Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters - I. Environmental quenching in massive clusters at $1.4\lesssim z\lesssim 1.7$

Abstract

We present first results from a galaxy population study in the highest redshift galaxy clusters identified in the 2500 deg${}^2$ South Pole Telescope Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (SPT-SZ) survey. The cluster selection is to first order independent of galaxy properties, making the SPT-SZ sample particularly well suited for cluster galaxy population studies. We carry out a 4-band imaging campaign with the {\it Hubble} and {\it Spitzer} Space Telescopes of the five $z\gtrsim 1.4$, S/N${}_{SZE}>$5 clusters, that are among the rarest most massive clusters known at this redshift. All five show clear overdensities of red galaxies whose colors agree with the initial cluster redshift estimates. The highest redshift cluster in this sample, SPT-CLJ0459-4947 at $z\sim 1.72$, is the most distant $M_{500}>10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$ ICM-selected cluster discovered thus far, and is one of only three known clusters in this mass range at $z\gtrsim 1.7$, regardless of selection. Based on UVJ-like photometric classification of quiescent and star-forming galaxies, the passive fraction in the cluster central regions ($r/r_{500}<0.7$) is higher than in the field at the same redshift, with corresponding environmental quenching efficiencies typically in the range $\sim 0.5-0.8$ for stellar masses $\log (M/M_{\odot })>10.85$. We have explored the impact of emission from star formation on the selection of this sample, concluding that all five clusters studied here would still have been detected with S/N${}_{SZE}>$5, even if they had the same passive fraction as measured in the field. Our results thus point towards an efficient suppression of star formation in massive galaxies in the central regions of the most massive clusters, occurring already earlier than $z\sim 1.5$. [Abridged]

arXiv comment29 pages, 16 figures, A&A in press. Replaced to match published version, results unchanged

References in corpus (100)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Measuring Reddening with SDSS Stellar Spectra and Recalibrating SFD
• The Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) for the Spitzer Space Telescope
• CANDELS: The Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey
• Mass and environment as drivers of galaxy evolution in SDSS and zCOSMOS and the origin of the Schechter function
• GOODS-Herschel: an infrared main sequence for star-forming galaxies
• Mass assembly in quiescent and star-forming galaxies since z=4 from UltraVISTA
• The Evolution of the Stellar Mass Functions of Star-Forming and Quiescent Galaxies to z = 4 from the COSMOS/UltraVISTA Survey
• Detection of quiescent galaxies in a bicolor sequence from z=0-2
• The lesser role of starbursts for star formation at z=2
• Chandra Cluster Cosmology Project II: Samples and X-ray Data Reduction
• Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the 2500-square-degree SPT-SZ survey
• The 10 Meter South Pole Telescope
• Galaxy evolution in groups and clusters: satellite star formation histories and quenching timescales in a hierarchical Universe
• CANDELS Multi-wavelength Catalogs: Source Detection and Photometry in the GOODS-South Field
• Mass and Environment as Drivers of Galaxy Evolution II: The quenching of satellite galaxies as the origin of environmental effects
• The Canadian Cluster Comparison Project: detailed study of systematics and updated weak lensing masses
• The Morphology - Density Relation in z ~ 1 Clusters
• K-band Properties of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: Luminosity Function, Radial Distribution and Halo Occupation Number
• IRAC Mid-Infrared Imaging of the Hubble Deep Field South: Star Formation Histories and Stellar Masses of Red Galaxies at z>2
• Regularity underlying complexity: a redshift-independent description of the continuous variation of galaxy-scale molecular gas properties in the mass-star formation rate plane
• The Gemini Cluster Astrophysics Spectroscopic Survey (GCLASS): The Role of Environment and Self-Regulation in Galaxy Evolution at z ~ 1
• Evolution of the dust emission of massive galaxies up to z=4 and constraints on their dominant mode of star formation
• The contribution of starbursts and normal galaxies to infrared luminosity functions at z < 2
• A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.62
• Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey
• Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clusters in the 2500 square-degree SPT-SZ Survey
• The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: The Relationship Between Galaxy Properties and Environment at z ~ 1
• Discovery of an X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4
• Discovery of a galaxy cluster with a violently starbursting core at z=2.506
• Reversal of Fortune: Confirmation of an Increasing Star Formation-Density Relation in a Cluster at z=1.62
• The Hydrangea simulations: galaxy formation in and around massive clusters
• Dependence of Galaxy Quenching on Halo Mass and Distance from its Centre
• The Environmental Dependence of Galaxy Properties in the Local Universe: Dependence on Luminosity, Local Density, and System Richness
• The Era of Star Formation in Galaxy Clusters
• The IRAC Shallow Survey
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Rich z=1.80 Galaxy Cluster JKCS 041 Using the WFC3 Grism: Environmental Trends in the Ages and Structure of Quiescent Galaxies
• Evidence for Significant Growth in the Stellar Mass of Brightest Cluster Galaxies over the Past 10 Billion Years
• The First Appearance of the Red Sequence of Galaxies in Proto-Clusters at 2<~z<~3
• The XMM Cluster Survey: A Massive Galaxy Cluster at z=1.45
• The abundance and spatial distribution of ultra-diffuse galaxies in nearby galaxy clusters
• X-ray Properties of the First SZE-selected Galaxy Cluster Sample from the South Pole Telescope
• Mass Calibration and Cosmological Analysis of the SPT-SZ Galaxy Cluster Sample Using Velocity Dispersion ${\sigma }_v$ and X-ray $Y_{\text{X}}$ Measurements
• The Remarkable Similarity of Massive Galaxy Clusters From z~0 to z~1.9
• IDCS J1426+3508: Discovery of a Massive, IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.75
• The relation between star formation, morphology and local density in high redshift clusters and groups
• First Results from Z-FOURGE: Discovery of a Candidate Cluster at z = 2.2 in COSMOS
• The K Band Luminosity Function in Galaxy Clusters to z ~ 1
• Galaxy evolution in overdense environments at high redshift: passive early-type galaxies in a cluster at redshift 2
• The XMM Cluster Survey: Active Galactic Nuclei and Starburst Galaxies in XMMXCS J2215.9-1738 at z=1.46
• The 1.6um Bump as a Photometric Redshift Indicator
• Evidence for a change in the dominant satellite galaxy quenching mechanism at z=1
• X-ray Properties of SPT Selected Galaxy Clusters at 0.2<z<1.5 Observed with XMM-Newton
• Discovery of a Rich Cluster at z = 1.63 using the Rest-Frame 1.6um "Stellar Bump Sequence" Method
• The influence of the environmental history on quenching star formation in a $\Lambda$CDM universe
• Redshifts, Sample Purity, and BCG Positions for the Galaxy Cluster Catalog from the first 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey
• Baryon Content in a Sample of 91 Galaxy Clusters Selected by the South Pole Telescope at 0.2 < z < 1.25
• The Angular Clustering of Distant Galaxy Clusters
• Radio Sources in Galaxy Clusters: Radial Distribution, and 1.4 GHz and K-band Bivariate Luminosity Function
• JKCS041: a Coma cluster progenitor at z=1.803
• Star Formation and AGN Activity in Galaxy Clusters from $z=1-2$: a Multi-wavelength Analysis Featuring $Herschel$/PACS
• zCOSMOS 20k: Satellite galaxies are the main drivers of environmental effects in the galaxy population at least to z~0.7
• Cluster galaxies in XMMU J2235-2557: galaxy population properties in most massive environments at z~1.4
• JKCS041: a colour-detected galaxy cluster at z_phot=1.9 with deep potential well as confirmed by X-ray data
• The evolution of early and late type galaxies in the COSMOS up to z~1.2
• T-PHOT version 2.0: improved algorithms for background subtraction, local convolution, kernel registration, and new options
• Evidence for strong evolution in galaxy environmental quenching efficiency between z = 1.6 and z = 0.9
• High star formation activity in the central region of a distant cluster at z=1.46
• The Galaxy Cluster Mid-Infrared Luminosity Function at 1.3<z<3.2
• The reversal of the SF-density relation in a massive, X-ray selected galaxy cluster at z=1.58: results from Herschel
• A mature galaxy cluster at z=1.58 around the radio galaxy 7C1753+6311
• Evolution of the K-band Galaxy Cluster Luminosity Function and Scaling Relations
• SZE Observables, Pressure Profiles and Center Offsets in Magneticum Simulation Galaxy Clusters
• SPT-CL J0205-5829: A z = 1.32 Evolved Massive Galaxy Cluster in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Survey
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: Ultraluminous star-forming galaxies in a z=1.6 cluster
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Measurement of a Massive IR-selected Cluster at z=1.75
• Active and passive galaxies at z~2: Rest-frame optical morphologies with WFC3
• Properties of star-forming galaxies in a cluster and its surrounding structure at z=1.46
• The rest-frame $K$-band luminosity function of galaxies in clusters to $z=1.3$
• The near-infrared luminosity function of cluster galaxies beyond redshift one
• On the formation time scale of massive cluster ellipticals based on deep near-IR spectroscopy at z~2
• SPT-CLJ2040-4451: An SZ-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.478 With Significant Ongoing Star Formation
• Galaxy Populations in Massive Galaxy Clusters to z=1.1: Color Distribution, Concentration, Halo Occupation Number and Red Sequence Fraction
• Efficient satellite quenching at z~1 from the GEEC2 spectroscopic survey of galaxy groups
• Witnessing the assembly at z=1.6 of a galaxy cluster (GMASS ultradeep spectroscopy of galaxies at z~2 - V)
• Chandra deep observation of XDCP J0044.0-2033, a massive galaxy cluster at z>1.5
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) I: The fundamental plane and the formation ages of cluster galaxies at redshift $1.4<z<1.6$
• The buildup of stellar mass and the 3.6 micron luminosity function in clusters from z=1.25 to z=0.2
• The red sequence at birth in the galaxy cluster ClJ1449+0856 at z=2
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: The Most Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z>1.5$
• Red sequence determination of the redshift of the cluster of galaxies JKCS041: z~2.2
• An X-ray Selected Galaxy Cluster in the Lockman Hole at Redshift 1.753
• The High-Redshift Clusters Occupied by Bent Radio AGN (COBRA) Survey: The \spitzer Catalog
• Observational evidence that massive cluster galaxies were forming stars at z~2.5 and did not grow in mass at later times
• The Evolution of Star Formation Activity in Cluster Galaxies Over $0.15<z<1.5$
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Five Galaxy Clusters at z > 1.25 in the 2500 sq. deg. SPT-SZ Survey
• Determining the Halo Mass Scale where Galaxies Lose Their Gas
• High Frequency Cluster Radio Galaxies: Luminosity Functions and Implications for SZE Selected Cluster Samples
• The KMOS Cluster Survey (KCS) III: fundamental plane of cluster galaxies at $z\simeq 1.80$ in JKCS 041
• The impact of protocluster environments at z = 1.6

Cited by in corpus (21)

• The GOGREEN survey: The environmental dependence of the star-forming galaxy main sequence at $1.0<z<1.5$
• Persistence of the Color-Density Relation and Efficient Environmental Quenching to $z\sim 1.4$
• On the Gas Content, Star Formation Efficiency, and Environmental Quenching of Massive Galaxies in Proto-Clusters at z~2.0-2.5
• Spectroscopic observations of PHz G237.01+42.50: A galaxy protocluster at z=2.16 in the Cosmos field
• A joint SZ-Xray-optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters
• The Dependence of AGN Activity on Environment in SDSS
• Establishing a New Technique for Discovering Large-Scale Structure Using the ORELSE Survey
• The WaZP galaxy cluster sample of the Dark Energy Survey Year 1
• Mass Calibration of the CODEX Cluster Sample using SPIDERS Spectroscopy -- I. The Richness-Mass Relation
• Evolution of star formation rate-density relation over cosmic time in a simulated universe: the observed reversal reproduced
• Rise and fall of post-starburst galaxies in Magneticum Pathfinder
• DETECTIFz galaxy groups in the REFINE survey -- 1. Group detection and quenched fraction evolution at $z<2.5$
• Quiescent galaxies in a virialized cluster at redshift 2: Evidence for accelerated size-growth
• Deep XMM-Newton Observations of the Most Distant SPT-SZ Galaxy Cluster
• Sunyaev-Zel'dovich detection of the galaxy cluster Cl J1449+0856 at z = 1.99: the pressure profile in uv space
• Protocluster detection in simulations of HSC-SSP and the 10-year LSST forecast, using PCcones
• DeepSZ: Identification of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Galaxy Clusters using Deep Learning
• The HST See Change Program: I. Survey Design, Pipeline, and Supernova Discoveries
• The H$\alpha$ star formation main sequence in cluster and field galaxies at $z\sim 1.6$
• The XXL survey: XLII. Detection and characterization of the galaxy population of distant galaxy clusters in the XXL-N/VIDEO field: A tale of variety
• Searching for the shadows of giants II: the effect of local ionisation on the Lyman-$\alpha$ absorption signatures of protoclusters at redshift $z\sim 2.4$