Optical detection of Mott and generalized Wigner crystal states in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices

Abstract

Moiré superlattices are emerging as a new route for engineering strongly correlated electronic states in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, as recently demonstrated in the correlated insulating and superconducting states in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and ABC trilayer graphene/boron nitride moiré superlattices. Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) moiré heterostructures provide another exciting model system to explore correlated quantum phenomena, with the addition of strong light-matter interactions and large spin-orbital coupling. Here we report the optical detection of strongly correlated phases in semiconducting WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices. Our sensitive optical detection technique reveals a Mott insulator state at one hole per superlattice site (ν = 1), and surprising insulating phases at fractional filling factors ν = 1/3 and 2/3, which we assign to generalized Wigner crystallization on an underlying lattice. Furthermore, the unique spin-valley optical selection rules of TMDC heterostructures allow us to optically create and investigate low-energy spin excited states in the Mott insulator. We reveal an especially slow spin relaxation lifetime of many microseconds in the Mott insulating state, orders-of-magnitude longer than that of charge excitations. Our studies highlight novel correlated physics that can emerge in moiré superlattices beyond graphene.

arXiv comment25 pages, 7 figures

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Cited by in corpus (444)

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• Quantum Criticality in Twisted Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
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• Signatures of bilayer Wigner crystals in a transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructure
• Observation of Wigner crystal of electrons in a monolayer semiconductor
• Stripe phases in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices
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• Two-Dimensional Moiré Polaronic Electron Crystals
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• Exciton and light induced ferromagnetism from doping a moiré Mott insulator
• Charge and spin properties of a generalized Wigner crystal realized in the moiré WSe${}_2$/WS${}_2$ heterobilayer
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• Phonons of electronic crystals in two-dimensional semiconductor moiré patterns
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• Fractionalization as an alternate to charge ordering in electronic insulators
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• Dominant 1/3-filling Correlated Insulator States and Orbital Geometric Frustration in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
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• Two-dimensional electrons at mirror and twistronic twin boundaries in van der Waals ferroelectrics
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• Electronic correlations in epitaxial graphene: Mott states proximitized to a relativistic electron gas
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• Direct observation of distinct minibands in moiré superlattices
• Hydrogenic Spin-Valley states of the Bromine donor in 2H-MoTe${}_2$
• Melting of electronic and excitonic crystals in 2D semiconductor moiré patterns: a perspective from the Lindemann criterion
• Giant moire trapping of excitons in twisted hBN
• Vacancy-induced tunable Kondo effect in twisted bilayer graphene
• Understanding Disorder in Monolayer Graphene Devices with Gate-Defined Superlattices
• Moiré flat bands and antiferroelectric domains in lattice relaxed twisted bilayer hexagonal boron nitride under perpendicular electric fields
• Spin-valley magnetism on the triangular moiré lattice with SU(4) breaking interactions
• Quantum melting of generalized electron crystal in twisted bilayer MoSe2
• Twistronics and moiré superlattice physics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides
• Strain-dependent one-dimensional confinement channels in twisted bilayer 1T${}^{\prime }$-WTe${}_2$
• Electrically tunable high-Chern-number quasiflat bands in twisted antiferromagnetic topological insulators
• Strong Correlation Driven Quadrupolar to Dipolar Exciton Transitions in a Trilayer Moiré Superlattice
• Spatial filtering of interlayer exciton ground state in WSe2/MoS2 heterobilayer
• Quantum Phases in Twisted Homobilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides
• Magnetic properties of moiré quantum dot arrays
• Tunable superconductivity coexisting with the anomalous Hall effect in 1T'-WS2
• Programmable, Spontaneous Superlattice Memory in a Monolayer Topological Insulator
• Itinerant topological magnons and spin excitons in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides: Mapping electron topology to spin counterpart
• Interaction-induced reentrance of Bose glass and quench dynamics of Bose gases in twisted bilayer and quasicrystal optical lattices
• Angle evolution of the superconducting phase diagram in twisted bilayer WSe2
• Considerations for extracting moiré-level strain from dark field intensities in transmission electron microscopy
• Origin of interlayer exciton-phonon coupling in 2D heterostructures
• Quasi-boson approximation yields accurate correlation energy in the 2D electron gas
• Ab-initio study of the energy competition between Γand K valleys in bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Feshbach Resonances in Exciton-Charge-Carrier Scattering in Semiconductor Bilayers
• Stability of Wigner crystals and Mott insulators in twisted moiré structures
• Spin-polarized transport properties in magnetic moiré superlattices
• Pauli crystals -- interplay of symmetries
• Continuous Wigner-Mott transition at $\nu =1/5$
• Quantum simulation of honeycomb lattice model by high-order moiré pattern
• Magnetic field induced partially polarized chiral spin liquid in a transition metal dichalcogenide moiré system
• AC-Stark Spectroscopy of Interactions between Moiré Excitons and Polarons
• Electrically tunable and enhanced nonlinearity of moiré exciton-polaritons in transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Family of Aperiodic Tilings with Tunable Quantum Geometric Tensor
• Coexisting Kagome and Heavy Fermion Flat Bands in YbCr${}_6$Ge${}_6$
• Magnetism of the Bilayer Wigner Crystal
• Evidence of Mott Insulator with Thermally Induced Melting Behavior in Kagome Compound Nb3Cl8
• Robust topological superconductivity in spin-orbit coupled systems at higher-order van Hove filling
• Origin and stability of generalized Wigner crystallinity in triangular moiré systems
• Interplay between topology and electron-electron interactions in the moiré MoTe${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ heterobilayer
• Importance of electron-phonon coupling near the electron-liquid to Wigner-crystal transition in two-dimensional atomically thin materials
• Defect liquids in a weakly imbalanced bilayer Wigner Crystal
• Dynamic generation of spin spirals of moiré trapped carriers via exciton mediated spin interactions
• Resonant X-ray spectroscopies on Chromium $3\text{d}$ orbitals in CrSBr
• Crystallization of the transdimensional electron liquid
• Purely electronic model for exciton-polaron formation in moiré heterostructures
• Imaging local discharge cascades for correlated electrons in WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattices
• Full, three-quarter, half and quarter Wigner crystals in Bernal bilayer graphene
• Anyon-trions in atomically thin semiconductor heterostructures
• Moiré excitons in generalized Wigner crystals
• Review of the tight-binding method applicable to the properties of moiré superlattices
• Impact of an electron Wigner crystal on exciton propagation
• MoireStudio: A Universal Twisted Electronic Structure Calculation Package
• Optically tunable spin Hall effect in periodically driven monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Chiral phonons of honeycomb-type bilayer Wigner crystals
• Density Matrix Renormalization Group study of superconducting pairing near the quarter-filled Wigner crystal
• Effective K valley Hamiltonian for TMD bilayers under pressure and application to twisted bilayers with pressure-induced topological phase transitions
• Probing Quantum Anomalous Hall States in Twisted Bilayer WSe2 via Attractive Polaron Spectroscopy
• Cavity-Driven Attractive Interactions in Quantum Materials
• A polariton electric field sensor
• Energy spectrum and structure of one-dimensional few-electron Wigner crystals with and without coupling to light in cavity
• Interlayer couplings in homobilayer structures of MSi2X4 (M = Mo/W, X = N/P/As)
• Artificial electrostatic crystals: a new platform for creating correlated quantum states
• Hierarchical Disorder in Moiré Exciton Photoluminescence Probed by Spectral-Descriptor Correlations
• Magnetism from multiparticle ring exchange in moiré Wigner crystals
• Realization of independent contacts in barrier-separated InAs/GaSb quantum wells
• Optical signatures of -1/3 fractional quantum anomalous Hall state in twisted MoTe2
• Chern-Selective multi-valley Flat Bands in Twisted Mono-Bilayer and Mono-Trilayer MoTe${}_2$
• Energy Spectrum Theory of Incommensurate Systems
• Magnetic Field Effects and Transverse Ratchets in Charge Lattices Coupled to Asymmetric Substrates
• Kekulé order from diffuse nesting near higher-order Van Hove points
• Theory of Linear Magnetoresistance in a Strange Metal
• Fabrication and Characterization of the Moiré surface state on a topological insulator
• Stability of the Mott phase in excitonic double layers
• Interaction enhanced inter-site hoppings for holons and interlayer exciton insulators in moiré correlated insulators
• Unconventional superconductivity mediated by exciton density wave fluctuations
• Spin-textured Chern bands in AB-stacked transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
• Doping-induced Quantum Anomalous Hall Crystals and Topological Domain Walls
• Decomposing Electronic Structures in Twisted Multilayers: Bridging Spectra and Incommensurate Wave Functions
• Itinerant magnetism in the triangular lattice Hubbard model at half-doping: Application to twisted transition-metal dichalcogenides
• Resonant interlayer coupling in NbSe${}_2$-graphite epitaxial moir{é} superlattices
• Singular flat bands in three dimensions: Landau level spreading, quantum geometry, and Weyl reconstruction
• Higher Chern bands in helical homotrilayer transition metal dichalcogenides
• Quantum siphoning of finely spaced interlayer excitons in reconstructed MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructures
• Quantum melting a Wigner crystal into Hall liquids
• Engineering Hubbard models with gated two-dimensional moiré systems
• Elementary Excitations, Melting Temperature, and Correlation Energy in Wigner Crystals
• Non-Fermi liquid behaviour of CDW instabilities in fractionally-filled moiré flatbands
• SU(4) Kondo Lattice in Semiconductor Moiré Materials
• Defects in Wigner crystals: fracton-elasticity duality and vacancy proliferation
• Twister: Construction and structural relaxation of commensurate moiré superlattices
• Three-dimensional flat bands and possible interlayer triplet pairing superconductivity in the alternating twisted NbSe${}_2$ moiré bulk
• Pressure-Tunable Generalized Wigner Crystal and Fractional Chern Insulator in twisted MoTe${}_2$
• Incoherent tunneling and topological superconductivity in twisted cuprate bilayers
• Phonon Renormalization in Reconstructed MoS${}_2$ Moiré Superlattices
• Relaxation and Its Effects on Electronic Structure in Twisted Systems: An Analytical Perspective
• Scalable and deterministic construction of moiré superlattice in 2D materials using stressor films
• Emergent electronic insulating states in a one-dimensional moiré superlattice
• Competing instabilities of the extended Hubbard model on the triangular lattice: Truncated-unity functional renormalization group and application to moiré materials
• Electronic phonon-induced magnetism in moiré Mott-Wigner crystals
• Origin of Moiré Potentials in WS${}_2$/WSe${}_2$ Heterobilayers: Contributions from Lattice Reconstruction and Interlayer Charge Transfer
• Optical microscope based universal parameter for identifying layer number in two-dimensional materials
• Crystallizing electrons with artificially patterned lattices