Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. IX. Catalog of the Full Long-Cadence Data Set

Abstract

We present a new transit timing catalog of 2599 Kepler Objects of Interest (=KOIs), using the PDC-MAP long-cadence light curves that include the full seventeen quarters of the mission (ftp://wise- ftp.tau.ac.il/pub/tauttv/TTV/ver_112). The goal is to produce an easy-to-use catalog that can stimulate further analyses of interesting systems. For 779 KOIs with high enough SNRs, we derived the timing, duration and depth of 69,914 transits. For 1820 KOIs with lower SNR, we derived only the timing of 225,273 transits. After removal of outlier timings, we derived various statistics for each KOI that were used to indicate significant variations. Including systems found by previous works, we have detected 260 KOIs which showed significant TTVs with long-term variations (>100 day), and another fourteen KOIs with periodic modulations shorter than 100 day and small amplitudes. For five of those, the periodicity is probably due to the crossing of rotating stellar spots by the transiting planets.

arXiv comment81 pages, 34 figures, 8 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJS

References in corpus (54)

• Analytic Lightcurves for Planetary Transit Searches
• The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early results
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler, III: Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data
• DHP Framework: Digital Health Passports Using Blockchain -- Use case on international tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic
• On detecting terrestrial planets with timing of giant planet transits
• Architecture and Dynamics of Kepler's Candidate Multiple Transiting Planet Systems
• Architecture of Kepler's Multi-transiting Systems: II. New investigations with twice as many candidates
• A Closely-Packed System of Low-Mass, Low-Density Planets Transiting Kepler-11
• Validation of Kepler's Multiple Planet Candidates. III: Light Curve Analysis & Announcement of Hundreds of New Multi-planet Systems
• Masses, Radii, and Orbits of Small Kepler Planets: The Transition from Gaseous to Rocky Planets
• Measuring the rotation period distribution of field M-dwarfs with Kepler
• Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities
• Extracting Planet Mass and Eccentricity From TTV data
• The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: IV. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by Simple Physical Models
• Densities and Eccentricities of 139 Kepler Planets from Transit Time Variations
• Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system
• Very Low-Density Planets around Kepler-51 Revealed with Transit Timing Variations and an Anomaly Similar to a Planet-Planet Eclipse Event
• The hot-Jupiter Kepler-17b: discovery, obliquity from stroboscopic starspots, and atmospheric characterization
• Kepler 18-b, c, and d: A System Of Three Planets Confirmed by Transit Timing Variations, Lightcurve Validation, Spitzer Photometry and Radial Velocity Measurements
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: VII. Confirmation of 27 planets in 13 multiplanet systems via Transit Timing Variations and orbital stability
• Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler V: Planet Sample from Q1-Q12 (36 Months)
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: III. Confirmation of 4 Multiple Planet Systems by a Fourier-Domain Study of Anti-correlated Transit Timing Variations
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler. VIII Catalog of Transit Timing Measurements of the First Twelve Quarters
• All Six Planets Known to Orbit Kepler-11 Have Low Densities
• The Detection and Characterization of a Nontransiting Planet by Transit Timing Variations
• KOI-142, the King of Transit Variations, is a Pair of Planets near the 2:1 Resonance
• Influence of Stellar Multiplicity On Planet Formation. I. Evidence of Suppressed Planet Formation Due to Stellar Companions Within 20 AU and Validation of Four Planets From the Kepler Multiple Planet Candidates
• Photometric Amplitude Distribution of Stellar Rotation of Kepler KOIs-Indication for Spin-Orbit Alignment of Cool Stars and High Obliquity for Hot Stars
• The Kepler-19 System: A Transiting 2.2 R_Earth Planet and a Second Planet Detected via Transit Timing Variations
• Large eccentricity, low mutual inclination: the three-dimensional architecture of a hierarchical system of giant planets
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: I. Statistical Analysis of the First Four Months
• Detection Of KOI-13.01 Using The Photometric Orbit
• Transit Timing Variation of Near-Resonance Planetary Pairs. II. Confirmation of 30 planets in 15 Multiple Planet Systems
• KOI-152's Low Density Planets
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: II. Confirmation of Two Multiplanet Systems via a Non-parametric Correlation Analysis
• What asteroseismology can do for exoplanets: Kepler-410A b is a Small Neptune around a bright star, in an eccentric orbit consistent with low obliquity
• Five Kepler target stars that show multiple transiting exoplanet candidates
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: VI. Transit Timing Variation Candidates in the First Seventeen Months from Polynomial Models
• Transit Timing Variation of Near-Resonance Planetary Pairs: Confirmation of Twelve Multiple Planet Systems
• The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK): IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M-Dwarfs
• Transit Timing Observations from Kepler: VI. Potentially interesting candidate systems from Fourier-based statistical tests
• An Independent Planet Search In The Kepler Dataset. II. An extremely low-density super-Earth mass planet around Kepler-87
• Multiple planets or exomoons in Kepler hot Jupiter systems with transit timing variations?
• Automated analysis of eclipsing binary lightcurves. I. EBAS -- a new Eclipsing Binary Automated Solver with EBOP
• The Carriers of the Interstellar Unidentified Infrared Emission Features: Constraints from the Interstellar C-H Stretching Features at 3.2-3.5 Micrometers
• Time variation of Kepler transits induced by stellar rotating spots - a way to distinguish between prograde and retrograde motion I. Theory
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. V. The three hot Jupiters KOI-135b, KOI-204b and KOI-203b (alias Kepler-17b)
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XI. Kepler-412 system: probing the properties of a new inflated hot Jupiter
• Transit timing of TrES-2: a combined analysis of ground- and space-based photometry
• Kepler Observations of Three Pre-Launch Exoplanet Candidates: Discovery of Two Eclipsing Binaries and a New Exoplanet
• Eight Planets in Four Multi-planet Systems via Transit Timing Variations in 1350 Days
• Photo-Dynamical Analysis of Three Kepler Objects of Interest with Significant Transit Timing Variations
• Uniform Modeling of KOIs: MCMC Data Release Notes

Cited by in corpus (128)

• About 30% of Sun-like Stars Have Kepler-like Planetary Systems: A Study of their Intrinsic Architecture
• The orbital eccentricity of small planet systems
• Exoplanet Statistics and Theoretical Implications
• Kepler Planet Masses and Eccentricities from TTV Analysis
• A Dynamical Analysis of the Kepler-80 System of Five Transiting Planets
• A giant impact as the likely origin of different twins in the Kepler-107 exoplanet system
• HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I
• Cold Jupiters and improved masses in 38 Kepler and K2 small planet systems from 3661 HARPS-N radial velocities. No excess of cold Jupiters in small planet systems
• The Planetary Mass-Radius Relation and its Dependence on Orbital Period as Measured by Transit Timing Variations and Radial Velocities
• ExoClock Project III: 450 new exoplanet ephemerides from ground and space observations
• Occurrence and Architecture of Kepler Planetary Systems as Functions of Stellar Mass and Effective Temperature
• Diffuser-Assisted Infrared Transit Photometry for Four Dynamically Interacting \textit{Kepler} Systems
• A deep radius valley revealed by Kepler short cadence observations
• Evidence for Hidden Nearby Companions to Hot Jupiters
• Kepler-730: A hot Jupiter system with a close-in, transiting, Earth-sized planet
• Kepler-108: A Mutually Inclined Giant Planet System
• Sensitivity bias in the mass-radius distribution from Transit Timing Variations and Radial Velocity measurements
• The Kepler Giant Planet Search. I: A Decade of Kepler Planet-host Radial Velocities from W. M. Keck Observatory
• ExoClock project II: A large-scale integrated study with 180 updated exoplanet ephemerides
• A Compact Multi-Planet System With A Significantly Misaligned Ultra Short Period Planet
• Long-Period Giant Companions to Three Compact, Multiplanet Systems
• Pinning down the mass of Kepler-10c: the importance of sampling and model comparison
• Dynamics and Formation of the Near-Resonant K2-24 System: Insights from Transit-Timing Variations and Radial Velocities
• The TESS-Keck Survey I: A Warm Sub-Saturn-mass Planet and a Caution about Stray Light in TESS Cameras
• Measuring the Galactic Distribution of Transiting Planets with WFIRST
• An unusually low-density super-Earth transiting the bright early-type M-dwarf GJ 1018 (TOI-244)
• Exomoon Candidates from Transit Timing Variations: Eight Kepler systems with TTVs explainable by photometrically unseen exomoons
• Eccentric Companions to Kepler-448b and Kepler-693b: Clues to the Formation of Warm Jupiters
• ExoClock Project: An open platform for monitoring the ephemerides of Ariel targets with contributions from the public
• Shallower radius valley around low-mass hosts: Evidence for icy planets, collisions or high-energy radiation scatter
• A spectral approach to transit timing variations
• K2-146: Discovery of Planet c, Precise Masses from Transit Timing, and Observed Precession
• Unbiasing the density of TTV-characterised sub-Neptunes: Update of the mass-radius relationship of 34 Kepler planets
• Know the Planet, Know the Star: Precise Stellar Densities from Kepler Transit Light Curves
• Dynamical instabilities in systems of multiple short-period planets are likely driven by secular chaos: a case study of Kepler-102
• Alleviating the transit timing variation bias in transit surveys. I. RIVERS: Method and detection of a pair of resonant super-Earths around Kepler-1705
• Transit Timing Variations and linear ephemerides of confirmed Kepler transiting exoplanets
• Scaling K2. IV. A Uniform Planet Sample for Campaigns 1-8 and 10-18
• A HARPS-N mass for the elusive Kepler-37d: a case study in disentangling stellar activity and planetary signals
• Prospects for TTV Detection and Dynamical Constraints with TESS
• Planets larger than Neptune have elevated eccentricities
• Kepler Object of Interest Network I. First results combining ground and space-based observations of Kepler systems with transit timing variations
• Following up the Kepler field: Masses of Targets for transit timing and atmospheric characterization
• A 38 Million Year Old Neptune-Sized Planet in the Kepler Field
• Orbital Stability and Precession Effects in the Kepler-89 System
• Kepler-90: Giant transit-timing variations reveal a super-puff
• Revisiting the Kepler field with TESS: Improved ephemerides using TESS 2min data
• Transit Probabilities in Secularly Evolving Planetary Systems
• Visual Analysis and Demographics of Kepler Transit Timing Variations
• Determining Exoplanetary Oblateness Using Transit Depth Variations
• A Simplified Photodynamical Model for Planetary Mass Determination in Low-Eccentricity Multi-Transiting Systems
• Transits of Inclined Exomoons - Hide and Seek and an Application to Kepler-1625
• Two Super-Earths in the 3:2 MMR around KOI-1599
• PEXO: a global modeling framework for nanosecond timing, microsecond astrometry, and $\mu$m/s radial velocities
• Modal Decomposition of TTV - Inferring Planet Masses and Eccentricities
• Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT 'EM) Survey. I. Confirmation of an Eccentric, Cool Jupiter With an Interior Earth-sized Planet Orbiting Kepler-1514
• The Discovery of the Long-Period, Eccentric Planet Kepler-88 d and System Characterization with Radial Velocities and Photodynamical Analysis
• Masses of Kepler-46b, c from Transit Timing Variations
• TESS Observations of Kepler systems with Transit Timing Variations
• The origin and 9:7 MMR dynamics of the Kepler-29 system
• Updated Catalog of Kepler Planet Candidates: Focus on Accuracy and Orbital Periods
• A Search for Lost Planets in the Kepler Multi-planet Systems and the Discovery of the Long-period, Neptune-sized Exoplanet Kepler-150 f
• TTV-determined Masses for Warm Jupiters and their Close Planetary Companions
• Exomoon indicators in high-precision transit light curves
• Transit Origami: A Method to Coherently Fold Exomoon Transits in Time Series Photometry
• Using HARPS-N to characterise the long-period planets in the PH-2 and Kepler-103 systems
• A search for transit timing variations within the exomoon corridor using Kepler data
• Searching for Candidates of Orbital Decays among Transit Exoplanets
• Constraining the Densities of the Three Kepler-289 Planets with Transit Timing Variations
• Transiting Exoplanet Monitoring Project (TEMP). III. On the Relocation of the Kepler-9~b Transit
• Observations of the Kepler Field with TESS: Predictions for Planet Yield and Observable Features
• A third star in the HAT-P-7 system, and a new dynamical pathway to misaligned hot Jupiters
• K2-138 g: Spitzer Spots a Sixth Planet for the Citizen Science System
• The architecture and formation of the Kepler-30 planetary system
• A spider timing model: accounting for quadrupole deformations and relativity in close pulsar binaries
• The Exomoon Corridor for Multiple Moon Systems
• Precovery of TESS Single Transits with KELT
• A dense mini-Neptune orbiting the bright young star HD 18599
• Alleviating the Transit Timing Variations bias in transit surveys. II. RIVERS: Twin resonant Earth-sized planets around Kepler-1972 recovered from Kepler's false positive
• Observable Predictions from Perturber-coupled High-eccentricity Tidal Migration of Warm Jupiters
• Physical Properties and Impact Parameter Variations of Kepler Planets from Analytic Light Curve Modeling
• Systematic search for long-term transit duration changes in Kepler transiting planets
• TOI-4504: Exceptionally large Transit Timing Variations induced by two resonant warm gas giants in a three planet system
• Accurate modeling of grazing transits using umbrella sampling
• WASP-35 and HAT-P-30/WASP-51: re-analysis using TESS and ground-based transit photometry
• Non-Sinusoidal Transit Timing Variations for the Exoplanet HAT-P-12b
• Prospects for Refining Kepler TTV Masses using TESS Observations
• Periodic orbits in the 1:2:3 resonant chain and their impact on the orbital dynamics of the Kepler-51 planetary system
• An Accurate 3D Analytic Model for Exoplanetary Photometry, Radial Velocity, and Astrometry
• Detection capability of ground-based meter-sized telescopes for shallow exoplanet transits
• The Efficiency of Geometric Samplers for Exoplanet Transit Timing Variation Models
• Transit least-squares survey -- III. A $1.9R_{\oplus }$ transit candidate in the habitable zone of Kepler-160 and a nontransiting planet characterized by transit-timing variations
• SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates. XIX. The transiting temperate giant planet KOI-3680b
• The study on transiting systems HAT-P-13, HAT-P-16 and WASP-32 through combining ground-based and TESS photometry
• Exploiting periodic orbits as dynamical clues for Kepler and K2 systems
• exoMMR: a New Python Package to Confirm and Characterize Mean Motion Resonances
• A highly mutually-inclined, compact warm-Jupiter system KOI-984 ?
• Recurrence Network Analysis of Exoplanetary Observables
• Identifying Potential Exomoon Signals with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Exploiting the transit timing capabilities of Ariel
• NGTS-21b: An Inflated Super-Jupiter Orbiting a Metal-poor K dwarf
• Gemini-GRACES high-quality spectra of Kepler evolved stars with transiting planets I. Detailed characterization of multi-planet systems Kepler-278 and Kepler-391
• Kepler Object of Interest Network III. Kepler-82f: A new non-transiting $21 M_\bigoplus$ planet from photodynamical modelling
• A high mutual inclination system around KOI-134 revealed by transit timing variations
• A super-Earth and a mini-Neptune around Kepler-59
• A New Planet in the Kepler-159 System From Transit Timing Variations
• A homogeneous TTV investigation of all TESS systems with a confirmed single transiting planet
• Temperate super-Earths/mini-Neptunes around M/K dwarfs Consist of 2 Populations Distinguished by Their Atmospheres
• The Exoplanet Edge: Planets Don't Induce Observable TTVs with a Dominant TTV Period Faster than Half their Orbital Period
• Transit timing variations, radial velocities and long-term dynamical stability of the system Kepler-410
• Transit Duration and Timing Variations from Binary Planets
• The discovery and legacy of Kepler's multi-transiting planetary systems
• Evidence for a Non-Dichotomous Solution to the Kepler Dichotomy: Mutual Inclinations of Kepler Planetary Systems from Transit Duration Variations
• Mass Upper Bounds for Over 50 Kepler Planets Using Low-S/N Transit Timing Variations
• Methane on the temperate exo-Saturn TOI-199b
• An Independent Search for Small Long-period Planets in Kepler Data I: Detection Pipeline
• Modeling the Solar System I: Characterization Limits from Analytic Timing Variations
• Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, Roman Sees Where You Are: Predicting Exoplanet Transit Yields in the Rosette Nebula with the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
• Kepler-1624b Has No Significant Transit Timing Variations
• Exoplanet transit search at the detection limit: detection and false alarm vetting pipeline
• How to measure tidal dissipation in long resonant chains
• Accounting for Transit Timing Detectability: Biases in Planetary Radius and Orbital Period
• Exploring Long-period Architectures: Four New Planet Candidates from Kepler with Periods >342 days
• Transit Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VIII: a Pleiades-age association harboring two transiting planetary systems from Kepler
• Transit modelling of selected Kepler systems
• The California Legacy Survey III. On The Shoulders of (Some) Giants: The Relationship between Inner Small Planets and Outer Massive Planets
• Dynamics of Two Planets near a 2:1 Resonance: Case Studies of Known and Synthetic Exosystems on a Grid of Initial Configurations
• Comprehensive Parameter Determination of Exoplanet through Asteroseismic Host Star Constraints