A wide field Hubble Space Telescope study of the cluster CL0024+16 at z=0.4. I: morphological distributions to 5 Mpc radius

Abstract

We describe a new wide field Hubble Space Telescope survey of the galaxy cluster Cl0024+16 (z~0.4) consisting of a sparse-sampled mosaic of 39 Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 images which extends to a cluster radius of 5 Mpc. [Abridged] We examine both the morphology-radius (T-R) and morphology-density (T-Sigma) relations and demonstrate sensitivities adequate for measures from the core to a radius of 5 Mpc, spanning over 3 decades in local projected density. The fraction of early-type galaxies declines steeply from the cluster center to 1 Mpc radius and more gradually thereafter, asymptoting towards the field value at the periphery. We discuss our results in the context of three distinct cluster zones, defined according to different physical processes that may be effective in transforming galaxy morphology in each. By treating infalling galaxies as isolated test particles, we deduce that the most likely processes responsible for the mild gradient in the morphological mix outside the virial radius are harassment and starvation. Although more data are needed to pin down the exact mechanisms, starvation seems more promising in that it would naturally explain the stellar and dynamical homogeneity of cluster E/S0s. However, we find significant scatter in the local density at any given radius outside 0.5 Mpc, and that the same T-Sigma relation holds in subregions of the cluster, independent of location. In this hitherto unprobed region, where the potential of the cluster is weak, galaxies apparently retain their identities as members of infalling sub-groups whose characteristic morphological properties remain intact. Only upon arrival in the central regions is the substructure erased, as indicated by the tight correlation between cluster radius and Sigma.

ApJ, in press. 26 pages including 18 figures. Version with high resolution figures available at http://www.astro.caltech.edu/~tt/0024/. v2: Minor changes to the headings of tables 3 and 4 to match version in press

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• A Census of Mid-Infrared Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in Massive Galaxy Clusters at 0 < z < 1.3
• A Multi-Wavelength Study of Low Redshift Cluster of Galaxies II. Environmental Impact on Galaxy Growth
• Infalling Faint [OII] Emitters in Abell 851. I. Spectroscopic Confirmation of Narrowband-Selected Objects
• XXL-HSC: Host properties of X-ray detected AGNs in XXL clusters
• Quantitative measure of evolution of bright cluster galaxies at moderate redshifts
• Quantifying galactic morphological transformations in the cluster environment
• Constructing Viable Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy Models: A Dynamical Systems Approach
• Unravelling the orbits of cluster galaxy populations according to their dominant gas ionization source
• The Star Formation Rate-Density Relationship at Redshift Three
• Clash of Titans: a MUSE dynamical study of the extreme cluster merger SPT-CL J0307-6225
• Stellar population gradients at cosmic noon as a constraint to the evolution of passive galaxies
• Identifying clustering at high redshift through actively star-forming galaxies
• Accretion processes in the galaxy cluster Hydra A/Abell 780
• Post-processing of galaxies due to major cluster mergers I. hints from galaxy colours and morphologies
• Boosting the evolutionary picture of Cl 0024+17 and MS 0451-03: A case study at intermediate-redshift
• Environmental Effects in the Evolution of Galactic Bulges
• The HST-Hyperion Survey: Companion Fraction and Overdensity in a z ~ 2.5 Proto-supercluster
• Impact of cosmic web on galaxy properties and their correlations: Insights from Principal Component Analysis
• A catalog of X-ray point sources in the Abell 133 region
• GLACE survey: galaxy activity in ZwCl0024+1652 cluster from strong optical emission lines
• Emergence of the Galaxy Morphology-Star Formation Activity-Clustercentric Radius Relations in Galaxy Clusters
• Investigating the relation between environment and internal structure of massive elliptical galaxies using strong lensing
• Galaxy evolution studies in clusters: the case of Cl0024+1652 cluster galaxies at z$\sim$0.4
• Observations of Stripped Edge-on Virgo Cluster Galaxies
• Tracing correlations between galaxy properties across the Cosmic Web: An IllustrisTNG-based study
• Observing Cluster Galaxies and their Progenitors with JDEM
• The origin of ionized gas in retired galaxies: dynamical clues