Pre-merger alert to detect the very-high-energy prompt emission from binary neutron-star mergers: Einstein Telescope and Cherenkov Telescope Array synergy

Abstract

The current generation of very-high-energy $gamma-$ray (VHE; E above 30 GeV) detectors (MAGIC and H.E.S.S.) have recently demonstrated the ability to detect the afterglow emission of GRBs. However, the GRB prompt emission, typically observed in the 10 keV-10 MeV band, has so far remained undetected at higher energies. Here, we investigate the perspectives of multi-messenger observations to detect the prompt emission of short GRBs in VHE. Considering binary neutron star mergers as progenitors of short GRBs, we evaluate the joint detection efficiency of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) observing in synergy with the third generation of gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE). In particular, we evaluate the expected capabilities to detect and localize gravitational wave events in the inspiral phase and to provide an early warning alert able to drive the VHE search. We compute the amount of possible joint detections by considering several observational strategies, and demonstrate that the sensitivities of CTA make the detection of the VHE emission possible even if it is several orders fainter than the one observed at 10 keV-10 MeV. We discuss the results in terms of possible scenarios of production of VHE photons from binary neutron star mergers by considering GRB prompt and afterglow emissions.

Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics

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