Dirac materials
arXiv:1405.5774 · doi:10.1080/00018732.2014.927109
Abstract
A wide range of materials, like d-wave superconductors, graphene, and topological insulators, share a fundamental similarity: their low-energy fermionic excitations behave as massless Dirac particles rather than fermions obeying the usual Schrodinger Hamiltonian. This emergent behavior of Dirac fermions in condensed matter systems defines the unifying framework for a class of materials we call "Dirac materials''. In order to establish this class of materials, we illustrate how Dirac fermions emerge in multiple entirely different condensed matter systems and we discuss how Dirac fermions have been identified experimentally using electron spectroscopy techniques (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy). As a consequence of their common low-energy excitations, this diverse set of materials shares a significant number of universal properties in the low-energy (infrared) limit. We review these common properties including nodal points in the excitation spectrum, density of states, specific heat, transport, thermodynamic properties, impurity resonances, and magnetic field responses, as well as discuss many-body interaction effects. We further review how the emergence of Dirac excitations is controlled by specific symmetries of the material, such as time-reversal, gauge, and spin-orbit symmetries, and how by breaking these symmetries a finite Dirac mass is generated. We give examples of how the interaction of Dirac fermions with their distinct real material background leads to rich novel physics with common fingerprints such as the suppression of back scattering and impurity-induced resonant states.
Review article accepted in Adv. Phys. 77 pages
References in corpus (112)
- Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films
- The electronic properties of graphene
- Quantum Spin Hall Effect and Topological Phase Transition in HgTe Quantum Wells
- Boron nitride substrates for high-quality graphene electronics
- Quantum Spin Hall Insulator State in HgTe Quantum Wells
- Energy Band Gap Engineering of Graphene Nanoribbons
- Superconducting proximity effect and Majorana fermions at the surface of a topological insulator
- Topological Insulators with Inversion Symmetry
- Chiral tunneling and the Klein paradox in graphene
- Discovery (theoretical prediction and experimental observation) of a large-gap topological-insulator class with spin-polarized single-Dirac-cone on the surface
- A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase : Experimental observation of first strong topological insulator
- Topological Field Theory of Time-Reversal Invariant Insulators
- Room-Temperature Quantum Hall Effect in Graphene
- Substrate-induced band gap opening in epitaxial graphene
- Chaotic Dirac billiard in graphene quantum dots
- Topological Crystalline Insulators
- Anderson Transitions
- Dielectric function, screening, and plasmons in 2D graphene
- A tight-binding approach to uniaxial strain in graphene
- Andreev reflection and Klein tunneling in graphene
- First direct observation of Spin-textures in Topological Insulators : Spin-resolved ARPES as a probe of topological quantum spin Hall effect and Berry's phase
- Bipolar supercurrent in graphene
- Emergence of magnetism in graphene materials and nanostructures
- Quantum interference and Klein tunneling in graphene heterojunctions
- Emergence of Superlattice Dirac Points in Graphene on Hexagonal Boron Nitride
- Intrinsic and Rashba Spin-orbit Interactions in Graphene Sheets
- Topological Surface States Protected From Backscattering by Chiral Spin Texture
- Electronic structure of silicon-based nanostructures
- Colloquium: The transport properties of graphene: An introduction
- Three dimensional topological invariants for time reversal invariant Hamiltonians and the three dimensional quantum spin Hall effect
- Hydrogen on graphene: Electronic structure, total energy, structural distortions, and magnetism from first-principles calculations
- Specular Andreev reflection in graphene
- Phase Coherent Transport of Charges in Graphene Quantum Billiard
- Topological Mott Insulators
- Disorder Induced Localized States in Graphene
- Quantum spin-liquid emerging in two-dimensional correlated Dirac fermions
- Infrared spectroscopy of Landau levels in graphene
- First direct observation of Dirac fermions in graphite
- Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Graphene on Graphite
- Interactions and phase transitions on graphene's honeycomb lattice
- Coexistence of the topological state and a two-dimensional electron gas on the surface of Bi2Se3
- Electron fractionalization in two-dimensional graphenelike structures
- Impurity effect on weak anti-localization in the topological insulator Bi2Te3
- Topological Insulators and Nematic Phases from Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in 2D Fermi Systems with a Quadratic Band Crossing
- New Generation of Massless Dirac Fermions in Graphene under External Periodic Potentials
- Merging of Dirac points in a two-dimensional crystal
- Tuning the effective fine structure constant in graphene: opposing effects of dielectric screening on short- and long-range potential scattering
- Observation of Dirac Holes and Electrons in a Topological Insulator
- Resonant scattering by realistic impurities in graphene
- Pressure induced Superconductivity in Topological Compound Bi2Te3
- Absence of a Spin Liquid Phase in the Hubbard Model on the Honeycomb Lattice
- Understanding adsorption of hydrogen atoms on graphene
- Josephson effect in ballistic graphene
- Multi-Component Quantum Gases in Spin-Dependent Hexagonal Lattices
- Is graphene in vacuum an insulator?
- Theory of interacting electrons on the honeycomb lattice
- Bulk superconducting phase with a full energy gap in the doped topological insulator Cu_xBi_2Se_3
- Metal to insulator transition in epitaxial graphene induced by molecular doping
- On resonant scatterers as a factor limiting carrier mobility in graphene
- Josephson Current and Multiple Andreev Reflections in Graphene SNS Junctions
- Density waves and Cooper pairing on the honeycomb lattice
- Momentum-Resolved Landau-Level Spectroscopy of Dirac Surface State in Bi2Se3
- Exciton condensation and charge fractionalization in a topological insulator film
- Phase competition in trisected superconducting dome
- A new magnetic field dependence of Landau levels on a graphene like structure
- Zero modes of tight binding electrons on the honeycomb lattice
- Spatially resolved spectroscopy of monolayer graphene on SiO2
- Quantum critical point in graphene approached in the limit of infinitely strong Coulomb interaction
- Monovalent impurities on graphene: midgap states and migration barriers
- Coulomb interaction, ripples, and the minimal conductivity of graphene
- Proximity effect at the superconductor - topological insulator interface
- Local Measurements of the Superconducting Pairing Symmetry in CuxBi2Se3
- Odd-Parity Pairing and Topological Superconductivity in a Strongly Spin-Orbit Coupled Semiconductor
- Lattice field theory simulations of graphene
- Superconductivity of doped Weyl semimetals: finite-momentum pairing and electronic analogues of the 3He-A phase
- Direct Measurement of the Out-of-Plane Spin Texture in the Dirac Cone Surface State of a Topological Insulator
- Engineering artificial graphene in a two-dimensional electron gas
- How close can one approach the Dirac point in graphene experimentally?
- Proximity-induced high-temperature superconductivity in topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3
- Quasiparticle Chirality in Epitaxial Graphene Probed at the Nanometer Scale
- Kohn-Luttinger superconductivity in graphene
- Making Massless Dirac Fermions from Patterned Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
- Graphene via large N I: Renormalization
- BCS-BEC crossover on the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice
- Unconventional superconductivity on honeycomb lattice: the theory of Kekule order parameter
- Minimum Conductivity and Evidence for Phase Transitions in Ultra-clean Bilayer Graphene
- Long-Range Interaction Between Adatoms in Graphene
- Effects of the Zero-Mode Landau Level on Inter-Layer Magnetoresistance in Multilayer Massless Dirac Fermion Systems
- Midgap states in corrugated graphene: Ab-initio calculations and effective field theory
- Magnetic orders and topological phases from f-d exchange in pyrochlore iridates
- Topological Weyl Semi-metal from a Lattice Model
- Role of pseudospin in quasiparticle interferences in epitaxial graphene probed by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy
- Proximity Induced Superconductivity and Multiple Andreev Reflections in Few-Layer-Graphene
- Anomalous thermodynamics of Coulomb interacting massless Dirac fermions in two spatial dimensions
- Excitation gap of a graphene channel with superconducting boundaries
- Josephson effect in graphene SBS junctions
- Evolution from a nodeless gap to d(x2-y2) form in underdoped La(2-x)SrxCuO4
- Correlated Dirac Particles and Superconductivity on the Honeycomb Lattice
- Band structure and gaps of triangular graphene superlattices
- Near zero modes in condensate phases of the Dirac theory on the honeycomb lattice
- Critical Josephson current in ballistic superconductor-graphene systems
- Nodal Quasiparticle Lifetimes in Cuprate Superconductors
- Quasi-Freestanding Multilayer Graphene Films on the Carbon Face of SiC
- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Gate Tunable Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Thin Films
- Local density of states and scanning tunneling currents in graphene
- Renormalization Effects on Quasi-Two-Dimensional Organic Conductor α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3
- Odd momentum pairing and superconductivity in vertical graphene heterostructures
- Coupling of Low Energy Electrons in Optimally Doped Bi2212 to an Optical Phonon Mode
- Search for broken time-reversal symmetry near the surface of YBCO films using Beta-NMR
- Local impurity effects in superconducting graphene
- Pairing symmetry of superconducting graphene
- Transition from a mixed to a pure d-wave symmetry in superconducting optimally doped YBaCuO thin films under applied fields
Cited by in corpus (111)
- Quantum thermodynamic devices: from theoretical proposals to experimental reality
- Four-loop critical exponents for the Gross-Neveu-Yukawa models
- Quantum transport in Dirac materials: signatures of tilted and anisotropic Dirac and Weyl cones
- Dirac magnons in honeycomb ferromagnets
- Observation of an anisotropic Dirac cone reshaping and ferrimagnetic spin polarization in an organic conductor
- Dirac and Weyl Materials: Fundamental Aspects and Some Spintronics Applications
- Flat optical conductivity in ZrSiS due to two-dimensional Dirac bands
- Lifshitz transition mediated electronic transport anomaly in bulk ZrTe5
- Anisotropic and strong negative magneto-resistance in the three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3
- Topological magnon insulator spin excitations in the two-dimensional ferromagnet CrBr
- The borophene sheet: A solid-state platform for space-time engineering
- Emergent pseudospin-1 Maxwell fermions with a threefold degeneracy in optical lattices
- Ising and Gross-Neveu model in next-to-leading order
- One-dimensional Coulomb problem in Dirac materials
- Optical properties of massive anisotropic tilted Dirac systems
- Pseudo-magnetic field in curved graphene
- Molecular Quantum Materials: Electronic Phases and Charge Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Organic Solids
- Filling of magnetic-impurity-induced gap in topological insulators by potential scattering
- Large magnetoresistance in type-II Weyl semimetal WP
- Gauge-field-assisted Kekulé quantum criticality
- Anomalous Hall and Nernst effects in epitaxial films of topological kagome magnet Fe3Sn2
- Impurity-induced triple point fermions in twisted bilayer graphene
- Gate-tuned Aharonov-Bohm interference of surface states in a quasi-ballistic Dirac semimetal nanowire
- Thermopower and thermal conductivity in the Weyl semimetal NbP
- Two-dimensional Dirac particles in a Pöschl-Teller waveguide
- Magnetic mixed valent semimetal EuZnSb with Dirac states in the band structure
- Chiral Anomaly and Second Harmonic Generation in Weyl Semimetals
- Excitonic pairing and insulating transition in two-dimensional semi-Dirac semimetals
- Massless Dirac magnons in the two dimensional van der Waals honeycomb magnet CrCl3
- Magnon-mediated superconductivity on the surface of a topological insulator
- Overscreened Kondo effect, (color) superconductivity and Shiba states in Dirac metals and quark matter
- Unconventional proximity-induced superconductivity in bilayer systems
- Localization of massless Dirac particles via spatial modulations of the Fermi velocity
- Robust state preparation in quantum simulations of Dirac dynamics
- Crystal growth, microstructure and physical properties of SrMnSb
- Anomalous caustics and Veselago focusing in 8-Pmmn borophene p-n junctions with arbitrary junction directions
- Thermodynamics of the Topological Kondo Model
- Evolution of magnetic Dirac bosons in a honeycomb lattice
- Electron-magnon coupling and quasiparticle lifetimes on the surface of a topological insulator
- Stacking-dependent topological magnons in bilayer CrI
- Hunting Quantum Gravity with Analogs: the case of graphene
- Observation of Gapped Dirac Cones in a Two-Dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Lattice
- Kelvin-Helmholtz instability of the Dirac fluid of charge carriers on graphene
- CNH monolayer: A novel two-dimensional organic Dirac material with high Fermi velocity
- Magneto-optical conductivity of anisotropic two-dimensional Dirac-Weyl materials
- Momentum dependence of quantum critical Dirac systems
- Electron dynamics in noncommutative geometry with magnetic field and Zitterbewegung phenomenon
- Stationary solutions for the 2D critical Dirac equation with Kerr nonlinearity
- Giant periodic pseudo-magnetic fields in strained kagome magnet FeSn epitaxial films on SrTiO(111) substrate
- Engineered Near-Perfect Back-Scattering on Surface of Topological Insulator with Non-Magnetic Impurities
- Magneto-transport and Electronic Structures of BaZnBi
- Minimal Geometry for Valley Filtering in Graphene
- High Fermi velocities and small cyclotron masses in LaAlGe
- Pair states in one-dimensional Dirac systems
- Time-rescaling of Dirac dynamics: shortcuts to adiabaticity in ion traps and Weyl semimetals
- Spontaneous gap generation on the surface of weakly interacting topological insulators using nonmagnetic impurities
- Interplay of Coulomb interaction and disorder in a two-dimensional semi-Dirac fermion system
- Electronic transport in two-dimensional strained Dirac materials under multi-step Fermi velocity barrier: transfer matrix method for supersymmetric systems
- Computational search for Dirac and Weyl nodes in -electon antiperovskites
- Quantum oscillations and electronic structures in large Chern number semimetal RhSn
- Searching for two-dimensional Weyl superconductors in heterostructures
- Effects of a tilted magnetic field in a Dirac double layer
- Observation of electronic bound states in charge-ordered YBaCuO
- Magnetic-Field Induced Semimetal in Topological Crystalline Insulator Thin Films
- Impurity effects and bandgap-closing in massive Dirac systems
- Fermi arcs formation in Weyl semimetals: the key role of intervalley interaction
- Quantum Phase Transition in Organic Massless Dirac Fermion System -(BEDT-TTF)I under pressure
- Enhanced quantum metric due to vacancies in graphene
- Numerical quasi-conformal transformations for electron dynamics on strained graphene surfaces
- Dynamical gap generation in 2D Dirac semimetal with deformed Dirac cone
- Photo-electrons unveil topological transitions in graphene-like systems
- Quantum information scrambling in two-dimensional Bose-Hubbard lattices
- Anomalous Entanglement in Chaotic Dirac Billiards
- Trapping charge carriers in low-dimensional Dirac materials
- Correlations in non-Hermitian systems and Diagram techniques for the steady state
- Analysis of Dirac exceptional points and their isospectral Hermitian counterparts
- Wave packet dynamics in various two-dimensional systems: a unified description
- Spectral wall in collisions of excited Abelian Higgs vortices
- Spin dynamics of a magnetic Weyl semimetal SrMnSb
- Massless Fermions on a half-space: The curious case of 2+1-dimensions
- Interaction-induced topological superconductivity in antiferromagnet-superconductor junctions
- Bulk cyclotron resonance in the topological insulator Bi2Te3
- Discretized dynamics of exchange spin wave bulk and edge modes in honeycomb nanoribbons with armchair edge boundaries
- Coulomb drag in topological materials
- Lieb lattices and pseudospin-1 dynamics under barrier- and well-like electrostatic interactions
- Weyl states and Fermi arcs in parabolic bands
- Darboux partners of Heun-class potentials for the two-dimensional massless Dirac equation
- Strong anisotropic optical properties of 8-Pmmn borophene: a many-body perturbation study
- Landau levels and snake states of pseudo-spin-1 Dirac-like electrons in gapped Lieb lattices
- Quantum Pairing Time Orders
- Plunging in the Dirac sea using graphene quantum dots
- Molecular beam deposition of a new layered pnictide with distorted Sb square nets
- Two-dimensional Dirac nodal-line semimetal protected by symmetry
- Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking and Decoherence in Chaotic Dirac Billiards
- Spatial localization and diffusion of Dirac particles and waves induced by random temporal medium variations
- Complex Dirac-like Electronic Structure in Atomic Site Ordered Rh3In3.4Ge3.6
- Anomalous in-gap edge states in two-dimensional pseudospin-1 Dirac insulators
- Negative-U Superconductivity on the Surface of Topological Insulators
- Global Large Data Solutions of 2D Dirac Equation with Hartree Type Interaction
- Continued functions and critical exponents: Tools for analytical continuation of divergent expressions in phase transition studies
- Coupling of magnetism and Dirac fermions in YbMnSb2
- Thermal-Field Electron Emission from Three-Dimensional Topological Semimetals
- Temperature vs. doping phase diagram of cuprate superconductors
- Antiferromagnetic phase diagram of the cuprate superconductors
- Robust Luttinger liquid state of 1D Dirac fermions in a van der Waals system NbSiTe
- Quantum matter and gravitation: photons in a waveguide
- Mass fluctuations and absorption rates in Dirac materials sensors
- Nonlinear optical response of Type-II Weyl fermions in two dimensions
- Quantum simulator of extended bipartite Hubbard model with broken sublattice symmetry: magnetism, correlations, and phase transitions
- Hubbard Model on the Honeycomb Lattice with an Indefinite Long-Range Interaction
- 125Te spin-lattice relaxation in a candidate to Weyl semimetals WTe2