Density, Velocity, and Magnetic Field Structure in Turbulent Molecular Cloud Models
arXiv:astro-ph/0008454 · doi:10.1086/318290
Abstract
We use 3D numerical MHD simulations to follow the evolution of cold, turbulent, gaseous systems with parameters representing GMC conditions. We study three cloud simulations with varying mean magnetic fields, but identical initial velocity fields. We show that turbulent energy is reduced by a factor two after 0.4-0.8 flow crossing times (2-4 Myr), and that the magnetically supercritical cloud models collapse after ~6 Myr, while the subcritical cloud does not collapse. We compare density, velocity, and magnetic field structure in three sets of snapshots with matched Mach numbers. The volume and column densities are both log-normally distributed, with mean volume density a factor 3-6 times the unperturbed value, but mean column density only a factor 1.1-1.4 times the unperturbed value. We use a binning algorithm to investigate the dependence of kinetic quantities on spatial scale for regions of column density contrast (ROCs). The average velocity dispersion for the ROCs is only weakly correlated with scale, similar to the mean size-linewidth relation for clumps within GMCs. ROCs are often superpositions of spatially unconnected regions that cannot easily be separated using velocity information; the same difficulty may affect observed GMC clumps. We analyze magnetic field structure, and show that in the high density regime, total magnetic field strengths increase with density with logarithmic slope 1/3 -2/3. Mean line-of-sight magnetic field strengths vary widely across a projected cloud, and do not correlate with column density. We compute simulated interstellar polarization maps at varying orientations, and determine that the Chandrasekhar-Fermi formula multiplied by a factor ~0.5 yields a good estimate of the plane-of sky magnetic field strength provided the dispersion in polarization angles is < 25 degrees.
56 pages, 25 figures; Ap.J., accepted
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- Testing Density Wave Theory with Resolved Stellar Populations around Spiral Arms in M81
- The Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi Method Revisited
- Relationship between the column density distribution and evolutionary class of molecular clouds as viewed by ATLASGAL
- Tracing Multi-Scale Magnetic Field Structure Using Multiple Chemical Tracers in Giant Molecular Clouds
- Stellar and substellar initial mass function: a model that implements gravoturbulent fragmentation and accretion
- The Effect of Turbulence on Nebular Emission Line Ratios
- Studying magnetic fields and dust in M17 using polarized thermal dust emission observed by SOFIA/HAWC+
- ALMA reveals the magnetic field evolution in the high-mass star forming complex G9.62+0.19
- Dense Gas in a Giant Molecular Filament
- Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of the NGC 2071 Star Forming Region with SIRPOL
- Magnetic Field Properties in High Mass Star Formation from Large to Small Scales - A Statistical Analysis from Polarization Data
- The SOFIA FEEDBACK Legacy Survey: Dynamics and mass ejection in the bipolar HII region RCW 36
- Quantifying the energy balance between the turbulent ionised gas and young stars
- Evidence for Dynamically Important Magnetic Fields in Molecular Clouds
- Hydrodynamical simulations of the decay of high-speed molecular turbulence. II. Divergence from isothermality
- Driven Multifluid MHD Molecular Cloud Turbulence
- Interstellar MHD Turbulence and Star Formation
- The JCMT BISTRO Survey: An 850/450m Polarization Study of NGC 2071IR in OrionB
- Formation of the SDC13 Hub-Filament System: A Cloud-Cloud Collision Imprinted on The Multiscale Magnetic Field
- Effects of multiple-scale driving on turbulence statistics
- Shaken and stirred: the effects of turbulence and rotation on disc and outflow formation during the collapse of magnetised molecular cloud cores
- A New Method for Constraining Molecular Cloud Thickness: A study of Taurus, Perseus and Ophiuchus
- On the Origin of the High Column Density Turnover in the HI Column Density Distribution
- The highly variable time evolution of star-forming cores identified with dendrograms
- Rotating filament in Orion B: Do cores inherit their angular momentum from their parent filament?
- Effect of feedback of massive stars in the fragmentation, distribution, and kinematics of the gas in two star forming regions in the Carina Nebula
- Can Sgr A* flares reveal the molecular gas density PDF?
- Recovering the Physical Properties of Molecular Gas in Galaxies from CO SLED Modeling
- B-fields And dust in interstelLar fiLAments using Dust POLarization (BALLAD-POL): I. The massive filament G11.11-0.12 observed by SOFIA/HAWC+
- First polarimetry results of two candidate high-mass protostellar objects
- High Angular Resolution Measurement of Ion and Neutral Spectra as a Probe of the Magnetic Field Structure in DR21(OH)
- Atomic Chemistry in Turbulent Astrophysical Media II: Effect of the Redshift Zero Metagalactic Background
- A Curved Magnetic field in the ring-like shell of bubble N4
- Dense Regions in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
- Dispersion of Observed Position Angles of Submillimeter Polarization in Molecular Clouds
- Submillimeter polarisation and magnetic field properties in the envelopes of proto-planetary nebulae CRL 618 and OH 231.8+4.2
- Magnetic field structure in the Flattened Envelope and Jet in the young protostellar system HH 211
- The seven most massive clumps in W43-Main as seen by ALMA: Dynamical equilibrium and Magnetic Fields
- Rethinking the N(H2)/I(CO) Conversion Factor
- Cosmic Rays and Magnetic Fields in the Core and Halo of the Starburst M82: Implications for Galactic Wind Physics
- Large-scale three-dimensional Gaussian process extinction mapping
- Complex Scattered Radiation Fields and Multiple Magnetic Fields in the Protostellar Cluster in NGC 2264
- Magnetic fields in multiple bright-rimmed clouds in different directions of HII region IC1396 - II
- Effects of Grain Alignment Efficiency on Synthetic Dust Polarization Observations of Molecular Clouds
- Near-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry toward M17 SWex
- The magnetic properties of the protostellar core IRAS 15398-3359
- The magnetic field in the NGC 2024 FIR 5 dense core
- Magnetic field geometry of an unusual cometary cloud Gal 110-13
- Fantastic Striations and Where to Find Them: Origin of Magnetically Aligned Striations in Interstellar Clouds
- Nature of Striation in 21 cm Channel Maps: Velocity Caustics
- The Magnetic Field in the Milky Way Filamentary Bone G47
- The Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for Polarization: BLAST-pol
- Insights from Simulations of Star Formation
- The statistical properties of stars at redshift, z=5, compared with the present epoch
- Tracing the Magnetic Field of IRDC G028.2300.19 Using NIR Polarimetry
- Estimations of the magnetic field strength in the torus of AGN using near-infrared polarimetry
- Bayesian inference of three-dimensional gas maps: II. Galactic HI
- An Exploration of the Statistical Signatures of Stellar Feedback
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core IV: Magnetic Field Scaling on Density and Mass-to-flux Ratio Distribution in FeSt 1-457
- Galactic dust evolution with rapid dust formation in the interstellar medium due to hypersonic turbulence
- Probability distribution functions of gas in M31 and M51
- Galaxy Evolution: Modeling the Role of Non-thermal Pressure in the Interstellar medium
- Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies as Extreme Star-forming Environments II: Star Formation and Pressure Balance in HI-Rich UDGs
- Molecular cloud formation as seen in synthetic Hi and molecular gas observations
- Probing the Turbulence Dissipation Range and Magnetic Field Strengths in Molecular Clouds. II. Directly Probing the Ion-neutral Decoupling Scale
- The Photon Dominated Region in the IC 348 molecular cloud
- X-ray spectroscopy of the starburst feedback in 30 Doradus
- Hypersonic Buckshot: Astrophysical Jets as Heterogeneous Collimated Plasmoids
- Unveiling the importance of magnetic fields in the evolution of dense clumps formed at the waist of bipolar H II regions: a case study on Sh2-201 with JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2
- Comparison of Prestellar Core Elongations and Large-Scale Molecular Cloud Structures in the Lupus I Region
- The Magnetized Environment of the W3(H2O) Protostars
- An Extension of the Athena++ Framework for Fully Conservative Self-Gravitating Hydrodynamics
- Probing the magnetic fields in L1415 and L1389
- Principal Component Analysis of Molecular Clouds: Can CO reveal the dynamics?
- Polarization of seven MBM clouds at high galactic latitude
- Mid-J CO Shock Tracing Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds III: SLED fitting
- Probing the Turbulent Ambipolar Diffusion Scale in Molecular Clouds with Spectroscopy
- Sub-Alfvenic Non-Ideal MHD Turbulence Simulations with Ambipolar Diffusion: III. Implications for Observations and Turbulent Enhancement
- The Impact of Unresolved Turbulence on the Escape Fraction of Lyman Continuum Photons
- Magnetic Field and Faraday Rotation Measure in the Turbulent Warm Ionized Medium
- Characterizing three-dimensional magnetic field, turbulence, and self-gravity in the star-forming region L1688
- Study of magnetic field geometry and extinction in Bok globule CB130
- Kinematic signatures of cluster formation from cool collapse in the Lagoon Nebula cluster NGC 6530
- First Sub-pc Sale Mapping of Magnetic Fields in the Vicinity of a Very Low Luminosity Object, L1521F-IRS
- Sink particle radiative feedback in smoothed particle hydrodynamics models of star formation
- Bayesian inference of three-dimensional gas maps: I. Galactic CO
- Observational Diagnostics for Two-Fluid Turbulence in Molecular Clouds As Suggested by Simulations
- HI-H transition: exploring the role of the magnetic field
- The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Studying the Complex Magnetic Field of L43
- Long-lived Magnetic-Tension-Driven Modes in a Molecular Cloud
- Magnetic Field Structure of the HH 1-2 Region: Near-Infrared Polarimetry of Point-Like Sources
- Estimation of Magnetic Field Strength in the Turbulent Warm Ionized Medium
- Irregular Magnetic Fields and the Far-Infrared Polarimetry of Dust Emission from Interstellar Clouds
- Understanding the links among magnetic fields, filament, the bipolar bubble, and star formation in RCW57A using NIR polarimetry
- Multifluid magnetohydrodynamic turbulent decay
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in Barnard 335
- Polarimetric and photometric investigation of a dark globule LDN 1225: distance, extinction law, and magnetic fields
- Mid-J CO Shock Tracing Observations of Infrared Dark Clouds I
- Effects of Galactic Disc Inclination and Resolution on Observed GMC Properties and Larson's Scaling Relations
- Magnetic fields in star-forming systems (II): examining dust polarization, the Zeeman effect, and the Faraday rotation measure as magnetic field tracers
- On the frequencies of circumbinary discs in protostellar systems
- Magnetic Field Structures in Star Forming Regions: Mid-Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of K3-50
- Evolution of the Hub-filament Structures in IC 5146 in the Context of the Energy Balance of Gravity, Turbulence, and Magnetic Field
- Variation of the low-mass end of the stellar initial mass function with redshift and metallicity
- The statistical properties of protostellar discs and their dependence on metallicity
- Alignment of dense molecular core morphology and velocity gradients with ambient magnetic fields
- Magnetic Field Structure of Orion Source I
- Increasing mass-to-flux ratio from the dense core to the protostellar envelope around the Class 0 protostar HH 211
- A correlation between chemistry, polarization and dust properties in the Pipe Nebula starless core FeSt 1-457
- The dependence of stellar properties on initial cloud density
- Velocity centroid gradients for absorbing media
- The Column Density Variance in Turbulent Interstellar Media: A Fractal Model Approach
- Three-dimensional magnetic fields of molecular clouds
- Magnetic Field Structure in Spheroidal Star-Forming Clouds. II. Estimating Field Structure from Observed Maps
- On the grain-size distribution of turbulent dust growth
- Non-ideal MHD turbulent decay in molecular clouds
- On the properties of fractal cloud complexes
- Magnetic Fields and Fragmentation of Filaments in the Hub of California-X
- HOW-MHD: A High-Order WENO-Based Magnetohydrodynamic Code with a High-Order Constrained Transport Algorithm for Astrophysical Applications
- The Role of Magnetic Fields in the Stability and Fragmentation of Filamentary Molecular Clouds: Two Case Studies at OMC-3 and OMC-4
- The Role of Magnetic Fields in Triggered Star Formation of RCW 120
- On the probability distribution function of the mass surface density of molecular clouds I
- Interactions between Gas Dynamics and Magnetic Fields in the Massive Dense Cores of the DR21 Filament
- Modeling Star Formation as a Markov Process in a Supersonic Gravoturbulent Medium
- Compressed magnetic field in the magnetically-regulated global collapsing clump of G9.62+0.19
- Magnetic fields and outflows in the large Bok globule CB 54
- A Synergy of the Velocity Gradients Technique and the Probability Density Functions for Identifying Gravitational Collapse in Self-Absorbing Media
- Magnetic fields and Star Formation around HII regions: The S235 complex
- Cloud properties across spatial scales in simulations of the interstellar medium
- Type III Societies (Apparently) Do Not Exist
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in a Starless Core VI: Application of Flux Freezing Model and Core Formation of FeSt 1-457
- A Dynamically Collapsing Core and a Precursor of a Core in a Filament Supported by Turbulent and Magnetic Pressures
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in BHR 71
- Dust Scattering In Turbulent Media: Correlation Between The Scattered Light and Dust Column Density
- The Dependence of Prestellar Core Mass Distributions on the Structure of the Parental Cloud
- The JCMT BISTRO-2 Survey: The Magnetic Field in the Center of the Rosette Molecular Cloud
- X-raying molecular clouds with a short flare: probing statistics of gas density and velocity fields
- No impact of core-scale magnetic field, turbulence, or velocity gradient on sizes of protostellar disks in Orion A
- On the probability distribution function of the mass surface density of molecular clouds. II
- NGC 7538 IRS1: Interaction of a polarized dust spiral and a molecular outflow
- Star Formation in a Strongly Magnetized Cloud
- The supernova-regulated ISM. IV. A comparison of simulated polarization with Planck observations
- Turbulent magnetic field in the HII region Sh 2-27
- Three-dimensional extinction mapping and selection effects
- The Role of Magnetic Fields in the Formation of the Filamentary Infrared Dark Cloud G11.11-0.12
- Low-Mass Star Forming Cores in the GF9 Filament
- Geometry-Independent Determination of Radial Density Distributions in Molecular Cloud Cores and Other Astronomical Objects
- CO enhancement by magnetohydrodynamic waves; Striations in the Polaris Flare
- Mapping and characterizing magnetic fields in the Rho Ophiuchus-A molecular cloud with SOFIA/HAWC
- Aspect ratios of far-infrared and H i filaments in the diffuse interstellar medium at high Galactic latitudes
- Nonlinear Criterion for the Stability of Molecular Clouds
- CN Zeeman observations of the NGC 2264-C protocluster
- Entropy and Mass Distribution in Disc Galaxies
- Molecular Clouds. Formation and Disruption
- Turbulent Fragmentation and Star Formation
- Energy conserving and well-balanced discontinuous Galerkin methods for the Euler-Poisson equations in spherical symmetry
- An analytical model for the evolution of starless cores I: The constant-mass case
- Escaping the maze: a statistical sub-grid model for cloud-scale density structures in the interstellar medium
- DIISC-II: Unveiling the Connections between Star Formation and ISM in the Extended Ultraviolet Disk of NGC 3344
- Long-Term Evolution of Decaying MHD Turbulence in the Multiphase ISM
- A Tale of Three: Magnetic Fields along the Orion Integral-Shaped Filament as Revealed by JCMT BISTRO survey
- Kinematics of Subclusters in Star Cluster Complexes: Imprint of their Parental Molecular Clouds
- Lognormal intensity distribution of the FUV continuum background shortward of Ly-alpha
- The Antesonic Condition for the Explosion of Core-Collapse Supernovae II: Rotation and Turbulence
- SOFIA and ALMA Investigate Magnetic Fields and Gas Structures in Massive Star Formation: The Case of the Masquerading Monster in BYF 73
- Multi log-normal density structure in Cygnus-X molecular clouds: A fitting for N-PDF without power-law
- The embedded ring-like feature and star formation activities in G35.673-00.847
- Molecular Line Profiles from a Core Forming in a Turbulent Cloud
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in the Dense Core CB81 (L1774, Pipe 42) in the Pipe Nebula
- Magnetic field measurement from the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method employed with Atomic Alignment
- Initial Ionization of Compressible Turbulence
- Prestellar Cores in Turbulent Clouds: Numerical Modeling and Evolution to Collapse
- Magnetic stability of massive star forming clumps in RCW 106
- The JCMT BISTRO-3 Survey: Variation of magnetic field orientations on parsec and sub-parsec scales in the massive star-forming region G28.34+0.06
- Tracing the magnetic field morphology of the LDN 1172/1174 cloud complex
- Near-Infrared Polarization Source Catalog of the Northeastern Regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud
- A self-gravity module for the PLUTO code
- Distortion of Magnetic Fields in the Dense Core SL42 (CrA-E) in the Corona Australis Molecular Cloud Complex
- The Formation of Filaments and Dense cores in the Cocoon Nebula (IC~5146)
- Relative Alignment Between Magnetic Fields and Molecular Gas Structure in Molecular Clouds
- Length-scales and Dynamics of Carina's Western Wall
- Widespread subsonic turbulence in Ophiuchus North 1
- Star-forming environments in smoothed particle magnetohydrodynamics simulations I: Clump extraction and properties
- Gas and star kinematics in cloud-cloud collisions
- A Guide to Comparisons of Star Formation Simulations with Observations
- Turbulence driven by stellar jets, the possibility and the efficiency
- Galactic Traversability: A New Concept for Extragalactic SETI
- Optical polarimetry study of Lambda-Orionis star-forming region
- Jump relations for magnetohydrodynamic shock waves in non-ideal gas flow
- Twisted magnetic field in star formation processes of L1521 F revealed by submillimeter dual band polarimetry using James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
- Magnetic fields in Bok globules: Multi-wavelength polarimetry as tracer across large spatial scales
- The Density-Magnetic Field Relation in the Atomic ISM
- The bound origin of low-mass stellar binaries
- On the Flux-Intensity Relation of Molecular Clouds
- A multi-scale view of the magnetic field morphology in the hot molecular core G31.41+0.31
- Turbulence and galactic structure
- Modeling the Disk (three-phase) Interstellar Medium
- Obtaining strength of magnetic field from E and B modes of dust polarization
- The Relative Importance of Thermal Gas, Radiation, and Magnetic Pressures Around Star-Forming Regions in Normal Galaxies and Dusty Starbursts
- Impeding Turbulence Decay in Self-gravitating Cloud Cores
- The Vertical Structure and Asymmetry of Mg ii-enriched Gas in the Milky Way Disk
- Why take the square root? An assessment of interstellar magnetic field strength estimation methods
- Turbulence in the Star-forming Interstellar Medium: Steps toward Constraining Theories with Observations
- Measuring the spectral index of turbulent gas with deep learning from projected density maps
- Realistic Models for Filling and Abundance Discrepancy Factors in Photoionised Nebulae
- Unveiling the role of magnetic fields in an accreting filament onto a young protocluster
- Modeling the Far-Infrared Polarization Spectrum of a High-Mass Star Forming Cloud
- Prospects of Turbulence Studies in High-Energy Density Laser-Generated Plasma: Numerical Investigations in Two Dimensions
- Optical polarimetry of HH 135/HH 136
- Massive Star Clusters in the Semi-Analytical Galaxy Formation Model L-Galaxies 2020
- Analysis of Galactic molecular cloud polarization maps: a review of the methods
- Construction of a far ultraviolet all sky map from an incomplete survey: Application of a deep learning algorithm
- Cosmic Ray Propagation in Turbulent Spiral Magnetic Fields associated with Young Stellar Objects
- Evidence for the gravity-driven and magnetically-regularized gas flows feeding the massive protostellar cluster in Cepheus A
- Multi-scale Dust Polarization and Spiral-like Stokes-I Residual in the Class I Protostellar System TMC-1A
- Contour Analysis Tool: an interactive tool for background and morphology analysis
- A Survey of Magnetic Field Properties in Bok Globules
- Magneto-Gravitational Regulated Streamer Accretion onto a Class 0 Protostellar System
- Infrared polarisation study of Lynds 1340: A case of RNO 8
- An Improved Fit to the Density Distribution in Supersonic Isothermal Turbulence
- Systematic Investigation of Dust and Gaseous CO in 12 Nearby Molecular Clouds