The Renaissance of Black Phosphorus

Abstract

One hundred years after its first successful synthesis in the bulk form in 1914, black phosphorus (black P) was recently rediscovered from the perspective of a two-dimensional (2D) layered material, attracting tremendous interest from condensed matter physicists, chemists, semiconductor device engineers and material scientists. Similar to graphite and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black P has a layered structure but with a unique puckered single layer geometry. Because the direct electronic band gap of thin film black P can be varied from 0.3 to around 2 eV, depending on its film thickness, and because of its high carrier mobility and anisotropic in-plane properties, black P is promising for novel applications in nanoelectronics and nanophotonics different from graphene and TMDs. Black P as a nanomaterial has already attracted much attention from researchers within the past year. Here, we offer our opinions on this emerging material with the goal of motivating and inspiring fellow researchers in the 2D materials community and the broad readership of PNAS to discuss and contribute to this exciting new field. We also give our perspectives on future 2D and thin film black P research directions, aiming to assist researchers coming from a variety of disciplines who are desirous of working in this exciting research field.

23 pages, 6 figures, perspective article, appeared online in PNAS

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Cited by in corpus (46)

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• Post Graphene 2D Chemistry: The Emerging Field of Molybdenum Disulfide and Black Phosphorus Functionalization
• Femtosecond photo-switching of interface polaritons in black phosphorus heterostructures
• Observation of Low-frequency Interlayer Breathing Modes in Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Strain-tunable van der Waals interactions in few-layer black phosphorus
• High-Pressure Synthesis and Characterization of $\beta$-GeSe - A Semiconductor with Six-Rings in an Uncommon Boat Conformation
• A New Phosphorus Allotrope with Direct Band Gap and High Mobility
• Mid-infrared Electro-Optic Modulation in Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• Two-Dimensional Dirac Fermions Protected by Space-Time Inversion Symmetry in Black Phosphorus
• Field Effect Optoelectronic Modulation of Quantum-Confined Carriers in Black Phosphorus
• Layered material GeSe and vertical GeSe/MoS2 p-n heterojunctions
• The Critical Role of Substrate in Stabilizing Phosphorene Nanoflake: A Theoretical Exploration
• Large Electronic Anisotropy and Enhanced Chemical Activity of Highly Rippled Phosphorene
• Few layer 2D pnictogens catalyze the alkylation of soft nucleophiles with esters
• Transmission of near-resonant light through a dense slab of cold atoms
• Multilayers black phosphorus: from tight-binding to continuum description
• A Perspective on Recent Advances in Phosphorene Functionalization and its Application in Devices
• Atomic-scale imaging of few-layer black phosphorus and its reconstructed edge
• Enhanced optical activity in hyperbolic metasurfaces
• Scanning Ultrafast Electron Microscopy: A Novel Technique to Probe Photocarrier Dynamics with High Spatial and Temporal Resolutions
• Environmental Effects in Mechanical Properties of Few-layer Black Phosphorus
• New strategy for black phosphorus crystal growth through ternary clathrate
• Phosphorene Edge Reconstruction by Self-Rolling
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• Monolayer black phosphorus by sequential wet-chemical surface oxidation
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• Mechanical Properties and Failure Behavior of Phosphorene with Grain Boundaries
• Crystallographic Characterization of Black Phosphorene and Its Application in Nanostructures
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• Microscopic mechanism of tunable band gap in potassium doped few-layer black phosphorus
• Strain and Water Effects on the Electronic Structure and Chemical Activity of In-Plane Graphene/Silicene Heterostructure
• The impact of hexagonal boron nitride encapsulation on the structural and vibrational properties of few layer black phosphorus
• Excitons in Phosphorene: A Semi-Analytical Perturbative Approach
• Observation of A${}_g^1$ Raman mode splitting in few layers black phosphorus encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride
• A Facile Method for Precise Layer Number Identification of Two-Dimensional Materials through Optical Images
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• Study of Black Phosphorus Using Angle-Resolved Polarized Raman Spectroscopy with 442 nm Excitation
• Mechanical Twinning in Phosphorene
• Roadmap for Gain-Bandwidth-Product Enhanced Photodetectors
• Exchange effect and magneto-plasmon mode dispersion in an anisotropic two-dimensional electronic system
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