On the detection of the electromagnetic counterparts from lensed gravitational wave events by binary neutron star mergers

Abstract

Future ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors, i.e., Einstein telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE), are expected to detect a significant number of lensed binary neutron star (BNS) mergers, which may provide a unique tool to probe cosmology. In this paper, we investigate the detectability of the optical/infrared electromagnetic (EM) counterparts (kilonovae/afterglows) from these lensed BNS mergers by future GW detectors and EM telescopes using simple kilonova, afterglow, and lens models. ET and CE are expected to detect $\sim 5.32_{-5.10}^{+26.1}$ and $67.3_{-64.7}^{+332}$ lensed BNS mergers per year. We find that the EM counterparts associated with all these mergers will be detectable by an all sky-survey in the H-band with the limiting magnitude $m_{\text{lim}}\gtrsim 27$, while the detectable fraction is $\lesssim 0.4\%$ in the g-/z-band if with $m_{\text{lim}}\lesssim 24$. Generally it is more efficient to search the lensed EM counterparts by adopting the infrared bands than the optical/UV bands with the same $m_{\text{lim}}$. Future telescopes like Vera C. Rubin Observatory, China Space Station Telescope, and Euclid can hardly detect the EM counterparts of even one lensed BNS merger. Roman Space Telescope (RST) and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have the capability to detect about a few or more such events per year. Moreover, the time delays and separations between the lensed image pairs are typically in the ranges from minutes to months and from $0.1$ to $1$\,arcsec, suggesting that both the GW and EM images of most lensed BNS mergers can be well resolved by not only CE/ET in the time domain but also RST/JWST spatially.

arXiv comment16 pages, 10 figures, MNRAS in press

References in corpus (81)

• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers
• Exploring the Sensitivity of Next Generation Gravitational Wave Detectors
• A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
• Origin of the heavy elements in binary neutron-star mergers from a gravitational wave event
• Sensitivity Studies for Third-Generation Gravitational Wave Observatories
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-IR Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models
• Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron star merger
• A Comprehensive Study of Binary Compact Objects as Gravitational Wave Sources: Evolutionary Channels, Rates, and Physical Properties
• Observation of gravitational waves from two neutron star-black hole coalescences
• GW150914: The Advanced LIGO Detectors in the Era of First Discoveries
• Double Compact Objects I: The Significance Of The Common Envelope On Merger Rates
• The Combined Ultraviolet, Optical, and Near-Infrared Light Curves of the Kilonova Associated with the Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Unified Data Set, Analytic Models, and Physical Implications
• What is the Most Promising Electromagnetic Counterpart of a Neutron Star Binary Merger?
• Neutrino-driven winds from neutron star merger remnants
• Kilonovae
• Double Compact Objects III: Gravitational Wave Detection Rates
• A 2 per cent Hubble constant measurement from standard sirens within 5 years
• Gravitationally lensed quasars and supernovae in future wide-field optical imaging surveys
• Double Compact Objects II: Cosmological Merger Rates
• Wave Effects in Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Chirping Binaries
• The progenitors of compact-object binaries: impact of metallicity, common envelope and natal kicks
• The population of galaxy-galaxy strong lenses in forthcoming optical imaging surveys
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. VI. Radio Constraints on a Relativistic Jet and Predictions for Late-Time Emission from the Kilonova Ejecta
• Kilonova Light Curves from the Disk Wind Outflows of Compact Object Mergers
• Networks of gravitational wave detectors and three figures of merit
• Cosmology from the Chinese Space Station Optical Survey (CSS-OS)
• The outflow structure of GW170817 from late time broadband observations
• AT2017gfo: an anisotropic and three-component kilonova counterpart of GW170817
• Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows In The Multi-Messenger Era: Numerical Models and Closure Relations
• The velocity dispersion function of early-type galaxies
• Internal and Collective Properties of Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Time Delay Cosmography
• The long-term evolution of neutron star merger remnants - II. Radioactively powered transients
• Impact of ejecta morphology and composition on the electromagnetic signatures of neutron star mergers
• A Cryogenic Silicon Interferometer for Gravitational-wave Detection
• POSSIS: predicting spectra, light curves and polarization for multi-dimensional models of supernovae and kilonovae
• Search for gravitational lensing signatures in LIGO-Virgo binary black hole events
• Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves: A statistical perspective
• Effect of gravitational lensing on the distribution of gravitational waves from distant binary black hole mergers
• Probing the theory of gravity with gravitational lensing of gravitational waves and galaxy surveys
• Precision cosmology from future lensed gravitational wave and electromagnetic signals
• Binary inspiral, gravitational radiation, and cosmology
• Diversity of kilonova light curves
• Localization accuracy of compact binary coalescences detected by the third-generation gravitational-wave detectors and implication for cosmology
• The First Hours of the GW170817 Kilonova and the Importance of Early Optical and Ultraviolet Observations for Constraining Emission Models
• The origin of the first neutron star -- neutron star merger
• Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing
• Searching for Electromagnetic Counterparts to Gravitational-wave Merger Events with the Prototype Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO-4)
• Kilonova Luminosity Function Constraints based on Zwicky Transient Facility Searches for 13 Neutron Star Mergers
• Binary Neutron Star Mergers and Third Generation Detectors: Localization and Early Warning
• Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from double compact binaries - perspectives for the Einstein Telescope
• Please repeat: Strong lensing of gravitational waves as a probe of compact binary and galaxy populations
• Tight multi-messenger constraints on the neutron star equation of state from GW170817 and a forward model for kilonova light curve synthesis
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. VI. Constraints on Dark Energy and the Evolution of Massive Galaxies
• Identifying strong gravitational-wave lensing during the second observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
• The faster the narrower: characteristic bulk velocities and jet opening angles of Gamma Ray Bursts
• Identifying Type II Strongly Lensed Gravitational-Wave Images in Third-Generation Gravitational-Wave Detectors
• Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves in Einstein Telescope
• Inclination Dependence of Kilonova Light Curves from Globally Aspherical Geometries
• Formation and Evolution of Binary Neutron Stars: Mergers and Their Host Galaxies
• Effects of Ellipticity and Shear on Gravitational Lens Statistics
• Probing the nature of dark matter via gravitational waves lensed by small dark matter halos
• Gravitational Wave Interference via Gravitational Lensing: Measurements of Luminosity Distance, Lens Mass, and Cosmological Parameters
• Strong lensing as a giant telescope to localize the host galaxy of gravitational wave event
• Exploring the sky localization and early warning capabilities of third generation gravitational wave detectors in three-detector network configurations
• Localization of binary mergers with gravitational-wave detectors of second and third generation
• Strong lensing statistics in large, z~<0.2 surveys: bias in the lens galaxy population
• The velocity dispersion function of early-type galaxies and its redshift evolution: the newest results from lens redshift test
• A strategy for LSST to unveil a population of kilonovae without gravitational-wave triggers
• The gravitational-wave signal generated by a galactic population of double neutron-star binaries
• Optimizing Cadences with Realistic Light Curve Filtering for Serendipitous Kilonova Discovery with Vera Rubin Observatory
• Identification of Lensed Gravitational Waves with Deep Learning
• Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics & Fast Transients
• A Mock Catalog of Gravitationally Lensed Quasars for the LSST Survey
• High accuracy on $H_0$ constraints from gravitational wave lensing events
• Spectra and Light Curves of GRB Afterglows
• Stars lensed by the supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way: predictions for ELT, TMT, GMT, and JWST

Cited by in corpus (5)

• Exploring the hidden Universe: A novel phenomenological approach for recovering arbitrary gravitational-wave millilensing configurations
• Event Rate of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Waves of Stellar Binary Black Hole Mergers Produced by Dynamical Interactions
• Diffractive lensing of nano-Hertz gravitational waves emitted from supermassive binary black holes by intervening galaxies
• Bayesian Analysis of Wave-Optics Gravitationally Lensed Massive Black Hole Binaries with Space-Based Gravitational Wave Detector
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications