Dust flow in gas disks in the presence of embedded planets

Abstract

We study the dynamics of gas and dust in a protoplanetary disk in the presence of embedded planets. We investigate the conditions for dust-gap formation in terms of particle size and planetary mass. We also monitor the amount of dust that is accreted by the planet relative to the amount of gas, which is an important parameter in determining the enrichment of solids in giant planets compared to the solid content of the central star. We use a new two-fluid hydrodynamics code to solve the flow equations for both gas and dust. For the gas, we use a Godunov-type scheme with an approximate Riemann solver (the Roe solver). The dust is treated as a pressureless fluid by essentially the same numerical method as is used for the gas. We find that it only takes a planet of 0.05 Jupiter masses to open up a gap in a disk with a significant population of mm-sized particles. Dust particles larger than 150 micron participate in gap formation. We also find that the formation of the gap severely slows down dust accretion compared to that in the gas. Therefore, it is not possible to enrich a newly formed giant planet in solids, if these solids are contained in particles with sizes from 150 micron to approximately 10 cm.

13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

References in corpus (17)

• Streaming Instabilities in Protoplanetary Disks
• Dust coagulation in protoplanetary disks: a rapid depletion of small grains
• Radial Flow of Dust Particles in Accretion Disks
• Disk Accretion Onto High-Mass Planets
• Mass Flow and Accretion through gaps in Accretion Discs
• The Migration and Growth of Protoplanets in Protostellar Discs
• Orbital Migration and Mass Accretion of Protoplanets in 3D Global Computations with Nested Grids
• Planets opening dust gaps in gas disks
• Dust Migration and Morphology in Optically Thin Circumstellar Gas Disks
• Dust diffusion in protoplanetary discs by magnetorotational turbulence
• Nested-grid calculations of disk-planet interaction
• On Gas-Drag Induced Rapid Migration of Solids in a Non-Uniform Solar Nebula
• On the accumulation of solid bodies in global turbulent protoplanetary disc models
• Origin of quasi-periodic shells in dust forming AGB winds
• Detecting planets in protoplanetary disks: A prospective study
• Individual and collective behavior of dust particles in a protoplanetary nebula
• Early dust evolution in protostellar accretion disks

Cited by in corpus (151)

• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): I. Motivation, Sample, Calibration, and Overview
• Rapid growth of gas-giant cores by pebble accretion
• Planet-disk interaction and orbital evolution
• Resolved Images of Large Cavities in Protoplanetary Transition Disks
• Ringed Substructure and a Gap at 1 AU in the Nearest Protoplanetary Disk
• Separating gas-giant and ice-giant planets by halting pebble accretion
• Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
• Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): VII. The Planet-Disk Interactions Interpretation
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• Pebble isolation mass --- scaling law and implications for the formation of super-Earths and gas giants
• Sintering-induced Dust Ring Formation in Protoplanetary Disks: Application to the HL Tau Disk
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Gaps Opened by Single and Multiple Young Planets in Disks
• Transitional and Pre-Transitional disks: Gap Opening by Multiple Planets?
• On planet formation in HL Tau
• Dust dynamics during protoplanetary disc clearing
• Fossilized condensation lines in the Solar System protoplanetary disk
• Multiple Disk Gaps and Rings Generated by a Single Super-Earth
• The minimum mass of detectable planets in protoplanetary discs and the derivation of planetary masses from high resolution observations
• Cavity opening by a giant planet in a protoplanetary disc and effects on planetary migration
• On the water delivery to terrestrial embryos by ice pebble accretion
• Giant planet migration, disk evolution, and the origin of transitional disks
• Formation of planetary systems by pebble accretion and migration: Growth of gas giants
• Particle Concentration At Planet Induced Gap Edges and Vortices: I. Inviscid 3-D Hydro Disks
• CO and dust properties in the TW Hya disk from high-resolution ALMA observations
• Dust Trapping by Vortices in Transitional Disks: Evidence for Non-ideal MHD Effects in Protoplanetary Disks
• The missing cavities in the SEEDS polarized scattered light images of transitional protoplanetary disks: a generic disk model
• Dust Density Distribution and Imaging Analysis of Different Ice Lines in Protoplanetary Disks
• Asymptotically stable numerical method for multispecies momentum transfer: gas and multifluid-dust test suite and implementation in FARGO3D
• Dusty gas with SPH - I. Algorithm and test suite
• Simulating galactic dust grain evolution on a moving mesh
• Planetesimal and gas dynamics in binaries
• A compact concentration of large grains in the HD142527 protoplanetary dust trap
• Gap Opening in 3D: Single Planet Gaps
• ALMA Observations of a Gap and a Ring in the Protoplanetary Disk around TW Hya
• Spiral Arms in Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disks as Imaged in Scattered Light
• Surface Layer Accretion in Transitional and Conventional Disks: From Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to Planets
• Rings and gaps in the disc around Elias 24 revealed by ALMA
• VLT/NACO Polarimetric Differential Imaging of HD100546 - Disk Structure and Dust Grain Properties between 10-140 AU
• Characterizing the variable dust permeability of planet-induced gaps
• Including Dust Coagulation in Hydrodynamic Models of Protoplanetary Disks: Dust Evolution in the Vicinity of a Jupiter-mass Planet
• The enigmatic nature of the circumstellar envelope and bow shock surrounding Betelgeuse as revealed by Herschel. I. Evidence of clumps, multiple arcs, and a linear bar-like structure
• On The Possibility of Enrichment and Differentiation in Gas Giants During Birth by Disk Instability
• An opening criterion for dust gaps in protoplanetary discs
• The circumstellar disk HD169142: gas, dust and planets acting in concert?
• Computing the dust distribution in the bowshock of a fast moving, evolved star
• Influence of sub- and super-solar metallicities on the compositions of solid planetary building blocks
• Planet gaps in the dust layer of 3D protoplanetary disks: I. Hydrodynamical simulations of T Tauri disks
• On the origin of the spiral morphology in the Elias 2-27 circumstellar disc
• Observations of Solids in Protoplanetary Disks
• A thermodynamic view of dusty protoplanetary disks
• Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS). VII. Sub-stellar O/H and C/H and super-stellar C/O in planet feeding gas
• Dust-trapping vortices and a potentially planet-triggered spiral wake in the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis
• On the accumulation of planetesimals near disc gaps created by protoplanets
• Two mechanisms for dust gap opening in protoplanetary discs
• Dust accretion onto high-mass planets
• A tunnel and a traffic jam: How transition disks maintain a detectable warm dust component despite the presence of a large planet-carved gap
• The effect of a planet on the dust distribution in a 3D protoplanetary disk
• Dusty gas with SPH - II. Implicit timestepping and astrophysical drag regimes
• The Ring Structure in the MWC 480 Disk Revealed by ALMA
• Detailed structure of the outer disk around HD 169142 with polarized light in H-band
• Effects of the Planetary Temperature on the Circumplanetary Disk and on the Gap
• Planetesimal Formation In Self-Gravitating Discs
• Leaky dust traps: How fragmentation impacts dust filtering by planets
• The Structure of Pre-transitional Protoplanetary Disks I: Radiative Transfer Modeling of the Disk+Cavity in the PDS 70 system
• The accumulation and trapping of grains at planet gaps: effects of grain growth and fragmentation
• How do giant planetary cores shape the dust disk? HL Tau system
• From discs to planetesimals I: evolution of gas and dust discs
• The eccentricity distribution of giant planets and their relation to super-Earths in the pebble accretion scenario
• Dry or water world? How the water contents of inner sub-Neptunes constrain giant planet formation and the location of the water ice line
• Dust capture and long-lived density enhancements triggered by vortices in 2D protoplanetary disks
• Predicting the observational signature of migrating Neptune-sized planets in low-viscosity disks
• Pebble dynamics and accretion onto rocky planets. I. Adiabatic and convective models
• Formation of moon systems around giant planets: Capture and ablation of planetesimals as foundation for a pebble accretion scenario
• A ring-like concentration of mm-sized particles in Sz 91
• Observability of Forming Planets and their Circumplanetary Disks I. -- Parameter Study for ALMA
• Wind-driven Accretion in Transitional Protostellar Disks
• A Subarcsecond ALMA Molecular Line Imaging Survey of the Circumbinary, Protoplanetary Disk Orbiting V4046 Sgr
• Integration of Particle-Gas Systems with Stiff Mutual Drag Interaction
• Detectability of embedded protoplanets from hydrodynamical simulations
• Influence of planetary gas accretion on the shape and depth of gaps in protoplanetary discs
• Puffed up Edges of Planet-opened Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks. I. hydrodynamic simulations
• Giants are bullies: how their growth influences systems of inner sub-Neptunes and super-Earths
• Saturn's formation and early evolution at the origin of Jupiter's massive moons
• Particle accretion onto planets in discs with hydrodynamic turbulence
• Tracing planet-induced structures in circumstellar disks using molecular lines
• Inner Super-Earths, Outer Gas Giants: How Pebble Isolation and Migration Feedback Keep Jupiters Cold
• The Preservation of Super Earths and the Emergence of Gas Giants after Their Progenitor Cores have Entered the Pebble Isolation Phase
• Mind the gap: Distinguishing disc substructures and their impact on the inner disc composition
• How to make giant planets via pebble accretion
• Are the observed gaps in protoplanetary discs caused by growing planets?
• WIde Separation Planets In Time (WISPIT): A Gap-clearing Planet in a Multi-ringed Disk around the Young Solar-type Star WISPIT 2
• Dust Settling and Rapid Planetary Migration
• Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
• A gas density drop in the inner 6 AU of the transition disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614: Further evidence for a giant planet inside the disk?
• Effect of dust on Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities
• Survival of ALMA Rings in the Absence of Pressure Maxima
• The long-term evolution of photoevaporating transition discs with giant planets
• How planets grow by pebble accretion IV: Envelope opacity trends from sedimenting dust and pebbles
• How does accretion of planet-forming disks influence stellar abundances?
• Dusty spirals triggered by shadows in transition discs
• Orbital Evolution of a Particle Interacting with a Single Planet in a Protoplanetary Disk
• An Inner Disk in the Large Gap of the Transition Disk SR 24S
• Inner rocky super-Earth formation: distinguishing the formation pathways in viscously heated and passive discs
• Modeling the nonaxisymmetric structure in the HD 163296 disk with planet-disk interaction
• The role of the drag force in the gravitational stability of dusty planet-forming disc -- II. Numerical simulations
• Water Enrichment from Pebble Drift in Disks with Gap-forming Planets
• Establishing Dust Rings and Forming Planets Within Them
• Distribution of captured planetesimals in circumplanetary gas disks and implications for accretion of regular satellites
• On the secular behavior of dust particles in an eccentric protoplanetary disk with an embedded massive gas giant planet
• The interplay between pebble and planetesimal accretion in population synthesis models and its role in giant planet formation
• A major asymmetric ice trap in a planet-forming disk IV. Nitric oxide gas and a lack of CN tracing sublimating ices and a C/O ratio $<1$
• Exciting spiral arms in protoplanetary discs from flybys
• Saving super-Earths: Interplay between pebble accretion and type I migration
• Systematic Multi-Epoch Monitoring of LkCa 15: Dynamic Dust Structures on Solar-System Scales
• Migrating Low-Mass Planets in Inviscid Dusty Protoplanetary Discs
• Wide Dust Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks Induced by Eccentric Planets: A Mass-Eccentricity Degeneracy
• A sub-grid model for the growth of dust particles in hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disks
• Herschel PACS observations of 4-10 Myr old Classical T Tauri stars in Orion OB1
• Influence of grain sizes and composition on the contraction rates of planetary envelopes and on planetary migration
• Changing disc compositions via internal photoevaporation I: Solar-mass stars
• Effects of pebble accretion on the growth and composition of planetesimals in the inner Solar System
• High-resolution ALMA observations of compact discs in the wide-binary system Sz 65 and Sz 66
• PGNets: Planet mass prediction using convolutional neural networks for radio continuum observations of protoplanetary disks
• Chemo-dynamical simulations of dwarf galaxy evolution
• Panchromatic Imaging of a Transitional Disk: The Disk of GM Aur in Optical and FUV Scattered Light
• Distinguishing Magnetized Disc Winds from Turbulent Viscosity through Substructure Morphology in Planet-forming Discs
• Gap Formation in the Dust Layer of 3D Protoplanetary Disks
• Turbulent Disk Viscosity and the Bifurcation of Planet Formation Histories
• Radiation-pressure-driven sub-Keplerian rotation of the disc around the AGB star L2 Pup
• Formation of the First Planetesimals via the Streaming Instability in Globally Turbulent Protoplanetary Disks?
• Circumstellar dust distribution in systems with two planets in resonance
• Constraining giant planet formation with synthetic ALMA images of the Solar System's natal protoplanetary disk
• How external photo-evaporation changes the chemical composition of the inner disc
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{I}$. Steady-state model
• Size-selective accretion of dust onto CPDs: Low CPD masses and filtration of larger grains
• A Staggered Semi-Analytic Method for Simulating Dust Grains Subject to Gas Drag
• Emerging population of gap-opening planets around type-A stars -- Long-term evolution of the forming planets around HD 163296
• Hiding in the Shadows II: Collisional Dust as Exoplanet Markers
• Dust ring and gap formation by gas flow induced by low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary disks $\mathrm{II}$. Time-dependent model
• Changing disc compositions via internal photoevaporation II: M dwarf systems
• The evolution of a circumplanetary disc with a dead zone
• How disc initial conditions sculpt the atmospheric composition of giant planets
• Dynamics of small, constant size particles in a protoplanetary disk with an embedded protoplanet
• Constraining the formation history of the HAT-P-11 system by atmospheric abundances
• Solid accretion onto planetary cores in radiative disks
• Interpreting the atmospheric composition of exoplanets: sensitivity to planet formation assumptions
• The formation of planetary systems with SPICA
• Linking Outer Disk Pebble Dynamics and Gaps to Inner Disk Water Enrichment
• Constraining the mass of the planet(s) sculpting a disk cavity. The intriguing case of 2MASS J16042165-2130284
• A multi-fluid approach for polydisperse pebble accretion: From particles to fluids, establishing the multifluid framework