IDCS J1426.5+3508: The Most Massive Galaxy Cluster at $z>1.5$

Abstract

We present a deep (100 ks) Chandra observation of IDCS J1426.5+3508, a spectroscopically confirmed, infrared-selected galaxy cluster at $z=1.75$. This cluster is the most massive galaxy cluster currently known at $z>1.5$, based on existing Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) and gravitational lensing detections. We confirm this high mass via a variety of X-ray scaling relations, including $T_X$-M, $f_g$-M, $Y_X$-M and $L_X$-M, finding a tight distribution of masses from these different methods, spanning M${}_{500}$ = 2.3-3.3 $\times 10^{14}$ M${}_{\odot }$, with the low-scatter $Y_X$-based mass $M_{500,Y_X}=2.6_{-0.5}^{+1.5}\times 10^{14}$ M${}_{\odot }$. IDCS J1426.5+3508 is currently the only cluster at $z>1.5$ for which X-ray, SZ and gravitational lensing mass estimates exist, and these are in remarkably good agreement. We find a relatively tight distribution of the gas-to-total mass ratio, employing total masses from all of the aforementioned indicators, with values ranging from $f_{gas,500}$ = 0.087-0.12. We do not detect metals in the intracluster medium (ICM) of this system, placing a 2$\sigma$ upper limit of $Z(r<R_{500})<0.18Z_{\odot }$. This upper limit on the metallicity suggests that this system may still be in the process of enriching its ICM. The cluster has a dense, low-entropy core, offset by $\sim$30 kpc from the X-ray centroid, which makes it one of the few "cool core" clusters discovered at $z>1$, and the first known cool core cluster at $z>1.2$. The offset of this core from the large-scale centroid suggests that this cluster has had a relatively recent ($\lesssim$500 Myr) merger/interaction with another massive system.

Minor changes to match accepted version, results unchanged; ApJ in press

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