Exciting spiral arms in protoplanetary discs from flybys

Abstract

Spiral arms are observed in numerous protoplanetary discs. These spiral arms can be excited by companions, either on bound or unbound orbits. We simulate a scenario where an unbound perturber, i.e. a flyby, excites spiral arms during a periastron passage. We run three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a parabolic flyby encountering a gaseous protoplanetary disc. The perturber mass ranges from $10{\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{J}}$ to $1{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. The perturber excites a two-armed spiral structure, with a more prominent spiral feature for higher mass perturbers. The two arms evolve over time, eventually winding up, consistent with previous works. We focus on analysing the pattern speed and pitch angle of these spirals during the whole process. The initial pattern speed of the two arms are close to the angular velocity of the perturber at periastron, and then it decreases over time. The pitch angle also decreases over time as the spiral winds up. The spirals disappear after several local orbital times. An inclined prograde orbit flyby induces similar disc substructures as a coplanar flyby. A solar-mass flyby event causes increased eccentricity growth in the protoplanetary disc, leading to an eccentric disc structure which dampens over time. The spirals' morphology and the disc eccentricity can be used to search for potential unbound stars or planets around discs where a flyby is suspected. Future disc observations at high resolution and dedicated surveys will help to constrain the frequency of such stellar encounters in nearby star-forming regions.

arXiv comment17 pages, 18 figures, accepted to MNRAS

References in corpus (129)

• Embedded Clusters in Molecular Clouds
• Disk Frequencies and Lifetimes in Young Clusters
• Spectral Energy Distributions of T Tauri Stars With Passive Circumstellar Disks
• Dynamical Outcomes of Planet-Planet Scattering
• SPLASH: An interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations
• Spitzer Space Telescope study of disks in the young $\sigma$ Orionis cluster
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures
• Dust and Gas in the disc of HL Tauri: Surface density, dust settling, and dust-to-gas ratio
• Phantom: A smoothed particle hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics code for astrophysics
• Particle Clumping and Planetesimal Formation Depend Strongly on Metallicity
• Discovery of Small-Scale Spiral Structures in the Disk of SAO 206462 (HD 135344B): Implications for the Physical State of the Disk from Spiral Density Wave Theory
• Mass Flow and Accretion through gaps in Accretion Discs
• Dynamics of Solids in the Midplane of Protoplanetary Disks: Implications for Planetesimal Formation
• ALMA Survey of Lupus Protoplanetary Disks II: Gas Disk Radii
• Spiral Density Waves in a Young Protoplanetary Disk
• Dust filtration at gap edges: Implications for the spectral energy distributions of discs with embedded planets
• 2MASS Observations of the Perseus, Orion A, Orion B, and Monoceros R2 Molecular Clouds
• Concentrating small particles in protoplanetary disks through the streaming instability
• Weak Turbulence in the HD 163296 Protoplanetary Disk Revealed by ALMA CO Observations
• Protoplanetary disk lifetimes vs stellar mass and possible implications for giant planet populations
• Initial Conditions of Planet Formation: Lifetimes of Primordial Disks
• Spiral Arms in the Asymmetrically Illuminated Disk of MWC 758 and Constraints on Giant Planets
• A Spitzer view of protoplanetary disks in the gamma Velorum cluster
• The effects of fly-bys on planetary systems
• Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks II: Spiral Arms Observed in Scattered Light Imaging Can be Induced by Planets
• Destruction of protoplanetary disks in the Orion Nebula Cluster
• The Structure of Spiral Shocks Excited by Planetary-mass Companions
• Dust flow in gas disks in the presence of embedded planets
• The Great Escape: How Exoplanets and Smaller Bodies Desert Dying Stars
• On the diffusive propagation of warps in thin accretion discs
• Planetary System Disruption by Galactic Perturbations to Wide Binary Stars
• A Catalog of Young Stellar Groups and Clusters Within 1kpc of the Sun
• On the tilting of protostellar disks by resonant tidal effects
• Measuring turbulent motion in planet-forming disks with ALMA: A detection around DM Tau and non-detections around MWC 480 and V4046 Sgr
• Protoplanetary disc truncation mechanisms in stellar clusters: comparing external photoevaporation and tidal encounters
• The Eccentric Cavity, Triple Rings, Two-Armed Spirals, and Double Clumps of the MWC 758 Disk
• On the wake generated by a planet in a disc
• Dynamics of Planetary Systems in Star Clusters
• Thresholds for Particle Clumping by the Streaming Instability
• On the convergence of the critical cooling timescale for the fragmentation of self-gravitating discs
• The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP): IV. Characterizing substructures and interactions in disks around multiple star systems
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: I. Gas and dust dynamics
• A highly settled disk around Oph 163131
• Self-induced dust traps: overcoming planet formation barriers
• On Gas-Drag Induced Rapid Migration of Solids in a Non-Uniform Solar Nebula
• A comparison between grid and particle methods on the statistics of driven, supersonic, isothermal turbulence
• Three-dimensional waves generated at Lindblad resonances in thermally stratified disks
• Grand Design Spiral Arms in A Young Forming Circumstellar Disk
• The hydrodynamical response of a tilted circumbinary disc: linear theory and non-linear numerical simulations
• Planet-driven spiral arms in protoplanetary disks: I. Formation mechanism
• Discovery of a Two-Armed Spiral Structure in the Gapped Disk in HD 100453
• Early evolution of the birth cluster of the solar system
• Collisional Cascades in Planetesimal Disks I. Stellar Flybys
• A tidal encounter caught in the act: modelling a star-disc fly-by in the young RW Aurigae system
• Cross Sections for Planetary Systems Interacting with Passing Stars and Binaries
• On the origin of the spiral morphology in the Elias 2-27 circumstellar disc
• Tidally induced brown dwarf and planet formation in circumstellar discs
• Spiral arms in the proto-planetary disc HD100453 detected with ALMA: evidence for binary-disc interaction and a vertical temperature gradient
• The evolution of large cavities and disc eccentricity in circumbinary discs
• Encounter-Triggered Disc Mass Loss in the ONC
• External photoevaporation of circumstellar disks constrains the timescale for planet formation
• Spiral Arms in Disks: Planets or Gravitational Instability?
• Dust-trapping vortices and a potentially planet-triggered spiral wake in the pre-transitional disk of V1247 Orionis
• Precession and accretion in circumbinary discs: The case of HD 104237
• Protoplanetary disc evolution affected by star-disc interactions in young stellar clusters
• Disks Around T Tauri Stars with SPHERE (DARTTS-S) II: Twenty-one new polarimetric images of young stellar disks
• Effects of Dynamical Evolution of Giant Planets on Survival of Terrestrial Planets
• Density Waves Excited by Low-Mass Planets in Protoplanetary Disks I: Linear Regime
• Flybys in protoplanetary discs: II. Observational signatures
• How Bright are Planet-Induced Spiral Arms in Scattered Light?
• Planets In Young Massive Clusters: On the survivability of planets in young massive clusters and its implication of planet orbital architectures in globular clusters
• A terrestrial-mass rogue planet candidate detected in the shortest-timescale microlensing event
• Multiple spiral arms in the disk around intermediate-mass binary HD 34700A
• Influence of massive planet scattering on nascent terrestrial planets
• Cluster dynamics largely shapes protoplanetary disc sizes
• Preferential Accretion and Circumbinary Disk Precession in Eccentric Binary Systems
• Generation of highly inclined protoplanetary discs through single stellar flybys
• Ongoing flyby in the young multiple system UX Tauri
• Stellar disk destruction by dynamical interactions in the Orion Trapezium star cluster
• A dynamical measurement of the disk mass in Elias 2-27
• A dusty filament and turbulent CO spirals in HD135344B-SAO206462
• The effects of disk self-gravity and radiative cooling on the formation of gaps and spirals by young planets
• Free-floating planets from core accretion theory: microlensing predictions
• On the planetary interpretation of multiple gaps and rings in protoplanetary disks seen by ALMA
• Disc-Disc Encounters between Low-Mass Protoplanetary Accretion Discs
• Outer solar system possibly shaped by a stellar fly-by
• The Demographics of Rocky Free-Floating Planets and their Detectability by WFIRST
• Spiral arms in thermally stratified protoplanetary discs
• Dynamics of Planetary Systems Within Star Clusters: Aspects of the Solar System's Early Evolution
• Evidence of a past disc-disc encounter: HV and DO Tau
• Are Elias 2-27's spiral arms driven by self-gravity, or by a companion? A comparative spiral morphology study
• Survival of habitable planets in unstable planetary systems
• The impact of planet wakes on the location and shape of the water iceline in a protoplanetary disk
• Spirals inside the millimeter cavity of transition disk SR 21
• Spectral signatures of disk eccentricity in young binary systems: I. Circumprimary case
• Tidal origin of spiral arms in galaxies orbiting a cluster
• The role of the energy equation in the fragmentation of protostellar discs during stellar encounters
• On the rise times in FU Orionis events
• On the Correlation between Hot Jupiters and Stellar Clustering: High-eccentricity Migration Induced by Stellar Flybys
• The Planetary Luminosity Problem: "Missing Planets" and the Observational Consequences of Episodic Accretion
• Fly-by encounters between two planetary systems II: Exploring the interactions of diverse planetary system architectures
• Streaming instability of multiple particle species II -- Numerical convergence with increasing particle number
• Planetary Architectures in Interacting Stellar Environments
• Spirals, shadows & precession in HD 100453 -- I. The orbit of the binary
• Effects of inclined star-disk encounter on protoplanetary disk size
• Sustained FU Orionis-type outbursts from colliding discs in stellar flybys
• Binary-induced spiral arms inside the disc cavity of AB Aurigae
• Flyby-induced misalignments in planet-hosting discs
• Spiral structures in gravito-turbulent gaseous disks
• Dust growth, fragmentation and self-induced dust traps in PHANTOM
• Excitation of vertical breathing motion in disc galaxies by tidally-induced spirals in fly-by interactions
• A Numerical Study of Brown Dwarf Formation via Encounters of Protostellar Disks
• Disrupting Primordial Planet Signatures: The Close Encounter of Two Single-Planet Exosystems in the Galactic Disc
• The evolution of pitch angles of spiral arms
• The SPHERE view of three interacting twin disc systems in polarised light
• Observing planet-driven dust spirals with ALMA
• Stellar Flyby Analysis for Spiral Arm Hosts with Gaia DR3
• Particle Dynamics in 3D Self-gravitating Disks I: Spirals
• From star-disc encounters to numerical solutions for a subset of the restricted three-body problem
• A Simple Time-Dependent Method for Calculating Spirals: Applications to Eccentric Planets in Protoplanetary discs
• The origin of tail-like structures around protoplanetary disks
• A Tight Relation between Spiral Arm Pitch Angle and Protoplanetary Disk Mass
• On Shocks Driven by High-mass Planets in Radiatively Inefficient Disks. III. Observational Signatures in Thermal Emission and Scattered Light
• Does the mass distribution in discs influence encounter-induced losses in young star clusters?
• Stellar Flybys Interrupting Planet-Planet Scattering Generates Oort Planets
• Accretion onto a binary from a polar circumbinary disc
• Inclination Excitation of Solar System Debris Disk due to Stellar Flybys
• The protoplanetary disc around HD 169142: circumstellar or circumbinary?
• Giant planet swaps during close stellar encounters

Cited by in corpus (6)

• Disk Evolution Study Through Imaging of Nearby Young Stars (DESTINYS): HD 34700 A unveils an inner ring
• V892 Tau: A tidally perturbed circumbinary disc in a triple stellar system
• The Circumbinary Disk of HD 34700A: I. CO gas kinematics indicate spirals, infall, and vortex motions
• Dust trapping in protoplanetary discs after stellar flybys
• Warps survive beyond fly-by encounters in protoplanetary disks. RW Aur A as a case study
• The Periastron Passage of T Tauri South B as Viewed by ALMA: Millimeter Flux Variations and Dust Heating Triggered by Orbital Motion