A Concise Primer on Solid-State Quantum Emitters
arXiv:2506.06684 · doi:10.1109/JSTQE.2025.3573986
Abstract
Quantum emitters serve as essential on-demand photonic resources, generating quantum states of light such as single photons and entangled photon pairs while serving as interfaces between light and matter. Buried in the solid state, quantum emitters enable a straightforward adoption of advanced nanofabrication techniques, facilitating precise engineering of their photonic environment for scalable quantum technologies. In this review, we introduce the fundamentals of quantum emitters and the key metrics characterising their performance. We highlight three material platforms: quantum dots, defect centres in diamond, and defect centres in silicon carbide. We summarise the recent developments of these platforms and discuss their advancements in quantum applications, including quantum communication, computation, and sensing. Finally, we provide a comparison across the three platforms, along with an outlook on future directions and potential challenges.
19 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
References in corpus (149)
- The Quantum Internet
- Quantum sensing
- On the Measurement of Qubits
- Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures
- Sensing electric fields using single diamond spins
- Near optimal single photon sources in the solid state
- Optical Quantum Computing
- Single-Photon Switching and Entanglement of Solid-State Qubits in an Integrated Nanophotonic System
- Realization of a multi-node quantum network of remote solid-state qubits
- Coherent control of single spins in silicon carbide at room temperature
- A bright and fast source of coherent single photons
- Deterministic delivery of remote entanglement on a quantum network
- Boson sampling with 20 input photons in 60-mode interferometers at state spaces
- Magneto-optical trapping of a diatomic molecule
- Probing magnetism in 2D materials at the nanoscale with single spin microscopy
- Isolated electron spins in silicon carbide with millisecond-coherence times
- Indistinguishable photons from separated silicon-vacancy centers in diamond
- Silicon-Vacancy Spin Qubit in Diamond: A Quantum Memory Exceeding 10 ms with Single-Shot State Readout
- Towards optimal single-photon sources from polarized microcavities
- A 10-qubit solid-state spin register with quantum memory up to one minute
- Resonant enhancement of the zero-phonon emission from a color center in a diamond cavity
- Large-scale integration of near-indistinguishable artificial atoms in hybrid photonic circuits
- Polytype control of spin qubits in silicon carbide
- Entanglement Distillation between Solid-State Quantum Network Nodes
- Qubit teleportation between non-neighboring nodes in a quantum network
- Generation of heralded entanglement between distant hole spins
- Laser writing of coherent colour centres in diamond
- Chip-scale nanofabrication of single spins and spin arrays in diamond
- Experimental device-independent quantum key distribution between distant users
- High Purcell factor generation of coherent on-chip single photons
- Quantum Nonlinear Optics with a Germanium-Vacancy Color Center in a Nanoscale Diamond Waveguide
- Scalable integrated single-photon source
- One-second coherence for a single electron spin coupled to a multi-qubit nuclear-spin environment
- Entanglement of Nanophotonic Quantum Memory Nodes in a Telecom Network
- Telecom-heralded entanglement between remote multimode solid-state quantum memories
- High-fidelity spin and optical control of single silicon vacancy centres in silicon carbide
- On-demand generation of background--free single photons from a solid-state source
- Single-photon nonlinear optics with a quantum dot in a waveguide
- Highly indistinguishable and strongly entangled photons from symmetric GaAs quantum dots
- Electrical and optical control of single spins integrated in scalable semiconductor devices
- Coherent control and single-shot readout of a rare-earth ion embedded in a nanophotonic cavity
- A gated quantum dot far in the strong-coupling regime of cavity-QED at optical frequencies
- Fault-tolerant operation of a logical qubit in a diamond quantum processor
- Droplet Epitaxy of Semiconductor Nanostructures for Quantum Photonic Devices
- Hybrid integration of solid-state quantum emitters on a silicon photonic chip
- Integrated quantum photonics with silicon carbide: challenges and prospects
- Electrically and mechanically tunable electron spins in silicon carbide color centers
- On-Chip Single-Photon Sifter
- Robust multi-qubit quantum network node with integrated error detection
- BosonSampling with single-photon Fock states from a bright solid-state source
- Excited-state spectroscopy using single-spin manipulation in diamond
- Coherent control of the silicon-vacancy spin in diamond
- Strain-Tunable GaAs Quantum dot: A Nearly Dephasing-Free Source of Entangled Photon Pairs on Demand
- Transform-limited photons from a coherent tin-vacancy spin in diamond
- Near Transform-Limited Single Photons from an Efficient Solid-State Quantum Emitter
- Nanofabricated and integrated colour centres in silicon carbide with high-coherence spin-optical properties
- Optical signatures of silicon-vacancy spins in diamond
- Exploring Dephasing of a Solid-State Quantum Emitter via Time- and Temperature- Dependent Hong-Ou-Mandel Experiments
- Isolated spin qubits in SiC with a high-fidelity infrared spin-to-photon interface
- Controlling the coherence of a diamond spin qubit through strain engineering
- Phonon limit to simultaneous near-unity efficiency and indistinguishability in semiconductor single photon sources
- Long-distance free-space measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
- Quantum dots for photonic quantum information technology
- Optical and microwave control of germanium-vacancy center spins in diamond
- Laser writing of individual atomic defects in a crystal with near-unity yield
- Low-Noise GaAs Quantum Dots for Quantum Photonics
- Quantum dot single photon sources with ultra-low multi-photon probability
- Quantum Interference of Identical Photons from Remote GaAs Quantum Dots
- Bright room temperature single photon source at telecom range in cubic silicon carbide
- Entanglement swapping with photons generated on-demand by a quantum dot
- Coherent Acoustic Control of a Single Silicon Vacancy Spin in Diamond
- Quantum cryptography with highly entangled photons from semiconductor quantum dots
- Hole spin dephasing time associated to hyperfine interaction in quantum dots
- Optical parametric oscillation in silicon carbide nanophotonics
- Quantum properties of dichroic silicon vacancies in silicon carbide
- Locking of electron spin coherence over fifty milliseconds in natural silicon carbide
- Bright Polarized Single-Photon Source Based on a Linear Dipole
- Toolbox for entanglement detection and fidelity estimation
- Ultrafast, all-optical coherent control of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond
- All-optical control of the silicon-vacancy spin in diamond at millikelvin temperatures
- Spectroscopic Investigations of Negatively Charged Tin-Vacancy Centres in Diamond
- Single-molecule Scale Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy using Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond
- Sequential generation of linear cluster states from a single photon emitter
- Silicon carbide for integrated photonics
- Twin-field quantum key distribution without optical frequency dissemination
- Phonon-assisted two-photon interference from remote quantum emitters
- Triggered single-photon generation and resonance fluorescence in ultra-low loss integrated photonic circuits
- Optically coherent nitrogen-vacancy centers in μm-thin etched diamond membranes
- Deterministic integration of quantum dots into on-chip multi-mode interference beamsplitters using in-situ electron beam lithography
- Room temperature coherent manipulation of single-spin qubits in silicon carbide with a high readout contrast
- Spin-controlled generation of indistinguishable and distinguishable photons from silicon vacancy centres in silicon carbide
- Quantum interference of electromechanically stabilized emitters in nanophotonic devices
- Integration of Quantum Emitters with Lithium Niobate Photonics
- Quantum teleportation using highly coherent emission from telecom C-band quantum dots
- Resonance fluorescence of GaAs quantum dots with near-unity photon indistinguishability
- Coherently driving a single quantum two-level system with dichromatic laser pulses
- Signatures of two-photon pulses from a quantum two-level system
- Entanglement Swapping with Semiconductor-generated Photons
- Electrically driven optical interferometry with spins in silicon carbide
- Telecom networking with a diamond quantum memory
- Hybrid entanglement of three quantum memories with three photons
- Ideal refocusing of an optically active spin qubit under strong hyperfine interactions
- Diamond Integrated Quantum Photonics: A Review
- Generation of Tin-Vacancy Centers in Diamond via Shallow Ion Implantation and Subsequent Diamond Overgrowth
- Tailoring solid-state single-photon sources with stimulated emissions
- Optically addressable silicon vacancy-related spin centers in rhombic silicon carbide with high breakdown characteristics and ENDOR evidence of their structure
- Quantum optics with near lifetime-limited quantum-dot transitions in a nanophotonic waveguide
- SUPER Scheme in Action: Experimental Demonstration of Red-detuned Excitation of a Quantum Dot
- High-rate intercity quantum key distribution with a semiconductor single-photon source
- Hyper-entanglement of photons emitted by a quantum dot
- Fusion-based quantum computation
- Narrow-linewidth tin-vacancy centers in a diamond waveguide
- Entangling a Hole Spin with a Time-Bin Photon: A Waveguide Approach for Quantum Dot Sources of Multi-Photon Entanglement
- Single-emitter quantum key distribution over 175 km of fiber with optimised finite key rates
- Observation of large spontaneous emission rate enhancement of quantum dots in a broken-symmetry slow-light waveguide
- Nanomechanical single-photon routing
- Self-protected nanoscale thermometry based on spin defects in silicon carbide
- Optical spin locking of a solid-state qubit
- A Quantum Key Distribution Testbed using a Plug&Play Telecom-wavelength Single-Photon Source
- Low charge-noise nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond created using laser writing with a solid-immersion lens
- Nonlocal photonic quantum gates over 7.0 km
- On-Demand Generation of Indistinguishable Photons in the Telecom C-Band using Quantum Dot Devices
- nanoTesla magnetometry with the silicon vacancy in silicon carbide
- Stimulated generation of indistinguishable single photons from a quantum ladder system
- Germanium Vacancy in Diamond Quantum Memory Exceeding 20 ms
- Radiative Auger Process in the Single-Photon Limit
- Telecom-band quantum interference of frequency-converted photons from remote detuned NV centers
- Deterministic Laser Writing of Spin Defects in Nanophotonic Cavities
- Deterministic photon source of genuine three-qubit entanglement
- Experimental Generation of Spin-Photon Entanglement in Silicon Carbide
- Double-Pulse Generation of Indistinguishable Single Photons with Optically Controlled Polarization
- Optical Memory in a Microfabricated Rubidium Vapor Cell
- Shallow Silicon Vacancy Centers with lifetime-limited optical linewidths in Diamond Nanostructures
- Quantum interference of resonance fluorescence from Germanium-vacancy color centers in diamond
- Impact of surface and laser-induced noise on the spectral stability of implanted nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond
- Enhanced Electron Spin Coherence in a GaAs Quantum Emitter
- Electric-field-induced energy tuning of on-demand entangled-photon emission from self-assembled quantum dots
- High quality-factor diamond-confined open microcavity
- Wavelength-tunable high-fidelity entangled photon sources enabled by dual Stark effects
- Engineering Phonon-Qubit Interactions using Phononic Crystals
- On-demand source of dual-rail photon pairs based on chiral interaction in a nanophotonic waveguide
- Coherent Coupling of a Diamond Tin-Vacancy Center to a Tunable Open Microcavity
- Large-Range Frequency Tuning of a Narrow-Linewidth Quantum Emitter
- Room-Temperature entangled quantum processor on integrated semiconductor photonics platform
- Schrödinger cats in quantum-dot--cavity systems
- The Mollow triplets under few-photon excitation
- Check-probe spectroscopy of lifetime-limited emitters in bulk-grown silicon carbide
- Vibrational enhancement of quadrature squeezing and phase sensitivity in resonance fluorescence
- All-optical ultrafast arbitrary rotation of hole orbital qubits with direct phase control