L' and M' Photometry of Ultracool Dwarfs

Abstract

We have compiled L' and M' photometry of 63 single and binary M, L,and T dwarfs obtained at UKIRT using the MKO filter set. This compilation includes new L' data for 8 L dwarfs and 13 T dwarfs and new M' data for 7 L dwarfs, 5 T dwarfs, and Gl 229A. We compute L_bol, BC_K, and T_eff for 42 dwarfs whose flux-calibrated JHK spectra, L' photometry, and trigonometric parallaxes are available, and we estimate these quantities for 9 other dwarfs whose parallaxes and flux-calibrated spectra have been obtained. BC_K is a well-behaved function of near-IR spectral type with a dispersion of ~0.1 mag for types M6-T5; it is significantly more scattered for types T5-T9. T_eff declines steeply and monotonically for types M6-L7 and T4-T9, but is nearly constant at ~1450 K for types L7-T4 with assumed ages of ~3 Gyr. This constant T_eff is evidenced by nearly unchanging values of L'-M' between types L6 and T3. We compare the observed K, L', and M' luminosities of L and T dwarfs in our sample with those predicted by model atmospheres with varying surface gravities and sedimentation efficiencies. The models indicate that the L3-T4.5 dwarfs generally have higher gravities (log g = 5.0-5.5) than the T6-T9 dwarfs (log g = 4.5-5.0). The predicted M' luminosities of T dwarfs are 1.5-2.5 times larger than those derived empirically for the T dwarfs in our sample. This discrepancy is attributed to absorption at 4.5-4.9 um by CO, which is not expected under the condition of chemical equilibrium assumed in the models. We determine that the L3 dwarf Kelu-1 and the T0 dwarf SDSS J0423-0414 are probable binary systems. We compute log(L_bol/L_sun) = -5.73 +/- 0.05 and T_eff = 600-750 K for the T9 dwarf 2MASS J0415-0935, which supplants Gl 570D as the least luminous and coolest brown dwarf presently known.

50 pages, including 10 figures and 6 tables, to be published in June 2004 issue of The Astronomical Journal. Revised 25 Mar 2003: Removed footnote 17

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• Dynamical Mass of the M8+M8 Binary 2MASS J22062280-2047058AB
• Considerations for Atmospheric Retrieval of High-Precision Brown Dwarf Spectra
• S Ori J053825.4-024241: A Classical T Tauri-like object at the substellar boundary
• A high resolution spectral atlas of brown dwarfs
• Radial velocity photon limits for the dwarf stars of spectral classes F--M
• The Young Substellar Companion ROXs 12 B: Near-Infrared Spectrum, System Architecture, and Spin-Orbit Misalignment
• FIRE Spectroscopy of the ultra-cool brown dwarf, UGPS J072227.51-054031.2: Kinematics, Rotation and Atmospheric Parameters
• Further deep imaging of HR 7329 A (eta Tel A) and its brown dwarf companion B
• Young Jupiters are Faint: New Models of the Early Evolution of Giant Planets
• Thermal Infrared Constraint to a Planetary Companion of Vega with the MMT Adaptive Optics System
• Methane in Analogs of Young Directly Imaged Exoplanets
• Evidence of Orbital Motion in the Binary Brown Dwarf Kelu-1AB
• A 1.46-2.48 $\mu$m Spectroscopic Atlas of a T6 Dwarf (1060 K) Atmosphere with IGRINS: First Detections of H${}_2$S and H${}_2$, and Verification of H${}_2$O, CH${}_4$, and NH${}_3$ Line Lists
• The Schizophrenic Spectrum of LSR 1610-0040: a Peculiar M Dwarf/Subdwarf
• Near-infrared Linear Polarization of Ultracool Dwarfs
• Planets Around Low-Mass Stars (PALMS). V. Age-Dating Low-Mass Companions to Members and Interlopers of Young Moving Groups
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging and Spectral Analysis of Two Brown Dwarf Binaries at the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectra of sigma Orionis Isolated Planetary-mass Objects
• An Atmospheric Retrieval of the Brown Dwarf Gliese 229B
• A Reanalysis of the Fundamental Parameters and Age of TRAPPIST-1
• Discovery of a Visual T-Dwarf Triple System and Binarity at the L/T Transition
• The discovery of a T6.5 subdwarf
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Y0 WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 and the Y1 WISE J035000.32-565830.2: the Importance of Non-Equilibrium Chemistry
• The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357
• Stellar populations in the CFHTLS. I. New constraints on the IMF at low mass
• Search and characterization of T-type planetary mass candidates in the sigma Orionis cluster
• WISEP J180026.60+013453.1: A Nearby Late L Dwarf Near the Galactic Plane
• The possiblity of detection of Ultracool Dwarfs with the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey
• Discovery of a Companion at the L/T Transition with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
• Direct Spectrum of the Benchmark T dwarf HD 19467 B
• Rotation, magnetism, and metallicity of M dwarf systems
• Detection of strong activity in the eclipsing binary brown dwarf 2MASSJ05352184-0546085 - A possible explanation for the temperature reversal
• Moderate Resolution Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) Observations of M, L, and T Dwarfs
• A Statistical Survey of Peculiar L and T Dwarfs in SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE
• Initial mass function effects on the colour evolution of disk galaxies
• Discovery of extended infrared emission around the neutron star RX J0806.4-4123
• The Orbit of the L dwarf + T dwarf Spectral Binary SDSS J080531.84+481233.0
• A Substellar Common Proper Motion Companion to the Pleiad HII 1348
• Properties of the T8.5 Dwarf Wolf 940 B
• Infrared and kinematic properties of the substellar object G 196-3B
• Near Infrared Observations of GQ Lup b Using the Gemini Integral Field Spectrograph NIFS
• CLOUDS search for variability in brown dwarf atmospheres
• Cool Customers in the Stellar Graveyard IV: Spitzer Search for Mid-IR excesses Around Five DAs
• A new free-floating planet in the Upper Scorpius association
• Discovery of a widely separated UCD-WD binary
• VLT X-shooter spectroscopy of the nearest brown dwarf binary
• Isochronal age-mass discrepancy of young stars: SCExAO/CHARIS integral field spectroscopy of the HIP 79124 triple system
• Weather on Other Worlds. IV. H$\alpha$ emission and photometric variability are not correlated in L0$-$T8 dwarfs
• Optical linear polarization in ultra cool dwarfs: A tool to probe dust in the ultra cool dwarf atmospheres
• 3.8um Imaging of 400-600K Brown Dwarfs and Orbital Constraints for WISEP J045853.90+643452.6AB
• High-contrast spectroscopy of SCR J1845-6357 B
• Spectral library of age-benchmark low-mass stars and brown dwarfs
• Characterizing the atmospheres of transiting rocky planets around late type dwarfs
• Binarity at the L/T brown dwarf transition
• Searching for substellar companions of young isolated neutron stars
• Ultracool Field Brown Dwarf Candidates Selected at 4.5 microns
• Evidence for accretion in a nearby, young brown dwarf
• Calibrating Ultracool Dwarfs: Optical Template Spectra, Bolometric Corrections, and $\chi$ Values
• The highly spotted photosphere of the young rapid rotator Speedy Mic
• Identifying nearby field T dwarfs in the UKIDSS Galactic Clusters Survey
• A new L5 brown dwarf member of the Hyades cluster with chromospheric activity
• Polarization of L Dwarfs by Dust Scattering
• Measuring the Initial Mass Function of Low Mass Stars and Brown Dwarfs
• A Near-infrared Variability Survey of Young Planetary-mass Objects
• Rotational modulation of the linear polarimetric variability of the cool dwarf TVLM 513$-$46546
• Limits on the Auroral Generation of H${}_3^{+}$ in Brown Dwarf and Extrasolar Giant Planet Atmospheres with Keck/NIRSPEC
• High Resolution Spectroscopy during Eclipse of the Young Substellar Eclipsing Binary 2MASS 0535-0546. I. Primary Spectrum: Cool Spots versus Opacity Uncertainties
• The 2MASS Wide-Field T Dwarf Search. V. Discovery of a T Dwarf via Methane Imaging
• Kepler Observations of Very Low-Mass Stars
• Searching for planetary-mass T-dwarfs in the core of Serpens
• GTC OSIRIS z-band imaging of Y dwarfs
• Physical Properties of Gliese 229B Based on Newly Determined Carbon and Oxygen Abundances of Gliese 229A
• Spectral analysis of high resolution near-infrared spectra of ultra cool dwarfs
• Characterization of the known T type dwarfs towards the Sigma Orionis cluster
• Benchmarking Substellar Evolutionary Models Using New Age Estimates for HD 4747 B and HD 19467 B
• Hunting for brown dwarf binaries and testing atmospheric models with X-Shooter
• Southern Infrared Proper Motion Survey III: Constraining the mass function of low mass stars
• An Age Constraint for the Very Low-Mass Stellar/Brown Dwarf Binary 2MASS J03202839-0446358AB
• High signal-to-noise spectral characterization of the planetary-mass object HD 106906 b
• First spectroscopic observations of the sub-stellar companion of the young debris disk star PZ Telescopii
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey: X-ray beacons at late cosmic dawn
• Radio emission in ultracool dwarfs: the nearby substellar triple system VHS 1256$-$1257
• Spitzer-IRAC Search for Companions to Nearby, Young M Dwarfs
• The Future of Ultracool Dwarf Science with JWST
• Properties of ultra-cool dwarfs with Gaia. An assessment of the accuracy for the temperature determination
• The Magnetic Binary GJ 65: A Test of Magnetic Diffusivity Effects
• Calibrating models of ultralow-mass stars
• 2MASS J154043.42-510135.7: a new addition to the 5 pc population
• A Spitzer IRAC Imaging Survey for T Dwarf Companions Around M, L, and T Dwarfs: Observations, Results, and Monte Carlo Population Analyses
• Direct Imaging discovery of a second planet candidate around the possibly transiting planet host CVSO 30
• Quiescent X-ray emission from the M9 dwarf LHS 2065
• Two distant brown dwarfs in the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey Deep Extragalactic Survey Data Release 2
• Direct Imaging Discovery of a Young Brown Dwarf Companion to an A2V Star
• A low-mass triple system with a wide L/T transition brown dwarf component: NLTT 51469AB/SDSS 2131-0119
• A Comparative L-dwarf Sample Exploring the Interplay Between Atmospheric Assumptions and Data Properties
• A new L-dwarf member of the moderately metal-poor triple system HD 221356
• A near-IR spectrum of the DO white dwarf RE J0503-285
• CFBDSIR 2149-0403: young isolated planetary-mass object or high-metallicity low-mass brown dwarf??
• X-SHYNE: X-Shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs II. Presentation and analysis of the full library
• Confirming the least massive members of the Pleiades star cluster
• Near-infrared spectroscopy of the very low mass companion to the hot DA white dwarf PG1234+482
• At the Bottom of the Main Sequence: Activity and magnetic fields beyond the threshold to complete convection
• Orbital Modeling of HII 1348B: An Eccentric Young Substellar Companion in the Pleiades
• Confirmation of the binary status of Cha Halpha 2 - a very young low-mass binary in Chamaeleon
• CFBDS J111807-064016: A new L/T transition brown dwarf in a binary system
• A search for planetary-mass objects and brown dwarfs in the Upper Scorpius association
• Short-term spectroscopic monitoring of two cool dwarfs with strong magnetic fields
• Diversity of Cold Worlds: A Near Complete Spectral Energy Distribution for 2MASS J04151954-0935066 using JWST
• The L dwarf/T dwarf transition: multiplicity, magnetic activity and mineral meteorology across the hydrogen burning limit
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). II. Details on Nine Wide Common Proper Motion Very Low-Mass Companions to Nearby Stars
• The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project (BDKP). V. Radial and Rotational Velocities of T Dwarfs from Keck/NIRSPEC High-Resolution Spectroscopy
• Finding new sub-stellar co-moving companion candidates - the case of CT Cha
• A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultra-cool Dwarfs. IV. A Statistical Census from 50 Late-T Dwarfs
• Galactic astronomy with AO: Nearby star clusters and moving groups
• Panchromatic characterization of the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 using JWST/MIRI
• Two close binaries across the hydrogen-burning limit in the Praesepe open cluster
• SpeX Spectroscopy of Unresolved Very Low-Mass Binaries. I. Identification of Seventeen Candidate Binaries Straddling the L Dwarf/T Dwarf Transition