Impact of cosmic web on galaxy properties and their correlations: Insights from Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

We use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze a volume-limited sample from the SDSS and explore how cosmic web environments affect the interrelations between various galaxy properties, such as $(u-r)$ colour, stellar mass, specific star formation rate, metallicity, morphology, and $D4000$. Our analysis reveals that the first three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) account for approximately $85\%$ of the data variance. We classify galaxies into different cosmic web environments based on the eigenvalues of the deformation tensor and compare PC1, PC2, PC3 across these environments. PC1 is dominated by colour, sSFR, D4000, and morphology. It displays clear bimodality across all cosmic web environments, with sheets and clusters showing distinct preferences for negative and positive PC1 values, respectively. This variation reflects the strong role of environmental processes in regulating star formation. PC2 and PC3, respectively show positively and negatively skewed unimodal distributions in all environments. PC2 is primarily influenced by metallicity whereas PC3 is dominated by stellar mass. It indicates that metallicity evolves gradually and is less sensitive to environmental extremes. PC3 likely captures residual variation in stellar mass. A Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test confirms that the distributions of PC1, PC2 and PC3 differ significantly across environments, with a confidence level exceeding $99.99\%$. Furthermore, we calculate the normalized mutual information (NMI) between the principal components and individual galaxy properties within different cosmic web environments. A two-tailed t-test reveals that for each relationship and each pair of environments, the null hypothesis is rejected with a confidence level $>99.99\%$. Our analysis confirms that cosmic web environments play a significant role in shaping the correlations between galaxy properties.

arXiv comment30 pages, 10 figures, 10 tables, included results for PC3 and expanded the discussion with new interpretations, Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Computing

References in corpus (123)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• Array Programming with NumPy
• The chemical composition of the Sun
• The physical properties of star forming galaxies in the low redshift universe
• How Do Galaxies Get Their Gas?
• The propagation of uncertainties in stellar population synthesis modeling I: The relevance of uncertain aspects of stellar evolution and the IMF to the derived physical properties of galaxies
• Galaxy Bimodality due to Cold Flows and Shock Heating
• Galaxy Harassment and the Evolution of Clusters of Galaxies
• Gasdynamics and Starbursts in Major Mergers
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• The Environmental Dependence of the Relations between Stellar Mass, Structure, Star Formation and Nuclear Activity in Galaxies
• How Filaments are Woven into the Cosmic Web
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• Virial shocks in galactic haloes?
• Semi-Analytic Modelling of Galaxy Formation: The Local Universe
• Differential Galaxy Evolution in Cluster and Field Galaxies at z=0.3
• Morphological Transformation from Galaxy Harassment
• Morphological quenching of star formation: making early-type galaxies red
• Galaxy Clustering in the Completed SDSS Redshift Survey: The Dependence on Color and Luminosity
• The Broad-band Optical Properties of Galaxies with Redshifts 0.0 < z < 0.2
• The Origin of Star Formation Gradients in Rich Galaxy Clusters
• Galaxy halo masses and satellite fractions from galaxy-galaxy lensing in the SDSS: stellar mass, luminosity, morphology, and environment dependencies
• Galaxy Clustering in Early SDSS Redshift Data
• Galaxy Zoo: the dependence of morphology and colour on environment
• Galaxy Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey I: Star Formation, AGN Fraction, and the Luminosity/Mass-Metallicity Relation
• The Morphology-Density Relation in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The Major and Minor Galaxy Merger Rates at z < 1.5
• A Stellar Mass Threshold for Quenching of Field Galaxies
• Evolution of the cosmic web
• Tracing the cosmic web
• A wide field Hubble Space Telescope study of the cluster CL0024+16 at z=0.4. I: morphological distributions to 5 Mpc radius
• Tidally-Triggered Star Formation in Close Pairs of Galaxies
• Statistical Properties of Bright Galaxies in the SDSS Photometric System
• Feedback in simulations of disc-galaxy major mergers
• The environmental history of group and cluster galaxies in a LambdaCDM Universe
• The overdensities of galaxy environments as a function of luminosity and color
• Observations of the MIssing Baryons in the warm-hot intergalactic medium
• The Evolution of Dark Matter Halo Properties in Clusters, Filaments, Sheets and Voids
• A Dynamical Classification of the Cosmic Web
• Star Formation in Galaxy Mergers with Realistic Models of Stellar Feedback & the Interstellar Medium
• Strangulation in Galaxy Groups
• The Eighteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: Targeting and First Spectra from SDSS-V
• Multiscale Phenomenology of the Cosmic Web
• Galaxy Pairs in the 2dF Survey I. Effects of Interactions in the Field
• Galaxy Zoo: Passive Red Spirals
• The Metallicity Evolution of Interacting Galaxies
• Redshift-Space Distortions and the Real-Space Clustering of Different Galaxy Types
• Galaxy evolution in the metric of the Cosmic Web
• Galaxy spin alignment in filaments and sheets: observational evidence
• On the evolution and environmental dependence of the star formation rate versus stellar mass relation since z~2
• Galaxy Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - II: The Effect of Environment on Interactions
• Minor Galaxy Interactions: Star Formation Rates and Galaxy Properties
• COSMOS2015 photometric redshifts probe the impact of filaments on galaxy properties
• Star Formation in Close Pairs Selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• Starbursts triggered by inter-galactic tides and interstellar compressive turbulence
• Galaxy Pairs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey - III: Evidence of Induced Star Formation from Optical Colours
• Evidence for spin alignment of spiral and elliptical/S0 galaxies in filaments
• The Spine of the Cosmic Web
• Mapping galaxy encounters in numerical simulations: The spatial extent of induced star formation
• A parsec-resolution simulation of the Antennae galaxies: Formation of star clusters during the merger
• Swirling around filaments: are large-scale structure vortices spinning up dark halos?
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): Galaxy segregation inside filaments at $z\simeq 0.7$
• Tidally Triggered Star Formation in Close Pairs of Galaxies: Major and Minor Interactions
• Detecting Effects of Filaments on Galaxy Properties in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III
• Angular momentum-Large-scale structure alignments in LCDM models and the SDSS
• Detection of the effect of cosmological large-scale structure on the orientation of galaxies
• The Cosmic Ballet: spin and shape alignments of haloes in the cosmic web
• Cosmic Web and Star Formation Activity in Galaxies at z~1
• Fossil evidence for spin alignment of SDSS galaxies in filaments
• From voids to filaments: environmental transformations of galaxies in the SDSS
• Galaxy Pairs in the 2dFGRS II. Effects of interactions on star formation in groups and clusters
• The Alignments of the Galaxy Spins with the Real-Space Tidal Field Reconstructed from the Two Mass Redshift Survey
• The dilution peak, metallicity evolution, and dating of galaxy interactions and mergers
• Spatially resolved star formation and fuelling in galaxy interactions
• How is Star Formation Quenched in Massive Galaxies?
• Galaxy Assembly Bias on the Red Sequence
• Isolating Triggered Star Formation
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Stellar mass growth of spiral galaxies in the cosmic web
• Triggered Star Formation in Galaxy Pairs at z=0.08-0.38
• Clusters and Superclusters in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The environmental dependence of the chemical properties of star-forming galaxies
• Properties of gas phases around cosmic filaments at z=0 in the Illustris-TNG simulation
• Disk Growth and Quenching
• An EAGLE view of the missing baryons
• The environmental dependence of galaxy clustering in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• The impact of the connectivity of the cosmic web on the physical properties of galaxies at its nodes
• Evidence for Filamentarity in the Las Campanas Redshift Survey
• Double Starbursts Triggered by Mergers in Hierarchical Clustering Scenarios
• Distinguishing Local and Global Influences on Galaxy Morphology: An HST Comparison of High and Low X-ray Luminosity Clusters
• The merger-starburst connection across cosmic times
• Cosmic web dependence of galaxy clustering and quenching in SDSS
• The Imprint of Cosmic Web Quenching on Central Galaxies
• Detecting Galaxy-Filament Alignments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III
• Beyond halo mass: quenching galaxy mass assembly at the edge of filaments
• The dependence of galaxy group star formation rates and metallicities on large scale environment
• Filament profiles from WISExSCOS galaxies as probes of the impact of environmental effects
• The Luminosity, Colour and Morphology dependence of galaxy filaments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Four
• Extremely Metal-Poor Galaxies: The Environment
• Exploring galaxy colour in different environments of the cosmic web with SDSS
• The role of the cosmic web in the scatter of the galaxy stellar mass - gas metallicity relation
• Are Cosmological Gas Accretion Streams Multiphase and Turbulent?
• Impact of filaments on galaxy formation in their residing dark matter haloes
• The ALMaQUEST Survey X: What powers merger induced star formation?
• How much a galaxy knows about its large-scale environment?: An information theoretic perspective
• Investigating the Effect of Galaxy Interactions on Star Formation at 0.5<z<3.0
• The boundary of cosmic filaments
• Multi-stream portrait of the Cosmic web
• Cosmic filaments delay quenching inside clusters
• Study of galaxies on large-scale filaments in simulations
• Surrogate modelling the Baryonic Universe I: The colour of star formation
• Brightest group galaxies and the large-scale environment
• Exploring star formation using the filaments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Five (SDSS DR5)
• SDSS DR7 superclusters. Principal component analysis
• Death at watersheds: galaxy quenching in low-density environments
• The size of the longest filament in the Luminous Red Galaxy distribution
• The luminosity bias relation from filaments in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Four
• Galaxy interactions in filaments and sheets: effects of the large-scale structures versus the local density
• A New Perspective on the Large-Scale Tidal Effect on the Galaxy Luminosity and Morphology
• Do minor interactions trigger star formation in galaxy pairs?
• The correlations between galaxy properties in different environments of the cosmic web
• The maximum extent of the filaments and sheets in the cosmic web: an analysis of the SDSS DR17
• Red riding on hood: Exploring how galaxy colour depends on environment
• The roles of environment and interactions on the evolution of red and blue galaxies in the EAGLE simulation

Cited by in corpus (1)

• Tracing correlations between galaxy properties across the Cosmic Web: An IllustrisTNG-based study