Quiescent galaxies in a virialized cluster at redshift 2: Evidence for accelerated size-growth

Abstract

We present an analysis of the galaxy population in XLSSC 122, an X-ray selected, virialized cluster at redshift $z=1.98$. We utilize HST WFC3 photometry to characterize the activity and morphology of spectroscopically confirmed cluster members. The quiescent fraction is found to be $88_{-20}^{+4}$ per cent within 0.5$r_{500}$, significantly enhanced over the field value of $20_{-2}^{+2}$ per cent at $z\sim 2$. We find an excess of "bulge-like" quiescent cluster members with Sersic index $n>2$ relative to the field. These galaxies are found to be larger than their field counterparts at 99.6 per cent confidence, being on average $63_{-24}^{+31}$ per cent larger at a fixed mass of $M_{\star }=5\times 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$. This suggests that these cluster member galaxies have experienced an accelerated size evolution relative to the field at $z>2$. We discuss minor mergers as a possible mechanism underlying this disproportionate size growth.

arXiv comment9 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS

References in corpus (65)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The Astropy Project: Building an inclusive, open-science project and status of the v2.0 core package
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey - The Hubble Space Telescope Observations, Imaging Data Products and Mosaics
• Galaxy Harassment and the Evolution of Clusters of Galaxies
• 3D-HST+CANDELS: The Evolution of the Galaxy Size-Mass Distribution since $z=3$
• An ultra-deep near-infrared spectrum of a compact quiescent galaxy at z=2.2
• 3D-HST WFC3-selected Photometric Catalogs in the Five CANDELS/3D-HST Fields: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts and Stellar Masses
• Structure and Formation of Elliptical and Spheroidal Galaxies
• Galaxy bimodality versus stellar mass and environment
• Environmental Effects on Late-Type Galaxies in Nearby Clusters
• Constraining the Low-Mass Slope of the Star Formation Sequence at 0.5<z<2.5
• The 3D-HST Survey: Hubble Space Telescope WFC3/G141 grism spectra, redshifts, and emission line measurements for $\sim 100,000$ galaxies
• Ram Pressure Stripping of Spiral Galaxies in Clusters
• 3D-HST: A wide-field grism spectroscopic survey with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Structural Parameters of Galaxies in CANDELS
• How Do Disks Survive Mergers?
• Can Minor Merging Account for the Size Growth of Quiescent Galaxies? New Results from the CANDELS Survey
• On the Estimation of Confidence Intervals for Binomial Population Proportions in Astronomy: The Simplicity and Superiority of the Bayesian Approach
• On the Survival and Destruction of Spiral Galaxies in Clusters
• A wide field Hubble Space Telescope study of the cluster CL0024+16 at z=0.4. I: morphological distributions to 5 Mpc radius
• Passive spiral formation from halo gas starvation: Gradual transformation into S0s
• The accretion of galaxies into groups and clusters
• The overdensities of galaxy environments as a function of luminosity and color
• Environmental Effects on Satellite Galaxies: The Link Between Concentration, Size and Colour Profile
• Unequal-mass galaxy mergers and the creation of cluster S0 galaxies
• The Era of Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters
• Jellyfish: Evidence of extreme ram-pressure stripping in massive galaxy clusters
• Star formation and AGN activity in SDSS cluster galaxies
• A Wide-field Survey of Two Z~0.5 Galaxy Clusters: Identifying the Physical Processes Responsible for the Observed Transformation of Spirals into S0s
• A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z=2.07
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Rich z=1.80 Galaxy Cluster JKCS 041 Using the WFC3 Grism: Environmental Trends in the Ages and Structure of Quiescent Galaxies
• The DEEP3 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Impact of Environment on the Size Evolution of Massive Early-type Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift
• Evolution of the Color-Magnitude Relation in Galaxy Clusters at z ~1 from the ACS Intermediate Redshift Cluster Survey
• Dissecting the size evolution of elliptical galaxies since z~1: puffing up vs minor merging scenarios
• Ongoing Assembly of Massive Galaxies by Major Merging in Large Groups and Clusters from the SDSS
• CANDELS Observations of the Structural Properties and Evolution of Galaxies in a Cluster at z=1.62
• Effect of environment on galaxies mass-size distribution: unveiling the transition from outside-in to inside-out evolution
• Galaxy evolution in overdense environments at high redshift: passive early-type galaxies in a cluster at redshift 2
• Where do Wet, Dry, and Mixed Galaxy Mergers Occur? A Study of the Environments of Close Galaxy Pairs in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey
• Quantitative Estimates of Environmental Effects on the Star Formation Rate of Disk Galaxies in Clusters of Galaxies
• The UVJ Selection of Quiescent and Star Forming Galaxies: Separating Early and Late-Type Galaxies and Isolating Edge-on Spirals
• HAWK-I imaging of the X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557: The red sequence at z=1.39
• The environmental dependence of the stellar mass-size relation in STAGES galaxies
• Larger sizes of massive quiescent early-type galaxies in clusters than in the field at 0.8 < z < 1.5
• Evidence for a correlation between the sizes of quiescent galaxies and local environment to z ~ 2
• CANDELS Observations of the Environmental Dependence of the Color-Mass-Morphology Relation at z = 1.6
• The XMM-LSS Survey: A well controlled X-ray cluster sample over the D1 CFHTLS area
• Constraints on the merging channel of massive galaxies since z~1
• The near-infrared luminosity function of cluster galaxies beyond redshift one
• Distant galaxy clusters in the XMM Large Scale Structure survey
• HST/WFC3 grism observations of $z\sim 1$ clusters: The cluster vs. field stellar mass-size relation and evidence for size growth of quiescent galaxies from minor mergers
• The XXL Survey: XVII. X-ray and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Properties of the Redshift 2.0 Galaxy Cluster XLSSC 122
• The XXL Survey V: Detection of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect of the Redshift 1.9 Galaxy Cluster XLSSU J021744.1-034536 with CARMA
• X-ray Bright Active Galactic Nuclei in Massive Galaxy Clusters II: The Fraction of Galaxies Hosting Active Nuclei
• Spectroscopic confirmation of a mature galaxy cluster at redshift two
• The effects of the cluster environment on the galaxy mass-size relation in MACSJ J1206.2-0847
• Environmental effects in the interaction and merging of galaxies in zCOSMOS
• Structure of Protocluster Galaxies: Accelerated Structural Evolution in Overdense Environments?
• Star formation, starbursts and quenching across the Coma supercluster
• Observational evidence that massive cluster galaxies were forming stars at z~2.5 and did not grow in mass at later times
• Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters - I. Environmental quenching in massive clusters at $1.4\lesssim z\lesssim 1.7$
• The cosmic epoch dependence of environmental effects on size evolution of red-sequence early-type galaxies
• The environmental dependence of X-ray AGN activity at $z\sim 0.4$

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Symphony: Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation Suites over Four Decades of Host Halo Mass
• The galaxy mass-size relation in CARLA clusters and proto-clusters at 1.4 < z < 2.8: larger cluster galaxy sizes
• Intracluster light in the core of z~2 galaxy proto-clusters
• The Manhattan Suite: Accelerated galaxy evolution in the early Universe
• The size--mass and other structural parameter ($n,{\mu }_z,R_z$) relations for local bulges/spheroids from multicomponent decompositions
• XLSSC 122 caught in the act of growing up: Spatially resolved SZ observations of a z=1.98 galaxy cluster
• COALAS III: The ATCA CO(1-0) look at the growth and death of H$\alpha$ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16
• Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters -- II. Galaxy structural properties in massive clusters at 1.4<z<1.7
• Galaxy populations of ProtoClusters in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• JWST Discovery of Strong Lensing from a Galaxy Cluster at Cosmic Noon: Giant Arcs and a Highly Concentrated Core of XLSSC 122
• Probing the influence of the protocluster environment on galaxy morphology at z = 2.23
• From the Densest Clusters to the Emptiest Voids: No Evidence For Environmental Effects on the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation at Low Redshift
• Newcomers and suburbanites can drive the evolution of the size-stellar mass relation of early type galaxies in galaxy clusters
• Initial Investigations of the Outskirts of XLSSC 122