Local Measurements of the Superconducting Pairing Symmetry in CuxBi2Se3

Abstract

Topological superconductors represent a newly predicted phase of matter that is topologically distinct from conventional superconducting condensates of Cooper pairs. As a manifestation of their topological character, topological superconductors support solid-state realizations of Majorana fermions at their boundaries. The recently discovered superconductor CuxBi2Se3 has been theoretically proposed as an odd-parity superconductor in the time-reversal-invariant topological superconductor class and point-contact spectroscopy measurements have reported the observation of zero-bias conductance peaks corresponding to Majorana states in this material. Here we report scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements of the superconducting energy gap in CuxBi2Se3 as a function of spatial position and applied magnetic field. The tunneling spectrum shows that the density of states at the Fermi level is fully gapped without any in-gap states. The spectrum is well described by the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory with a momentum independent order parameter, which suggests that Cu0.2Bi2Se3 is a classical s-wave superconductor contrary to previous expectations and measurements.

References in corpus (16)

• Topological Insulators
• Topological insulators and superconductors
• Fault-tolerant quantum computation by anyons
• Superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 and its implications for pairing in the undoped topological insulator
• Odd-Parity Topological Superconductors: Theory and Application to Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Topological Superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3
• Observation of topological order in a Superconducting doped topological insulator (based on the Bi2Se3 class)
• Bulk superconducting phase with a full energy gap in the doped topological insulator Cu_xBi_2Se_3
• Majorana Fermions and Exotic Surface Andreev Bound States in Topological Superconductors: Application to CuxBi2Se3
• Electrochemical synthesis and superconducting phase diagram of Cu_xBi2Se3
• Observation of Andreev Surface Bound States in the 3-K phase Region of Sr_2RuO_4
• Tunneling Conductance and Surface States Transition in Superconducting Topological Insulators
• Unconventional superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3
• Spin-Triplet Vortex State in the Topological Superconductor CuxBi2Se3
• Point-contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy of candidate topological superconductor Cu0.25Bi2Se3
• Effect of transport-induced charge inhomogeneity on point-contact Andreev reflection spectra at ferromagnet-superconductor interfaces

Cited by in corpus (131)

• Topological Insulator Materials
• Topological superconductors: a review
• Dirac materials
• Evidence for Majorana bound state in an iron-based superconductor
• Observation of topological superconductivity on the surface of an iron-based superconductor
• Topological Crystalline Insulators and Topological Superconductors: From Concepts to Materials
• Spin-Rotation Symmetry Breaking in the Superconducting State of CuxBi2Se3
• Dirac and Weyl Superconductors in Three Dimensions
• Time Reversal Invariant Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Kramers Pairs
• Topological superconductivity on the surface of Fe-based superconductors
• Thermodynamic evidence for nematic superconductivity in Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Superconductivity with topological surface state in SrxBi2Se3
• Observation of superconductivity in 3D Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 crystal
• Pressure-Induced Unconventional Superconducting Phase in the Topological Insulator Bi2Se3
• Odd-parity topological superconductor with nematic order: Application to CuxBi2Se3
• Superconducting Topological Surface States in Non-centrosymmetric Bulk Superconductor PbTaSe2
• Topological surface states in nodal superconductors
• Two-dimensional time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in a doped quantum spin Hall insulator
• Topologically protected surface states in a centrosymmetric superconductor beta-PdBi2
• Fermiology and Superconductivity of Topological Surface States in PdTe${}_2$
• Symmetry Protected Topological Superfluids and Superconductors --- From the Basics to ${}^3$He ---
• Probing topological quantum matter with scanning tunnelling microscopy
• Odd-parity superconductivity in the vicinity of inversion symmetry breaking in spin-orbit-coupled systems
• Unusual nature of fully-gapped superconductivity in In-doped SnTe
• Odd-parity superconductors with two-component order parameters: nematic and chiral, full gap and Majorana node
• Experimental Observation of Topological Superconductivity and Majorana Zero Modes on beta-Bi2Pd Thin Films
• Odd-parity superconductivity from phonon-mediated pairing: Application to Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Topological quantum states of matter in iron-based superconductors: From concepts to material realization
• Direct visualization of the nematic superconductivity in Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• A comprehensive review on topological superconducting materials and interfaces
• Superconductivity with two-fold symmetry in topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3
• Identification of nematic superconductivity from the upper critical field
• Superconductivity in doped Dirac semimetals
• Evidence of nodes in the order parameter of the superconducting doped topological insulator Nb${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ via penetration depth measurements
• Scanning Josephson spectroscopy on the atomic scale
• Turning a Band Insulator Into an Exotic Superconductor
• Exploring Topological Superconductivity in Topological Materials
• Topological superconducting phases from inversion symmetry breaking order in spin-orbit-coupled systems
• Absence of zero-energy surface bound states in CuxBi2Se3 via a study of Andreev reflection spectroscopy
• Structural distortion behind the nematic superconductivity in Sr${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Electronic structure of a superconducting topological insulator Sr-doped Bi2Se3
• A scanning tunneling microscope for spectroscopic imaging below 90 mK in magnetic fields up to 17.5 T
• Dirac-Fermion-Induced Parity Mixing in Superconducting Topological Insulators
• Drive the Dirac Electrons into Cooper Pairs in SrxBi2Se3
• One-step synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures of graphene and 2D superconducting a-Mo2C
• Topological Crystalline Superconductivity in Locally Non-centrosymmetric Multilayer Superconductors
• Revealing surface states in In-doped SnTe superconducting nanoplates with low bulk mobility
• Topological phase transitions in multi-component superconductors
• Proximity-effect-induced Superconducting Gap in Topological Surface States - A Point Contact Spectroscopy Study of NbSe2/Bi2Se3 Superconductor-Topological Insulator Heterostructures
• Pressure induced re-emergence of superconductivity in superconducting topological insulator Sr0.065Bi2Se3
• Pressure-induced Superconductivity in the Three-component Fermion Topological Semimetal Molybdenum Phosphide
• Axionic superconductivity in three dimensional doped narrow gap semiconductors
• Laser-induced topological superconductivity in cuprate thin films
• Symmetry Protected Topological Superfluid ${}^3$He-B
• Superconducting doped topological materials
• High-pressure study of the basal-plane anisotropy of the upper critical field of the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3
• Dependence of superconductivity in CuxBi2Se3 on quenching conditions
• Nematic and chiral superconductivity induced by odd-parity fluctuations
• Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Observation of topological electronic structure in quasi-1D superconductor TaSe3
• Global phase diagram of a three dimensional dirty topological superconductor
• Time-reversal and rotation symmetry breaking superconductivity in Dirac materials
• Non-fragile superconductivity with nodes in the superconducting topological insulator CuxBi2Se3: Zeeman orbital field and non-magnetic impurities
• Indium substitution effect on the topological crystalline insulator family (Pb${}_{1-x}$Sn${}_x$)${}_{1-y}$In${}_y$Te: Topological and superconducting properties
• Quantum Oscillations in Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ in High Magnetic Fields
• Possible structural origin of superconductivity in Sr-doped Bi2Se3
• Multiband s-wave topological superconductors: role of dimensionality and magnetic field response
• Observation of Dirac surface states in the noncentrosymmetric superconductor BiPd
• Highly tunable time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in topological insulator thin films
• Mechanism for unconventional superconductivity in the hole-doped Rashba-Hubbard model
• Non-magnetic impurity effects in a three-dimensional topological superconductor: From p- to s-wave behaviors
• Quasi-classical theory of tunneling spectroscopy in superconducting topological insulator
• Direct Evidence for Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Topological Superconductor Sr0.1Bi2Se3
• Fully gapped superconductivity in In-doped topological crystalline insulator Pb${}_{0.5}$Sn${}_{0.5}$Te
• Superuniversality of topological quantum phase transition and global phase diagram of dirty topological systems in three dimensions
• A millikelvin scanning tunneling microscope in ultra-high vacuum with adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration
• Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity in n-doped BiH
• Observation of Two-Dimensional Bulk Electronic States in a Superconducting Topological Insulator Heterostructure Cux(PbSe)5(Bi2Se3)6: Implications for Unconventional Superconductivity
• Electronic structure and relaxation dynamics in a superconducting topological material
• Tunneling spectroscopy and Josephson current of superconductor-ferromagnet hybrids on the surface of a 3D TI
• Link between superconductivity and a Lifshitz transition in intercalated Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Topological D+p-wave superconductivity in Rashba systems
• Andreev Reflection Spectroscopy of Topological Superconductor Candidate Nb${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Topological insulators in the NaCaBi family with large SOC gaps
• Dissipation in a topological Josephson junction
• Majorana Kramers pair in a nematic vortex
• Chiral Superconductivity in Thin Films of doped Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Low-energy excitations and non-BCS superconductivity in Nb${}_x$-Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Novel anisotropic spin singlet pairings in Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ and Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$
• Effect of Fermi surface evolution on superconducting gap in superconducting topological insulator
• Odd-frequency pairing and Ising spin susceptibility in time-reversal invariant superfluids and superconductors
• Nematic superconductivity in Cu${}_x$Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$: The surface Andreev bound states
• Muon spin rotation study of the topological superconductor SrxBi2Se3
• Spin-singlet superconductivity in doped topological crystalline insulator Sn_{0.96}In_{0.04}Te
• Surface states and local spin susceptibility in doped three-dimensional topological insulators with odd-parity superconducting pairing symmetry
• Twofold symmetry of proximity-induced superconductivity in Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$/Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+\delta }$ heterostructures revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy
• Power-law Temperature Dependence of the Penetration Depth in a Topological Superconductor due to Surface States
• Nematic superconductivity in the topological semimetal CaSn${}_3$
• Pressure-induced superconductivity in the three-dimensional Dirac semimetal Cd3As2
• Half Quantum Vortices in Nematic Superconductor
• Internal pressure in superconducting Cu intercalated Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$
• Topological d-wave superconductivity in two dimensions
• Field-angle-dependent low-energy excitations around a vortex in the superconducting topological insulator CuxBi2Se3
• Effective low energy theory for surface Andreev bound states of superconducting phases in generalized Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang models
• Fermiology of possible topological superconductor Tl0.5Bi2Te3 derived from hole-doped topological insulator
• Zero-Energy Modes on Superconducting Bismuth Islands Deposited on Fe(Te,Se)
• Spontaneous strain and magnetization in doped topological insulators with nematic and chiral superconductivity
• Wiedemann-Franz-type relation between shot noise and thermal conduction of Majorana surface states in a three-dimensional topological superconductor
• Chiral Gravitomagnetic Effect in Topological Superconductors and Superfluids
• Observation of spin-polarized surface states in a nodal line semimetal SnTaS${}_2$
• Reproducible synthetic method for the topological superconductor CuxBi2Se3
• Observability of superconductivity in Sr-doped Bi2Se3 at the surface using scanning tunneling microscope
• Visualizing the $d$-vector in a nematic triplet superconductor
• Quasiparticle interference in doped topological insulators with nematic superconductivity
• Superconducting properties of Cu intercalated Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ studied by Muon Spin Spectroscopy
• Scanning tunneling spectroscopy investigations of superconducting-doped topological insulators: Experimental pitfalls and results
• Nuclear magnetic relaxation rates of unconventional superconductivity in doped topological insulators
• Low-energy phonons and superconductivity in Sn${}_{0.8}$In${}_{0.2}$Te
• Introduction of Sr into Bi2Se3 thin films by molecular beam epitaxy
• Three-dimensional time reversal invariant topological superconductivity in doped chiral topological semimetals
• Odd-frequency pairs and anomalous proximity effect in nematic and chiral states of superconducting topological insulators
• Visualizing Pairing Symmetry in Nematic Superconductors using spin-polarized spectroscopy of magnetic impurities
• How spectrum-wide quantum criticality protects surface states of topological superconductors from Anderson localization: Quantum Hall plateau transitions (almost) all the way down
• Exotic quantum statistics and thermodynamics from a number-conserving theory of Majorana fermions
• Relaxation of the entanglement spectrum in quench dynamics of topological systems
• Superconductivity and vortex structure on Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$/FeTe${}_{0.55}$Se${}_{0.45}$ heterostructures with different thickness of Bi${}_2$Te${}_3$ films
• First-order chiral to non-chiral transition in the angular dependence of the upper critical induction of the Scharnberg-Klemm $p$-wave pair state
• Possible two-component pairings in electron-doped Bi${}_2$Se${}_3$ based on a tight-binding model
• Superconductivity in three-dimensional interacting doped topological insulators
• Surface states around a vortex in topological superconductors: Intersection of a surface and a vortex
• Theory of low-energy behaviors in topological $s$-wave pairing superconductors