of heavy quarks produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions within the framework of a Langevin equation coupled to a (2+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model that simulates the space-time evolution of the produced hot and dense QCD matter. The classical Langevin approach is improved such that, apart from quasi-elastic scatterings, radiative energy loss is incorporated by treating gluon radiation as an additional force term. The hadronization of emitted heavy quarks is simulated via a hybrid fragmentation plus recombination model. Our calculation shows significant contribution from gluon radiation to heavy quark energy loss at high energies, and we find the recombination mechanism is important for heavy flavor meson production at intermediate energies. We present numerical results for the nuclear modification and elliptic flow of D mesons, which are consistent with measurements at both LHC and RHIC; predictions for B mesons are also provided.

11 pages, 17 figures

References in corpus (14)

• PYTHIA 6.4 Physics and Manual
• Suppression of elliptic flow in a minimally viscous quark-gluon plasma
• Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
• Nonperturbative Heavy-Quark Diffusion in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Radiative and Collisional Jet Energy Loss in the Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC
• Heavy-flavour spectra in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Open heavy flavor in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s)=2.76 TeV within a transport model
• Heavy Quark Diffusion with Relativistic Langevin Dynamics in the Quark-Gluon Fluid
• $\varphi$ and $\Omega$ production in relativistic heavy ion collisions in a dynamical quark coalescence model
• Parton energy loss in an expanding quark-gluon plasma: Radiative vs collisional
• Thermal Charm Production in Quark-Gluon Plasma at LHC
• The Phenomenology of Elastic Energy Loss
• Elliptic flow of deuterons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy Quark Production from Jet Conversions in a Quark-Gluon Plasma

Cited by in corpus (161)

• Heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in the LHC era: from proton-proton to heavy-ion collisions
• Jet quenching in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Linearized Boltzmann transport model for jet propagation in the quark-gluon plasma: Heavy quark evolution
• Extraction of Heavy-Flavor Transport Coefficients in QCD Matter
• Observation of $D^0$ meson nuclear modifications in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Tomography of the Quark-Gluon-Plasma by Charm Quarks
• Charmed Hadrons from Coalescence plus Fragmentation in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC and LHC
• Open Heavy Flavor in QCD Matter and in Nuclear Collisions
• Energy loss, hadronization and hadronic interactions of heavy flavors in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Towards the determination of heavy-quark transport coefficients in quark-gluon plasma
• Transverse momentum dependence of D-meson production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Charm production in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider energy
• Jet quenching and medium response in high-energy heavy-ion collisions: a review
• Azimuthal anisotropy of D meson production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Heavy and light flavor jet quenching at RHIC and LHC energies
• A data-driven analysis for the temperature and momentum dependence of the heavy quark diffusion coefficient in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Determining the jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ from inclusive hadron suppression measurements using Bayesian parameter estimation
• A linearized Boltzmann--Langevin model for heavy quark transport in hot and dense QCD matter
• D-meson azimuthal anisotropy in mid-central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{{\mathbf{s}}_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Heavy-flavor production and medium properties in high-energy nuclear collisions - What next?
• Elliptic and triangular flow of heavy flavor in heavy-ion collisions
• Multistage Monte-Carlo simulation of jet modification in a static medium
• Heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider: a review of the results from Run 1
• Full jet evolution in quark-gluon plasma and nuclear modification of jet production and jet shape in Pb+Pb collisions at 2.76 ATeV at the LHC
• New feature of low $p_T$ charm quark hadronization in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV
• Elastic and radiative heavy quark interactions in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Transverse-momentum and event-shape dependence of D-meson flow harmonics in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV
• Cracking the difference of estimating heavy quark transport coefficients in a Quark-Gluon Plasma
• A modified-Boltzmann approach for modeling the hot QCD medium-induce splitting vertices in the deep LPM region
• Cumulants and nonlinear response of high $p_T$ harmonic flow at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV
• Interplay of drag by hot matter and electromagnetic force on the directed flow of heavy quarks
• Charmed hadron chemistry in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Effect of pre-equilibrium phase on $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ of heavy quarks in heavy ion collisions
• Flavor hierarchy of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Nuclear modification of jet shape for inclusive jets and $\gamma$-jets at the LHC energies
• Single electron yields from semileptonic charm and bottom hadron decays in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Propagation of heavy baryons in heavy-ion collisions
• Fluctuating Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Strongly-Coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
• Measurement of D${}_s^{+}$ production and nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• DAB-MOD sensitivity study of heavy flavor $R_{AA}$ and azimuthal anisotropies based on beam energy, initial conditions, hadronization, and suppression mechanisms
• Bottomonium Continuous Production from Unequilibrium Bottom Quarks in Ultrarelativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• Modeling of heavy-flavor pair correlations in Au-Au collisions at 200 A GeV at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Measurement of the production of high-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Exploring non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma effects on charm transport coefficients
• X(3872) Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Data-driven extraction of heavy quark diffusion in quark-gluon plasma
• Diffusion of charm quarks in jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Toward a consistent evolution of the quark-gluon plasma and heavy quarks
• Measurement of the suppression and azimuthal anisotropy of muons from heavy-flavor decays in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Observation of $D_s^{\pm }/D^0$ enhancement in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 200 GeV
• Transverse Momentum Balance and Angular Distribution of $b\bar{b}$ Dijets in Pb+Pb collisions
• An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: hard probes
• Transport coefficients of heavy quarks around $T_c$ at finite quark chemical potential
• Probing the initial longitudinal density profile and electromagnetic field in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with heavy quarks
• Heavy quark dynamics in a hot magnetized QCD medium
• Heavy quark transport in an anisotropic hot QCD medium: Collisional and Radiative processes
• A study of charm quark dynamics in quark-gluon plasma with 3+1 D viscous hydrodynamics
• Event-shape engineering for the D-meson elliptic flow in mid-central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Production of single-charm hadrons by quark combination mechanism in $p$-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV
• Heavy quark diffusion in pre-equilibrium stage of heavy ion collisions
• QLBT: A linear Boltzmann transport model for heavy quarks in a quark-gluon plasma of quasi-particles
• Electromagnetic Radiation in Hot QCD Matter: Rates, Electric Conductivity, Flavor Susceptibility and Diffusion
• Heavy quark radiation in an anisotropic hot QCD medium
• Open charm phenomenology with a multi-stage approach to relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy-ion physics at the LHC: Review of Run I results
• Scaling behaviors of heavy flavor meson suppression and flow in different nuclear collision systems at the LHC
• Jet charge in high energy nuclear collisions
• Heavy quark transport coefficients in a viscous QCD medium with collisional and radiative processes
• Production of open-charm mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Searching for QGP droplets with high-$p_T$ hadrons and heavy flavor
• Charm and Bottom Hadrons in Hot Hadronic Matter
• Energy Loss Versus Energy Gain of Heavy Quarks in a Hot Medium
• Measurements of low-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$ electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays at mid-rapidity in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Heavy flavor quenching and flow: the roles of initial condition, pre-equilibrium evolution and in-medium interaction
• Dragging heavy quark in an anisotropic QCD medium beyond the static limit
• Tests of the Quark-Gluon Plasma Coupling Strength at Early Times with Heavy Quarks
• Drag Induced Radiation and Multi-Stage Effects in Heavy-Flavor Energy Loss
• Radial profile of bottom quarks in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Production of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV
• Jet transport and photon bremsstrahlung via longitudinal and transverse scattering
• Heavy quark collisional energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma including finite relaxation time
• Dynamics of heavy flavor quarks in high energy nuclear collisions
• Effect of medium recoil and $p_T$ broadening on single inclusive jet suppression in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Impact of momentum-space anisotropy on heavy quark dynamics in a QGP medium
• Modifications of Heavy-Flavor Spectra in $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=62.4\mathrm{GeV}$ Au-Au Collisions
• Bottom energy loss and non-prompt $J/\psi$ production in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Measurement of D-meson azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au 200 GeV collisions at RHIC
• Heavy-Flavour Jets in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Yield correlations and $p_T$ dependence of charm hadrons in Pb + Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• Heavy flavor angular correlations as a direct probe of the glasma
• The Influence of Initial State Fluctuations on Heavy Quark Energy Loss in Relativistic Heavy-ion Collisions
• Traces of non-equilibrium effects, initial condition, bulk dynamics and elementary collisions in the charm observables
• Soft gluon emission from heavy quark scattering in strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma
• Probing the in-medium $P_T$-broadening by $\gamma$+HF angular de-correlations
• Dynamical Evolution, Hadronization and Angular De-correlation of Heavy Flavor in a Hot and Dense QCD Medium
• Exploring the properties of the phases of QCD matter - research opportunities and priorities for the next decade
• Elliptic flow of hadrons in equal-velocity quark combination mechanism in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Longitudinal momentum fraction of heavy-flavor mesons in jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Measurement of Non-prompt ${\mathrm{D}}^0$-meson Elliptic Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Charm-strange meson production in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN-LHC energies
• A data-driven analysis of the heavy quark transport coefficient
• Elliptic flow as a probe for $\psi (2S)$ production mechanism in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Measurement of D${}^{+}$ meson production in p-Pb collisions with the ALICE detector
• Classical model for diffusion and thermalization of heavy quarks in a hot medium: memory and out-of-equilibrium effects
• Hydrodynamic description of $D$ meson production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Overall momentum balance and redistribution of the lost energy in asymmetric dijet events in 2.76~ATeV Pb-Pb collisions with a multi-phase transport model
• Heavy Flavor Dynamics in QGP and Hadron Gas
• Heavy-flavor observables at RHIC and LHC
• The impact of glasma on heavy flavor azimuthal correlations and spectra
• $Z^0$ boson associated b-jet production in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Persistent nonequilibrium effects in generalized Langevin dynamics of nonrelativistic and relativistic particles
• Radial distribution of charm quarks in jets in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
• Heavy-flavour production and nuclear modification factor in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$=2.76 TeV with ALICE
• Charmonium Transverse Momentum Distribution in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Machine learning approach to analyze heavy quark diffusion coefficient in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Elliptic flow and $R_{AA}$ of D mesons at FAIR comparing the UrQMD hybrid model and the coarse-graining approach
• Multi-particle correlations, cumulants, and moments sensitive to fluctuations in rare-probe azimuthal anisotropy in heavy ion collisions
• Longitudinal dependence of open heavy flavor $R_{\text{AA}}$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Revisiting heavy quark radiative energy loss in nuclei within the high-twist approach
• Production of Charm Quarks in a Parton Cascade Model for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}$= 200 GeV
• Charm energy loss and D-D correlations from a shower picture
• Gluon contribution to open heavy-meson production in heavy-ion collisions
• Unraveling collisional energy loss of a heavy quark in quark-gluon plasma
• Dynamics of Heavy Quarks in Strongly Coupled $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM Plasma
• Formation, dissociation and regeneration of charmonia within microscopic Langevin simulations
• Exploring Spin Polarization of Heavy Quarks in Magnetic Fields and Hot Medium
• The different energy loss mechanisms of inclusive and b-tagged reconstructed jets within ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Anisotropic Flow and Jet Quenching in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Heavy Flavor Measurements at STAR
• Medium-induced gluon emission via transverse and longitudinal scattering in dense nuclear matter
• Theory of Jet Quenching in Ultra-Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Heavy quark diffusion and radiation at intermediate momentum
• Open quantum system approach for heavy quark thermalization
• Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Photon bremsstrahlung from quark jet via transverse and longitudinal scatterings: single versus multiple scatterings
• Overview of recent results from the STAR experiment
• INFN What Next: Ultra-relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Charm and beauty isolation from heavy flavor decay electrons in p+p and Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV at LHC
• D mesons in non-central heavy-ion collisions: fluctuating vs. averaged initial conditions
• Subdiffusion of heavy quark in hot QCD matter by the fractional Langevin equation
• Effect of magnetic screening mass on the diffusion of heavy quarks
• Interactions between heavy quarks and tilted QGP fireballs in 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions
• Heavy Quark and Quarkonium Transport in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
• Toward a simultaneous description of $R_{AA}$ and $v_2$ for heavy quarks
• Transport Theory of Heavy Flavor in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
• Longitudinal dependence of B and D meson nuclear modifications in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC
• The R_AA and v_2 of muons from heavy-quark decays in Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Heavy-flavour transport: from large to small systems
• Production of leptons from decay of heavy-flavor hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Measurement of D-meson production in pp, p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC with the ALICE detector
• D-meson production via sequential hadronization in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Study of Heavy Hadron Production in Au + Au Collisions at a Center-of-Mass Energy of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV
• Heavy flavor production in the STAR experiment
• Collective excitations in the hot QCD medium and the propagation of Heavy Quarks
• Heavy-quark production and elliptic flow in Au$+$Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=62.4$ GeV
• Mid-rapidity D-meson production in pp, Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions at the LHC
• Exploring parameter dependence of heavy-flavor dynamics in small collision systems
• Partonic transport model application to heavy flavor
• Jet modifications in event-by-event hydrodynamically evolving media
• Anisotropic flows of charmonium in the relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Centrality dependence of nuclear suppression of D mesons in $p$+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV