The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project

Abstract

Recent developments in compact object astrophysics, especially the discovery of merging neutron stars by LIGO, the imaging of the black hole in M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) and high precision astrometry of the Galactic Center at close to the event horizon scale by the GRAVITY experiment motivate the development of numerical source models that solve the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). Here we compare GRMHD solutions for the evolution of a magnetized accretion flow where turbulence is promoted by the magnetorotational instability from a set of nine GRMHD codes: Athena++, BHAC, Cosmos++, ECHO, H-AMR, iharm3D, HARM-Noble, IllinoisGRMHD and KORAL. Agreement between the codes improves as resolution increases, as measured by a consistently applied, specially developed set of code performance metrics. We conclude that the community of GRMHD codes is mature, capable, and consistent on these test problems.

Accepted version for publication in ApJS (May 28th, 2019)

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Cited by in corpus (195)

• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon
• The Athena++ Adaptive Mesh Refinement Framework: Design and Magnetohydrodynamic Solvers
• First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Testing Astrophysical Models of the Galactic Center Black Hole
• Magnetic Reconnection and Hot Spot Formation in Black Hole Accretion Disks
• Observing the Inner Shadow of a Black Hole: A Direct View of the Event Horizon
• Jets in Magnetically Arrested Hot Accretion Flows: Geometry, Power and Black Hole Spindown
• Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Active Galactic Nucleus Disks and Jets
• Photon Ring and Observational Appearance of a Hairy Black Hole
• Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope
• Flares in the Galactic center I: orbiting flux tubes in Magnetically Arrested Black Hole Accretion Disks
• Constrained transport and adaptive mesh refinement in the Black Hole Accretion Code
• MPI-AMRVAC 3.0: updates to an open-source simulation framework
• Plasmoid formation in global GRMHD simulations and AGN flares
• Disc Tearing and Bardeen-Petterson Alignment in GRMHD Simulations of Highly Tilted Thin Accretion Discs
• Beyond second-order convergence in simulations of magnetised binary neutron stars with realistic microphysics
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
• Supermassive black holes as possible sources of ultra high energy cosmic rays
• Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87
• The shadows and observational appearance of a noncommutative black hole surrounded by various profiles of accretions
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Magnetized Coronae of Active Galactic Nuclei and Prospects for Identification of Seyfert Galaxies and Quasars in Neutrino Telescopes
• H-AMR: A New GPU-accelerated GRMHD Code for Exascale Computing With 3D Adaptive Mesh Refinement and Local Adaptive Time-stepping
• Geometric modeling of M87* as a Kerr black hole or a non-Kerr compact object
• Formation of Magnetically Truncated Accretion Disks in 3D Radiation-Transport Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations
• Images and photon ring signatures of thick disks around black holes
• Modeling non-thermal emission from the jet-launching region of M 87 with adaptive mesh refinement
• First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IX. Detection of Near-horizon Circular Polarization
• Observational signatures of disk and jet misalignment in images of accreting black holes
• General relativistic resistive magnetohydrodynamics with robust primitive variable recovery for accretion disk simulations
• Full Transport General Relativistic Radiation Magnetohydrodynamics for Nucleosynthesis in Collapsars
• Photon Ring Autocorrelations
• Black Hole Images as Tests of General Relativity: Effects of Spacetime Geometry
• The Surprisingly Small Impact of Magnetic Fields On The Inner Accretion Flow of Sagittarius A* Fueled By Stellar Winds
• The Black Hole Explorer: Motivation and Vision
• Flux eruption events drive angular momentum transport in magnetically arrested accretion flows
• A parameter survey of Sgr A* radiative models from GRMHD simulations with self-consistent electron heating
• From a locality-principle for new physics to image features of regular spinning black holes with disks
• The Photon Ring in M87*
• Monitoring the Morphology of M87* in 2009-2017 with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Comparison of the ion-to-electron temperature ratio prescription: GRMHD simulations with electron thermodynamics
• Charged particle dynamics in parabolic magnetosphere around Schwarzschild black hole
• Magnetic reconnection and plasmoid formation in three-dimensional accretion flows around black holes
• General relativistic MHD simulations of non-thermal flaring in Sagittarius A*
• The feature of shadow images and observed luminosity of the Bardeen black hole surrounded by different accretions
• Image features of spinning regular black holes based on a locality principle
• Collisionless accretion onto black holes: dynamics and flares
• 3D magnetised jet break-out from neutron-star binary merger ejecta: afterglow emission from the jet and the ejecta
• Minidisk dynamics in accreting, spinning black hole binaries: Simulations in full general relativity
• Testing the Schwarzschild metric in a strong field region with the Event Horizon Telescope
• Magnetically Modified Spherical Accretion in GRMHD: Reconnection-Driven Convection and Jet Propagation
• Analytical Solution of Magnetically Dominated Astrophysical Jets and Winds: Jet Launching, Acceleration, and Collimation
• GR-MHD disk winds and jets from black holes and resistive accretion disks
• Iharm3D: Vectorized General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics
• Jets, disc-winds and oscillations in general relativistic, magnetically driven flows around black hole
• Decomposing the Internal Faraday Rotation of Black Hole Accretion Flows
• Spectral and Imaging properties of Sgr A* from High-Resolution 3D GRMHD Simulations with Radiative Cooling
• On accretion disks formed in MHD simulations of black hole-neutron star mergers with accurate microphysics
• The Jet-Disk Boundary Layer in Black Hole Accretion
• Numerical simulation of hot accretion flows (IV): effects of black hole spin and magnetic field strength on the wind and the comparison between wind and jet properties
• Modeling the inner part of the jet in M87: Confronting jet morphology with theory
• Radiation Transport Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations of Warped Accretion Disks
• Hadronic High-energy Emission from Magnetically Arrested Disks in Radio Galaxies
• Spinning black holes magnetically connected to a Keplerian disk -- Magnetosphere, reconnection sheet, particle acceleration and coronal heating
• New Constraints on the Spin of the Black Hole Cygnus X-1 and the Physical Properties of its Accretion Disk Corona
• The Structure of Radiatively Inefficient Black Hole Accretion Flows
• Magnetic reconnection plasmoid model for Sagittarius A* flares
• GRMHD Simulations of Accreting Neutron Stars with Non-Dipole Fields
• Systematic construction of upwind constrained transport schemes for MHD
• Beyond moments: relativistic Lattice-Boltzmann methods for radiative transport in computational astrophysics
• Disk Tearing Leads to Low and High Frequency Quasi Periodic Oscillations in a GRMHD Simulation of a Thin Accretion Disk
• Quasar Microlensing Variability Studies Favor Shallow Accretion Disk Temperature Profiles
• Modeling general-relativistic plasmas with collisionless moments and dissipative two-fluid magnetohydrodynamics
• GRMHD Simulations and Modeling for Jet Formation and Acceleration Region in AGNs
• Magnetized Accretion onto and Feedback from Supermassive Black Holes in Elliptical Galaxies
• Microphysical Plasma Relations from Special-relativistic Turbulence
• Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2018 EHT Campaign including a Very High Energy Flaring Episode
• Temperature properties in magnetised and radiatively cooled two-temperature accretion flows onto a black hole
• Particle energization in relativistic plasma turbulence: solenoidal versus compressive driving
• The Powers of Relativistic Jets depend on the Spin of Accreting Supermassive Black Hole
• Deep Horizon; a machine learning network that recovers accreting black hole parameters
• Black hole parameter estimation with synthetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry data from the ground and from space
• Visibility of Black Hole Shadows in Low-luminosity AGN
• Magnetized discs and photon rings around Yukawa-like black holes
• Spritz: a new fully general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code
• Probing spacetime and accretion model for the Galactic Center: Comparison of Kerr and dilaton black hole shadows
• Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations of Black Hole Accretion Flows with Multiple Magnetic Loops
• Jet efficiencies and black hole spins in jetted quasars
• Consistent Blandford-Znajek Expansion
• Accretion Flow Morphology in Numerical Simulations of Black Holes from the ngEHT Model Library: The Impact of Radiation Physics
• The Effects of Gas Angular Momentum on the Formation of Magnetically Arrested Disks and the Launching of Powerful Jets
• Strongly magnetized accretion with low angular momentum produces a weak jet
• Magnetic Flux Transport in Radiatively Inefficient Accretion Flows and the Pathway towards a Magnetically Arrested Disk
• Radiation GRMHD simulations of M87: funnel properties and prospects for gap acceleration
• A Jet-Bases Emission Model of the EHT 2017 Image of M87*
• Addition of tabulated equation of state and neutrino leakage support to IllinoisGRMHD
• Looking for the underlying cause of black hole X-ray variability in GRMHD simulations
• General relativistic hydrodynamic simulations of perturbed transonic accretion
• Implications from the velocity profile of the M87 jet: a possibility of a slowly rotating black hole magnetosphere
• A nonthermal bomb explains the near-infrared superflare of Sgr A*
• The Role of Adaptive Ray Tracing in Analyzing Black Hole Structure
• The Variability of the Black-Hole Image in M87 at the Dynamical Time Scale
• The response of black hole spark gaps to external changes: A production mechanism of rapid TeV flares?
• Toward General-Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamics Simulations in Stationary Non-Vacuum Spacetimes
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• Misaligned magnetized accretion flows onto spinning black holes: Magneto-spin alignment, outflow power, and intermittent jets
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• Electromagnetic Energy Extraction from Kerr Black Holes: Ab-Initio Calculations
• Post-dynamical inspiral phase of common envelope evolution. The role of magnetic fields
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• Magnetic field structure in the vicinity of a super-massive black hole in low luminosity galaxies: the case of Sgr A*
• GRMHD simulations of accreting neutron stars I: nonrotating dipoles
• Handing off the outcome of binary neutron star mergers for accurate and long-term post-merger simulations
• cuHARM : a new GPU accelerated GR-MHD code and its application to ADAF disks
• Chaotic magnetic disconnections trigger flux eruptions in accretion flows channeled onto magnetically saturated Kerr black holes
• Angle-dependent in-situ fast flavor transformations in post-neutron star merger disks
• Co-precession of a curved jet and compact accretion disk in M87
• Implementing a new recovery scheme for primitive variables in the general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic code Spritz
• Magnetic flux eruptions at the root of time-lags in low-luminosity AGN
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• Comparison of magnetic diffusion and reconnection in ideal and resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics, ideal magnetodynamics, and resistive force-free electrodynamics
• Shadows of Kerr-Vaidya-like black holes
• Black Hole Weather Forecasting with Deep Learning: A Pilot Study
• The Effects of Tilt on the Time Variability of Millimeter and Infrared Emission from Sagittarius A*
• On the Internal Structure of Relativistic Jets with Zero Velocity Along the Axis
• Relativistic AGN jets III. Synthesis of synchrotron emission from Double-Double Radio Galaxies
• The impact of resistivity on the variability of black hole accretion flows
• General Relativistic effects and the NIR variability of Sgr A* II: A systematic approach to temporal asymmetry
• Imaging the event horizon of M87* from space on different timescales
• Assessing the impact of instrument noise and astrophysical fluctuations on measurements of the first black hole photon ring
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• On the Universality of Energy Extraction from Black Hole Spacetimes
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• Generally Applicable Formalism for Modeling the Observable Signatures of Inflows, Outflows, and Moving Coronal Plasma Close to Kerr Black Holes
• A proof-of-concept neural network for inferring parameters of a black hole from partial interferometric images of its shadow
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• Impact of the nonthermal electron radiation effects on the horizon scale image structure of Sagittarius A*
• The Details of Limb Brightening Reveal the Structure of the Base of the Jet in M\,87 for the First Time
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• GRMHD simulations of black hole accretion variabilities: Implications to hard state X-ray binary transients
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• HST-1 as a Window to the Energetics of the Jet Spine of M87
• GRMHD simulations of BH activation by small scale magnetic loops: Formation of striped jets and active coronae
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• Identifying Long Radio Transients with Accompanying X-Ray Emission as Disk-Jet Precessing Black Holes: The Case of ASKAP J1832-0911
• Radiative Cooling Effects on Plasmoid Formation in Black Hole Accretion Flows with Multiple Magnetic Loops
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• Simulations of black hole accretion torus in various magnetic field configurations
• Measuring the properties of homogeneous turbulence in curved spacetimes
• Investigating disc-corona interaction in axisymmetric accretion disc models
• Flux ropes in SANE disks
• One-dimensional force-free numerical simulations of Alfven waves around a spinning black string
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• Impact of non-thermal particles on the spectral and structural properties of M87
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• Optimizing the hybrid parallelization of BHAC
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