A Significant Population of Red, Near-IR Selected High Redshift Galaxies

Abstract

We use very deep near-infrared photometry of the Hubble Deep Field South taken with ISAAC/VLT to identify a population of high redshift galaxies with rest- frame optical colors similar to those of nearby galaxies. The galaxies are chosen by their infrared colors Js-Ks > 2.3, aimed at selecting galaxies with redshifts above 2. When applied to our dataset, we find 14 galaxies with Ks < 22.5, corresponding to a surface density of 3+-0.8 /arcmin**2. The photometric redshifts all lie above 1.9, with a median of 2.6 and a rms of 0.7. The spectral energy distributions of these galaxies show a wide range: one is very blue in the rest-frame UV, and satisfies the normal Lyman-break criteria for high redshift, star-forming galaxies. Others are quite red throughout the observed spectral range, and are extremely faint in the optical, with a median V = 26.6. Hence these galaxies would not be included in photometric samples based on optical ground-based data, and spectroscopic follow-up is difficult. The spectral energy distributions often show a prominent break, identified as the Balmer break or 4000 Ang. break. The median age is 1 Gyr when fit with a constant star formation model with dust, or 0.7 Gyr when fit with a single burst model. Although significantly younger ages cannot be excluded when a larger range of models is allowed, the results indicate that these galaxies are among the oldest at these redshifts. The volume density to Ks=22.5 is half that of Lyman-break galaxies at z = 3. Since the mass-to-light ratios of the red galaxies are likely to be higher, the stellar mass density is inferred to be comparable to that of Lyman-break galaxies. These red galaxies may be the descendants of galaxies which started to form stars at very high redshifts, and they may evolve into the most massive galaxies at low redshift.

LaTex, 5 pages and 4 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters. See also related preprints on astroph today by Daddi et al and van Dokkum et al

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• UV to IR Luminosities and Dust Attenuation Determined from ~4000 K-Selected Galaxies at 1<z<3 in the ZFOURGE Survey
• The interstellar medium and feedback in the progenitors of the compact passive galaxies at z~2
• Subaru/MOIRCS Near-Infrared Imaging in the Proto-Cluster Region at z=3.1
• The DEEP2 Redshift Survey: Lyman Alpha Emitters in the Spectroscopic Database
• Where are the Cosmic Metals at z~3?
• Masses of high-z galaxy hosting haloes from angular clustering and their evolution in the CDM model
• Using ALMA to resolve the nature of the early star-forming large-scale structure PLCK G073.4-57.5
• The Stellar Population and Star Formation Rates of z~1.5-1.6 [O II] Emitting Galaxies Selected from Narrow-Band Emission-Line Surveys
• Multi-Wavelength Study of a Complete IRAC 3.6micron-Selected Galaxy Sample: a Fair Census of Red and Blue Populations at Redshifts 0.4-1
• Discovery of extended infrared emission around the neutron star RX J0806.4-4123
• An exquisitely deep view of quenching galaxies through the gravitational lens: Stellar population, morphology, and ionized gas
• A census of galaxy constituents in a Coma Progenitor observed at z>3
• A detailed study of massive galaxies in a protocluster at z=3.13
• The Properties of Hα Emission-Line Galaxies at z = 2.24
• A new free-floating planet in the Upper Scorpius association
• The SCUBA HAlf Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) -- V. Submillimetre properties of near-infrared--selected galaxies in the Subaru/XMM--Newton deep field
• Stellar Velocity Dispersion for a Strongly-Lensed, Intermediate-Mass Quiescent Galaxy at z=2.8
• Using the 1.6um Bump to Study Rest-frame NIR Selected Galaxies at Redshift 2
• Chandra Constraints on the AGN Fraction and Star Formation Rate of Red z>~2 Galaxies in the FIRES MS1054-03 Field
• A blind CO detection of a Distant Red Galaxy in the HS1700+64 proto-cluster
• Unsupervised feature-learning for galaxy SEDs with denoising autoencoders
• Dusty ERO Search behind Two Massive Clusters
• Stellar Kinematics and Populations of Early-Type Galaxies with the SAURON and OASIS Integral-Field Spectrographs
• Thirty-fold: Extreme gravitational lensing of a quiescent galaxy at $z=1.6$
• The contribution of very massive high-redshift SWIRE galaxies to the stellar mass function
• Estimating sizes of faint, distant galaxies in the submillimetre regime
• The Mass-Dependent Clustering History of K-selected Galaxies at z < 4 in the SXDS/UDS Field
• A Strongly-Lensed Massive Ultra-Compact Quiescent Galaxy at z ~ 2.4 in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Field
• The numbers of z~2 star-forming and passive galaxies in 2.5 square degrees of deep CFHT imaging
• IRAC Photometric Analysis and the Mid-IR Photometric Properties of Lyman Break Galaxies
• The ESO-Spitzer Imaging extragalactic Survey (ESIS) II: VIMOS I,z wide field imaging of ELAIS-S1 and selection of distant massive galaxies
• Passive and star-forming galaxies at $1.4\le z\le 2.5$ in the Aegis field
• Galaxy Collisions - Dawn of a New Era
• Massive Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3 in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey
• The massive dark halo of the compact, early-type galaxy NGC 1281
• An ALMA survey of sub-millimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Sub-millimeter properties of color-selected galaxies
• The UV to FIR spectral energy distribution of star-forming galaxies in the redshift desert
• Assessing the Predictive Power of Galaxy Formation Models: A Comparison of Predicted and Observed Rest-Frame Optical Luminosity Functions at 2.0<z<3.3
• Photometric Properties of the Most Massive High-Redshift Galaxies
• On the Stellar Populations in Faint Red Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• First simultaneous optical/near-infrared imaging of an X-ray selected, high-redshift cluster of galaxies with GROND: the galaxy population of XMMU J0338.7+0030 at z=1.1
• AEGIS: A Panchromatic Study of IRAC-selected Extremely Red Objects with Confirmed Spectroscopic Redshifts
• Keck Deep Fields. IV. Luminosity Dependent Clustering and Galaxy Downsizing in UV-Selected Galaxies at z=4, 3, and 2
• VLT/X-Shooter Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and HST Imaging of Gravitationally-Lensed z~2 Compact Quiescent Galaxies
• Cosmic Star Formation: Constraints on the Galaxy Formation Models
• Clustering of Extremely Red Objects in Elais-N1 from the UKIDSS DXS with optical photometry from Pan-STARRS1 and Subaru
• A multi-wavelength approach to the properties of Extremely Red Galaxy populations: I - Contribution to the Star Formation Rate density and AGN content
• Spectroscopy and Stellar Populations of Star-forming Galaxies at z~3 in the Hubble Deep Field - South
• On the limits of measuring the bulge and disk properties of local and high-redshift massive galaxies
• Early results from GLASS-JWST XV: properties of the faintest red sources in the NIRCAM deep fields
• Stellar Populations of Luminous Evolved Galaxies at z~1.5
• Dust-obscured star formation and the contribution of galaxies escaping UV/optical color selections at z~2
• The first gigayear of bulge star formation in Virgo ellipticals: constraints from their globular cluster systems
• Observations of the High Redshift Universe
• The z ~ 4 Lyman Break Galaxies: Colors and Theoretical Predictions
• Rest-frame ultra-violet spectra of massive galaxies at z=3: evidence of high-velocity outflows
• The Impact of Starbursts and Post-Starbursts on the Photometric Evolution of High Redshift Galaxies
• Large scale structures around radio galaxies at z~1.5
• MAMBO 1.2 Millimeter observations of BzK-selected star-forming Galaxies at z~2
• The nature of the red disk-like galaxies at high redshift: dust attenuation and intrinsically red stellar populations
• Small Scale Systems of Galaxies. III. X-ray detected E+S galaxy pairs in low density environments
• An overdensity of red galaxies around the hyperluminous dust-obscured quasar W1835$+$4355 at $z=2.3$
• Medium-resolution spectroscopy of galaxies with redshifts 2.3 < z < 3.5
• The Deep Optical Imaging of the Extended Groth Strip
• Linking galaxies to dark matter haloes at $z\sim 1$ : dependence of galaxy clustering on stellar mass and specific star formation rate
• Near-Infrared Survey and Photometric Redshifts in the Extended GOODS-North field
• Number Density Evolution of Ks -band Selected High Redshift Galaxy Populations in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field
• Angular clustering of z~2 star-forming and passive galaxies in 2.5 square degrees of deep CFHT imaging
• The very wide-field $gzK$ galaxy survey -- II. The relationship between star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2$ and their host haloes based upon HOD modelling
• Selection and Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of Ultraluminous Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2
• Cosmological Growth History of Supermassive Black Holes and Demographics in the High-z Universe : Do Lyman-Break Galaxies Have Supermassive Black Holes?
• Spitzer Observations of Red Galaxies: Implication for High-Redshift Star Formation
• A galaxy populations study of a radio-selected protocluster at z~3.1
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Stellar properties of z ~ 1 Lyman-break galaxies from ACS slitless grism spectra
• SED-inferred properties and morphology of Lyman-break galaxies at $z\sim 1$ in the CDF-S
• Extending PLE models into the mid-IR, far-IR & sub-mm
• Dynamical virial masses of Lyman-break galaxy haloes at z=3
• Morphology and structure of BzK-selected galaxies at z~2 in the CANDELS-COSMOS field
• Optical detection of a GMRT-detected candidate high-redshift radio galaxy with 3.6-m Devasthal optical telescope
• Rest-Frame Ultraviolet to Near Infrared Observations of an Interacting Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 4.42
• Even redder than we knew: color and $A_{\mathrm{V}}$ evolution up to $z=2.5$ from JWST/NIRCam photometry
• On the Photometric Redshift Estimates for FR II Radio Galaxies
• The distant red galaxy neighbour population of 1 < z < 2 QSOs and optically obscured sources
• LSD and AMAZE: the mass-metallicity relation at z>3
• Is the Optically Unidentified Radio Source, FIRST J121839.7+295325, a Dark Lens?
• A Catalogue of Potential Adaptive Optics Survey Fields from the UKIRT Archive
• Identifying and Characterizing the Most Heavily Dust-Obscured Galaxies at $1\le z\le 4$
• The FIRST radio survey: Panchromatic properties of FIRST radio sources identified in the Bootes and Cetus fields
• DLAs and Galaxy Formation
• Massive galaxies at redshift 2 in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations
• Observing Cluster Galaxies and their Progenitors with JDEM
• From z>6 to z~2: Unearthing Galaxies at the Edge of the Dark Ages
• Physical properties of distant red galaxies in the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field