An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: hard probes

Abstract

The first collisions of lead nuclei, delivered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the end of 2010, at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 2.76 TeV, marked the beginning of a new era in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion physics. The study of the properties of the produced hot and dense strongly-interacting matter at these unprecedented energies is currently experimentally pursued by all four big LHC experiments, ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb. The more than a factor 10 increase of collision energy at LHC, relative to the previously achieved maximal energy at other collider facilities, results in an increase of production rates of hard probes. This review presents selected experimental results focusing on observables probing hard processes in heavy-ion collisions delivered during the first three years of the LHC operation. It also presents the first results from Run 2 heavy-ion data at the highest energy, as well as from the studies of the reference pp and pPb systems, which are an integral part of the heavy-ion programme.

Invited review paper, 18 pages

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• An overview of experimental results from ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the CERN LHC: bulk properties and dynamical evolution
• Revisit to electrical and thermal conductivities, Lorenz number and Knudsen number in thermal QCD in a strong magnetic field
• Measurement of substructure-dependent jet suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector
• Some Aspects of the Theory of Heavy Ion Collisions
• Distributed Simulation and Visualization of The ALICE Detector Magnetic Field
• Exploring sQGP and Small Systems
• How cross section fluctuations affect multiplicity and geometry in pA collisions
• Implications of correlations and fluctuations in small systems