BANYAN. VII. A New Population of Young Substellar Candidate Members of Nearby Moving Groups from the BASS Survey

Abstract

[Abbreviated] We present the results of a near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic follow-up survey of 182 M4-L7 low-mass stars and brown dwarfs (BDs) from the BANYAN All-Sky Survey (BASS) for candidate members of nearby, young moving groups (YMGs). We confirm signs of low-gravity for 42 new BD discoveries with estimated masses between 8-75 $M_{Jup}$ and identify previously unrecognized signs of low gravity for 24 known BDs. This allows us to refine the fraction of low-gravity dwarfs in the high-probability BASS sample to $\sim$82%. We use this unique sample of 66 young BDs, supplemented with 22 young BDs from the literature, to construct new empirical NIR absolute magnitude and color sequences for low-gravity BDs. We obtain a spectroscopic confirmation of low-gravity for 2MASS J14252798-3650229, which is a new $\sim$27 $M_{Jup}$, L4 $\gamma$ bona fide member of AB Doradus. We identify a total of 19 new low-gravity candidate members of YMGs with estimated masses below 13 $M_{Jup}$, seven of which have kinematically estimated distances within 40 pc. These objects will be valuable benchmarks for a detailed atmospheric characterization of planetary-mass objects with the next generation of instruments. We find 16 strong candidate members of the Tucana-Horologium association with estimated masses between 12.5-14 $M_{Jup}$, a regime where our study was particularly sensitive. This would indicate that for this association there is at least one isolated object in this mass range for every $17.5_{-5.0}^{+6.6}$ main-sequence stellar member, a number significantly higher than expected based on standard log-normal initial mass function, however in the absence of radial velocity and parallax measurements for all of them, it is likely that this over-density is caused by a number of young interlopers from other moving groups. We identify 12 new L0-L5 field BDs, seven of which display peculiar properties.

arXiv comment52 pages, 26 figures, 9 tables. Accepted for publication in Supplements of the Astrophysical Journal

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• Cloud Atlas: Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs, Planetary-mass companions, and hot Jupiters
• The $\mu$ Tau Association: A 60 Myr-Old Coeval Group at 150 pc from the Sun
• An Eclipsing Substellar Binary in a Young Triple System discovered by SPECULOOS
• The ESO SupJup Survey I: Chemical and isotopic characterisation of the late L-dwarf DENIS J0255-4700 with CRIRES${}^{+}$
• Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets. VII. Cloud formation in diffusive atmospheres
• Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the star HIP 64892
• BANYAN. VIII. New Low-Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs with Candidate Circumstellar Disks
• Ultracool Dwarfs Observed with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph -- III. Dust Grains in Young L Dwarf Atmospheres Are Heavier
• A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs With Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius-Centaurus
• Gliese 49: Activity evolution and detection of a super-Earth
• 2MASS J13243553+6358281 is an Early T-Type Planetary-Mass Object in the AB Doradus Moving Group
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of sigma Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
• A Reanalysis of the Fundamental Parameters and Age of TRAPPIST-1
• A nearby young M dwarf with a wide, possibly planetary-mass companion
• A survey for planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region
• Characterizing HR3549B using SPHERE
• Gemini Planet Imager Spectroscopy of the Dusty Substellar Companion HD 206893 B
• Effective Temperatures of Low-Mass Stars from High-Resolution H-band Spectroscopy
• The JWST/NIRISS Deep Spectroscopic Survey for Young Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets
• SCExAO/MEC and CHARIS Discovery of a Low Mass, 6 AU-Separation Companion to HIP 109427 using Stochastic Speckle Discrimination and High-Contrast Spectroscopy
• Isochronal age-mass discrepancy of young stars: SCExAO/CHARIS integral field spectroscopy of the HIP 79124 triple system
• Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Low-Mass Companion HD984B with the Gemini Planet Imager
• The Late-Type Extension to MoVeRS (LaTE-MoVeRS): Proper motion verified low-mass stars and brown dwarfs from SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE
• PSYM-WIDE: a survey for large-separation planetary-mass companions to late spectral type members of young moving groups
• The First Brown Dwarf/Planetary-Mass Object in the 32 Orionis Group
• A Wide Planetary Mass Companion Discovered Through the Citizen Science Project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9
• Bayesian assessment of moving group membership: importance of models and prior knowledge
• Redder than Red: Discovery of an Exceptionally Red L/T Transition Dwarf
• Beyond the Local Volume. I. Surface Densities of Ultracool Dwarfs in Deep HST/WFC3 Parallel Fields
• Parallaxes of southern extremely cool objects III: 118 L \& T dwarfs
• A wide planetary-mass companion to a young low-mass brown dwarf in Ophiuchus
• Orbiting a binary: SPHERE characterisation of the HD 284149 system
• A Census of the 32 Ori Association with Gaia
• WEIRD: Wide-orbit Exoplanet search with InfraRed Direct imaging
• Ultracool dwarfs in Gaia DR3
• Characterising brown dwarf companions with IRDIS long-slit spectroscopy: HD 1160 B and HD 19467 B
• Parallaxes of Cool Objects with WISE: Filling in for Gaia
• A multi-epoch, multi-wavelength study of the classical FUor V1515 Cyg approaching quiescence
• A Near-infrared Variability Survey of Young Planetary-mass Objects
• A new L5 brown dwarf member of the Hyades cluster with chromospheric activity
• Exploring the planetary-mass population in the Upper Scorpius association
• On the Correlation between L Dwarf Optical and Infrared Variability and Radio Aurorae
• A faint companion around CrA-9: protoplanet or obscured binary?
• Variability of Brown Dwarfs
• Discovery of new members of the nearby young stellar association in Cepheus
• The Occurrence Rate of Quiescent Radio Emission for Ultracool Dwarfs using a Generalized Semi-Analytical Bayesian Framework
• Spectral Variability of Two Rapidly Rotating Brown Dwarfs: 2MASS J08354256-0819237 and 2MASS J18212815+1414010
• Understanding Physical Properties of Young M-dwarfs: NIR spectroscopic studies
• SCExAO and Keck Direct Imaging Discovery of a Low-Mass Companion Around the Accelerating F5 Star HIP 5319
• Ultracool dwarfs candidates based on six years of the Dark Energy Survey data
• Strong H$\alpha$ emission in the young planetary mass companion 2MASS J0249-0557 c
• BANYAN. X. Discovery of a wide, low-gravity L-type companion to a fast-rotating M3 dwarf
• Radial Velocities, Space Motions, and Nearby Young Moving Group Memberships of Eleven Candidate Young Brown Dwarfs
• Exploring the substellar population in the Hyades open cluster
• SCExAO/CHARIS Direct Imaging of A Low-Mass Companion At A Saturn-Like Separation from an Accelerating Young A7 Star
• Spectral characterization of newly detected young substellar binaries with SINFONI
• The ESO SupJup Survey VIII. Chemical fingerprints of young L dwarf twins
• 2MASS J11151597+1937266: A Young, Dusty, Isolated, Planetary-Mass Object with a Potential Wide Stellar Companion
• Spectral characterization of young LT dwarfs
• L dwarfs detection from SDSS images using improved Faster R-CNN
• NICMOS Kernel-Phase Interferometry I: Catalogue of Brown Dwarfs Observed in F110W and F170M
• Atmospheric Characterization and Further Orbital Modeling of $\kappa$ And b
• X-SHYNE: X-Shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs II. Presentation and analysis of the full library
• Discovery of a Possible Early-T Thick-Disk Subdwarf from the AllWISE2 Motion Survey
• The ExoGRAVITY survey: A K-band spectral library of giant exoplanet and brown dwarf companions
• Detection of a low-mass stellar companion to the accelerating A2IV star HR 1645
• Spectro-photometric characterization of high proper motion sources from WISE
• Exoplanet Atmosphere Measurements from Direct Imaging
• An L+T Spectral Binary with Possible AB Doradus Kinematics
• Correlating Intrinsic Stellar Parameters with Mg II Self-Reversal Depths
• Large Scale Searches for Brown Dwarfs and Free-Floating Planets
• SCExAO/CHARIS and Gaia Direct Imaging and Astrometric Discovery of a Superjovian Planet 3--4 lambda/D from the Accelerating Star HIP 54515
• Characterising Young Visual M-dwarf Binaries with Near-Infrared Integral Field Spectra
• OASIS Survey Direct Imaging and Astrometric Discovery of HIP 71618 B: A Substellar Companion Suitable for the Roman Coronagraph Technology Demonstration
• Kinematic identification of young nearby moving groups from a sample of chromospherically active stars in the RAVE catalog
• The Gaia Ultracool Dwarf Sample -- IV. GTC/OSIRIS optical spectra of Gaia late-M and L dwarfs
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Using Old and New Approaches: Determining Physical Properties of Brown Dwarfs with Empirical Relations and Machine Learning Models
• Silicate Clouds, SiO, and Molecular Trends across the L-T Sequence: A JWST/MIRI LRS Spectral Library of Brown Dwarfs
• Disentangling the Signatures of Blended-Light Atmospheres in L/T Transition Brown Dwarfs