The progenitors of compact-object binaries: impact of metallicity, common envelope and natal kicks

Abstract

Six gravitational wave events have been reported by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration (LVC), five of them associated with black hole binary (BHB) mergers and one with a double neutron star (DNS) merger, while the coalescence of a black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binary is still missing. We investigate the progenitors of double compact object binaries with our population-synthesis code MOBSE. MOBSE includes advanced prescriptions for mass loss by stellar winds (depending on metallicity and on the Eddington ratio) and a formalism for core-collapse, electron-capture and (pulsational) pair instability supernovae. We investigate the impact of progenitor's metallicity, of the common-envelope parameter $\alpha$ and of the natal kicks on the properties of DNSs, BHNSs and BHBs. We find that neutron-star (NS) masses in DNSs span from 1.1 to 2.0 M${}_{\odot }$, with a preference for light NSs, while NSs in merging BHNSs have mostly large masses ($1.3-2.0$ M${}_{\odot }$). BHs in merging BHNSs are preferentially low mass ($5-15$ M${}_{\odot }$). BH masses in merging BHBs strongly depend on the progenitor's metallicity and span from $\sim 5$ to $\sim 45$ M${}_{\odot }$. The local merger rate density of both BHNSs and BHBs derived from our simulations is consistent with the values reported by the LVC in all our simulations. In contrast, the local merger rate density of DNSs matches the value inferred from the LVC only if low natal kicks are assumed. This result adds another piece to the intricate puzzle of natal kicks and DNS formation.

arXiv comment22 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, published in MNRAS, We corrected a bug in the script for producing table 2 and figure 15

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• Wolf-Rayet -- compact object binaries as progenitors of binary compact objects
• Populations of ultraluminous X-ray sources in galaxies: origin and evolution
• Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses
• Unveiling the nature of the Einstein Probe transient EP 241021a
• Cosmology with Binary Neutron Stars: Does Mass-Redshift Correlation Matter?
• Luminous Fast Blue Optical Transients as "Failed" Gravitational-wave Sources: Helium Core$-$Black Hole Mergers Following Delayed Dynamical Instability
• Perspectives for multi-messenger astronomy with the next generation of gravitational-wave detectors and high-energy satellites
• Mass function of stellar black holes as revealed by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observations
• Comparing astrophysical models to gravitational-wave data in the observable space
• Evolutionary tracks of binary neutron star progenitors across cosmic times
• Population Synthesis of Gravitational Wave Sources
• Co-evolution of Nuclear Star Clusters and Massive Black Holes: Extreme Mass-Ratio Inspirals
• Astrophysical and Cosmological Relevance of the High-Frequency Features in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• Chemical Evolution and Kilonova Implications of Post-Merger Accretion Disk Winds
• FROST-CLUSTERS -- III. Metallicity-dependent intermediate mass black hole formation by runaway collisions in dense star clusters
• Prospects for Observing and Localizing Gravitational-Wave Transients with Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo and KAGRA
• Inferring the spin distribution of binary black holes using deep learning
• Detectability and Parameter Estimation for Einstein Telescope Configurations with GWJulia
• Black Hole - Neutron Star and Binary Neutron Star Mergers from Population III and II stars
• The metallicity dependence of long-duration gamma-ray bursts
• Estimating Transient Rates from Cosmological Simulations and BPASS
• Gravitational background from dynamical binaries and detectability with 2G detectors
• On the hosts of neutron star mergers in the nearby Universe
• A NuSTAR Census of the X-ray Binary Population of the M31 Disk
• Impact of Massive Binary Star and Cosmic Evolution on Gravitational Wave Observations II: Double Compact Object Rates and Properties
• Modelling the host galaxies of binary compact object mergers with observational scaling relations
• Detailed properties of gravitational-wave mergers from flyby perturbations of wide binary black holes in the field
• Forming Double Neutron Stars using Detailed Binary Evolution Models with POSYDON: Comparison to the Galactic Systems
• Investigating the formation channel of GW231123: Population III stars or hierarchical mergers?
• Constraining Binary Neutron Star Populations using Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations
• Modeling the outcome of supernova explosions in binary population synthesis using the stellar compactness