Chandra deep observation of XDCP J0044.0-2033, a massive galaxy cluster at z>1.5

Abstract

We report the analysis of the Chandra observation of XDCP J0044.0-2033, a massive, distant (z=1.579) galaxy cluster discovered in the XDCP survey. The total exposure time of 380 ks with Chandra ACIS-S provides the deepest X-ray observation currently achieved on a massive, high redshift cluster. Extended emission from the Intra Cluster Medium (ICM) is detected at a very high significance level (S/N~20) on a circular region with a 44" radius, corresponding to $R_{ext}=375$ kpc at the cluster redshift. We perform an X-ray spectral fit of the ICM emission modeling the spectrum with a single-temperature thermal mekal model. Our analysis provides a global temperature $kT=6.7_{-0.9}^{+1.3}$ keV, and a iron abundance $Z_{Fe}=0.41_{-0.26}^{+0.29}{Z}_{F{e}_{\odot }}$ (error bars correspond to 1 $\sigma$). We fit the background-subtracted surface brightness profile with a single $\beta$-model out to 44", finding a rather flat profile with no hints of a cool core. We derive the deprojected electron density profile and compute the ICM mass within the extraction radius $R_{ext}=375$ kpc to be $M_{ICM}(r<R_{ext})=(1.48\pm 0.20)\times 10^{13}{M}_{\odot }$. Under the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium and assuming isothermality within $R_{ext}$, the total mass is $M_{2500}=1.23_{-0.27}^{+0.46}\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$ for $R_{2500}=240_{-20}^{+30}$ kpc. Extrapolating the profile at radii larger than the extraction radius $R_{ext}$ we find $M_{500}=3.2_{-0.6}^{+0.9}\times 10^{14}{M}_{\odot }$ for $R_{500}=562_{-37}^{+50}$ kpc. This analysis establishes the existence of virialized, massive galaxy clusters at redshift $z\sim 1.6$, paving the way to the investigation of the progenitors of the most massive clusters today. Given its mass and the XDCP survey volume, XDCP J0044.0-2033 does not create significant tension with the WMAP-7 $\Lambda$CDM cosmology.

arXiv comment42 pages, 12 Figures, ApJ in press

References in corpus (89)

• Seven-Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Observations: Cosmological Interpretation
• The Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
• The Leiden/Argentine/Bonn (LAB) Survey of Galactic HI: Final data release of the combined LDS and IAR surveys with improved stray-radiation corrections
• Toward a halo mass function for precision cosmology: the limits of universality
• Chandra Cluster Cosmology Project III: Cosmological Parameter Constraints
• Dark matter halo concentrations in the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe year 5 cosmology
• The redshift dependence of the structure of massive LCDM halos
• A New Robust Low-Scatter X-ray Mass Indicator for Clusters of Galaxies
• The Evolution of X-ray Clusters of Galaxies
• eROSITA Science Book: Mapping the Structure of the Energetic Universe
• The Hot and Energetic Universe: A White Paper presenting the science theme motivating the Athena+ mission
• X-ray properties of galaxy clusters and groups from a cosmological hydrodynamical simulation
• The XMM-Newton wide-field survey in the COSMOS field: VI. Statistical properties of clusters of galaxies
• On the Accuracy of Weak Lensing Cluster Mass Reconstructions
• Images, structural properties and metal abundances of galaxy clusters observed with Chandra ACIS-I at 0.1<z<1.3
• A dynamical model for the distribution of dark matter and gas in galaxy clusters
• Weighing the Giants - I. Weak-lensing masses for 51 massive galaxy clusters: project overview, data analysis methods and cluster images
• A Spitzer-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.62
• Joint Analysis of Cluster Observations: II. Chandra/XMM-Newton X-ray and Weak Lensing Scaling Relations for a Sample of 50 Rich Clusters of Galaxies
• Discovery of an X-ray-Luminous Galaxy Cluster at z=1.4
• Lensing and X-ray mass estimates of clusters (SIMULATION)
• Searching for Cool Core Clusters at High redshift
• Planck Early Results XI: Calibration of the local galaxy cluster Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations
• A mature cluster with X-ray emission at z=2.07
• Comparison of weak lensing masses and X-ray properties of galaxy clusters
• The XMM Cluster Survey: A Massive Galaxy Cluster at z=1.45
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: ACT-CL J0102-4915 "El Gordo," a Massive Merging Cluster at Redshift 0.87
• The impact of galaxy formation on the total mass, mass profile and abundance of haloes
• X-ray Properties of the First SZE-selected Galaxy Cluster Sample from the South Pole Telescope
• IDCS J1426+3508: Discovery of a Massive, IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.75
• Tracing the evolution in the iron content of the ICM
• Radial metallicity profiles for a large sample of galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton
• Multi-wavelength study of XMMU J2235.3-2557: the most massive galaxy cluster at z > 1
• Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of RDCS1252.9-2927, A Massive Cluster at z=1.24
• CLASH-X: A Comparison of Lensing and X-ray Techniques for Measuring the Mass Profiles of Galaxy Clusters
• Discovery and Cosmological Implications of SPT-CL J2106-5844, the Most Massive Known Cluster at z > 1
• Simultaneous Falsification of LCDM and Quintessence with Massive, Distant Clusters
• Scaling Relations and Overabundance of Massive Clusters at z>~1 from Weak-Lensing Studies with HST
• Observational constraints on the redshift evolution of X-ray scaling relations of galaxy clusters out to z ~ 1.5
• Hubble Space Telescope Weak-lensing Study of the Galaxy Cluster XMMU J2235.3-2557 at z=1.4: A Surprisingly Massive Galaxy Cluster when the Universe is One-third of its Current Age
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dynamical Masses and Scaling Relations for a Sample of Massive Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Selected Galaxy Clusters
• The effect of AGN feedback on the halo mass function
• X-ray mass proxies from hydrodynamic simulations of galaxy clusters (paper I)
• Weighing "El Gordo" with a Precision Scale: Hubble Space Telescope Weak-lensing Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster ACT-CL J0102-4915 at z=0.87
• A Comparison of X-ray and Strong Lensing Properties of Simulated X-ray Clusters
• JKCS041: a colour-detected galaxy cluster at z_phot=1.9 with deep potential well as confirmed by X-ray data
• The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster population at 0.9<z<~1.6 as revealed by the XMM-Newton Distant Cluster Project
• The Intracluster Medium in z > 1 Galaxy Clusters
• Planck intermediate results. III. The relation between galaxy cluster mass and Sunyaev-Zeldovich signal
• The X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XMMU J1007.4+1237 at z=1.56 - The dawn of starburst activity in cluster cores
• Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three Red-Sequence Selected Galaxy Clusters at z=0.87, 1.16 and 1.21 from the SpARCS Survey
• The reversal of the SF-density relation in a massive, X-ray selected galaxy cluster at z=1.58: results from Herschel
• IDCS J1433.2+3306: An IR-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.89
• The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys: II- Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive
• Discovery of a massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster at z=1.579
• The XMM-LSS catalogue: X-ray sources and associated optical data. Version I
• An X-ray Selected Galaxy Cluster at z=1.11 in the Rosat Deep Cluster Survey
• SPT-CL J0205-5829: A z = 1.32 Evolved Massive Galaxy Cluster in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Survey
• On the Self-Similar Appearance of Galaxy Clusters in X-rays
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Measurement of a Massive IR-selected Cluster at z=1.75
• X-Ray Emission from Two Infrared-Selected Galaxy Clusters at z>1.4 in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey
• High-z massive clusters as a test for dynamical coupled dark energy
• The potential of X-ray cluster surveys to constrain primordial non-Gaussianity
• The latitude dependence of the rotation measures of NVSS sources
• ChaMP Serendipitous Galaxy Cluster Survey
• SPT-CLJ2040-4451: An SZ-Selected Galaxy Cluster at z = 1.478 With Significant Ongoing Star Formation
• An XMM-Newton spatially-resolved study of metal abundance evolution in distant galaxy clusters
• Implications for Primordial Non-Gaussianity (f_NL) from weak lensing masses of high-z galaxy clusters
• The 400d Galaxy Cluster Survey weak lensing programme: III: Evidence for consistent WL and X-ray masses at $z\approx 0.5$
• Testing Cosmology with Extreme Galaxy Clusters
• The outer regions of galaxy clusters: Chandra constraints on the X-ray surface brightness
• Galaxy population properties of the massive X-ray luminous galaxy cluster XDCP J0044.0-2033 at z=1.58: red-sequence formation, massive galaxy assembly, and central star formation activity
• A Chandra view of the z=1.62 galaxy cluster IRC-0218A
• Deep Chandra observation of the galaxy cluster WARPJ1415.1+3612 at z=1: an evolved cool-core cluster at high-redshift
• Multi-wavelength observations of a rich galaxy cluster at z ~ 1: the HST/ACS colour-magnitude diagram
• Primordial Non-Gaussianity and Extreme-Value Statistics of Galaxy Clusters
• Measuring redshift through X-ray spectroscopy of galaxy clusters: results from Chandra data and future prospects
• Quantifying the rareness of extreme galaxy clusters
• Redshift Evolution in the Iron Abundance of the Intracluster Medium
• Athena (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) Assessment Study Report for ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
• On the Fe abundance peak formation in cool-core clusters of galaxies: hints from cluster WARPJ1415.1+3612 at z=1.03
• The Swift X-ray Telescope Cluster Survey: data reduction and cluster catalog for the GRB fields
• First simultaneous optical/near-infrared imaging of an X-ray selected, high-redshift cluster of galaxies with GROND: the galaxy population of XMMU J0338.7+0030 at z=1.1
• Kinematic analysis of a sample of X-ray luminous distant galaxy clusters. The $L_X$ - ${\sigma }_v$ relation in the $z>0.6$ universe
• Chandra and optical/IR observations of CXOJ1415.2+3610, a massive, newly discovered galaxy cluster at z~1.5
• Discovery of the X-ray selected galaxy cluster XMMU J0338.8+0021 at z = 1.49 - Indications for a young system with a forming brightest galaxy
• ICM properties and AGN distribution in high-z RCS clusters
• On the modelling of the excesses of galaxy clusters over high-mass thresholds
• The Swift X-ray Telescope Cluster Survey II. X-ray spectral analysis

Cited by in corpus (36)

• The Remarkable Similarity of Massive Galaxy Clusters From z~0 to z~1.9
• Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy clusters: X-ray scaling relations and their evolution
• Star Formation and AGN Activity in Galaxy Clusters from $z=1-2$: a Multi-wavelength Analysis Featuring $Herschel$/PACS
• Witnessing the birth of the red sequence: ALMA high-resolution imaging of [CII] and dust in two interacting ultra-red starbursts at z = 4.425
• ALMA Observations of Gas-Rich Galaxies in z~1.6 Galaxy Clusters: Evidence for Higher Gas Fractions in High-Density Environments
• A massive blow for $\Lambda$CDM $-$ the high redshift, mass, and collision velocity of the interacting galaxy cluster El Gordo contradicts concordance cosmology
• A mature galaxy cluster at z=1.58 around the radio galaxy 7C1753+6311
• $HST$ Grism Confirmation of $16$ Structures at $1.4<z<2.8$ from the Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (CARLA) Survey
• The Growth of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light Over the Past Ten Billion Years
• An Extreme Starburst in Close Proximity to the Central Galaxy of a Rich Galaxy Cluster at z=1.7
• Photometric redshifts for galaxies in the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam and unWISE and a catalogue of identified clusters of galaxies
• Resolving galaxy cluster gas properties at z~1 with XMM-Newton and Chandra
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: The Most Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z>1.5$
• HST Grism Confirmation of Two $z\sim 2$ Structures from the Clusters Around Radio-Loud AGN (CARLA) Survey
• Spitzer Planck Herschel Infrared Cluster (SPHerIC) survey: Candidate galaxy clusters at 1.3 < z < 3 selected by high star-formation rate
• The Chemical Evolution of Galaxy Clusters: Dissecting the Iron Mass Budget of the Intracluster Medium
• Ultra-Red Galaxies Signpost Candidate Proto-Clusters at High Redshift
• Evolution of the Thermodynamic Properties of Clusters of Galaxies out to Redshift of 1.8
• The Massive and Distant Clusters of WISE Survey: MOO J1142+1527, A 10${}^{15}$ M${}_{\odot }$ Galaxy Cluster at z=1.19
• Physical properties of Brightest Cluster Galaxies up to redshift 1.80 based on HST data
• Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters - I. Environmental quenching in massive clusters at $1.4\lesssim z\lesssim 1.7$
• Searching for bulk motions in the ICM of massive, merging clusters with Chandra CCD data
• First Weak-lensing Results from "See Change": Quantifying Dark Matter in the Two Z>1.5 High-redshift Galaxy Clusters SPT-CL J2040-4451 and IDCS J1426+3508
• A method to search for bulk motions in the ICM with {\sl Chandra} CCD spectra: application to the Bullet cluster
• The submillimetre view of massive clusters at z~0.8-1.6
• The Three Hundred Project: the evolution of physical baryon profiles
• Spatial Distribution of Metals in the ICM: Evolution of the Iron Excess in Relaxed Galaxy Clusters
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Weak Lensing Analysis of a Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z=1.75$
• Galaxy populations in the most distant SPT-SZ clusters -- II. Galaxy structural properties in massive clusters at 1.4<z<1.7
• Optical inverse-Compton emission from clusters of galaxies
• X-ray cluster cosmology
• Galaxy clusters at z~1 imaged by ALMA with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Resolving the Hot and Ionized Universe through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
• Multiple AGN activity during the BCG assembly of XDCPJ0044.0-2033 at z~1.6
• Mass assembly and AGN activity at $z\gtrsim 1.5$ in the dense environment of XDCPJ0044.0-2033
• The role of AGN activity in the building up of the BCG at z~1.6