Cobaya: Code for Bayesian Analysis of hierarchical physical models

Abstract

We present Cobaya, a general-purpose Bayesian analysis code aimed at models with complex internal interdependencies. Without the need for specific code by the user, interdependencies between different stages of a model pipeline are exploited for sampling efficiency: intermediate results are automatically cached, and parameters are grouped in blocks according to their dependencies and optimally sorted, taking into account their individual computational costs, so as to minimize the cost of their variation during sampling, thanks to a novel algorithm. Cobaya allows exploration of posteriors using a range of Monte Carlo samplers, and also has functions for maximization and importance-reweighting of Monte Carlo samples with new priors and likelihoods. Cobaya is written in Python in a modular way that allows for extendability, use of calculations provided by external packages, and dynamical reparameterization without modifying its source. It can exploit hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallelization, and has sub-millisecond overhead per posterior evaluation. Though Cobaya is a general purpose statistical framework, it includes interfaces to a set of cosmological Boltzmann codes and likelihoods (the latter being agnostic with respect to the choice of the former), and automatic installers for external dependencies.

arXiv comment12 pages, 4 figures. Significant additions. Closely matches published version

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• Testing the Anton-Schmidt dark energy model with the DESI DR2 measurements
• The Parameter-Level Performance of Covariance Matrix Conditioning in Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analyses
• Sector-Resolved Bayesian Model Averaging for DESI-Era Cosmology
• Testing string theory with combined cosmological probes: a case study for dark matter gravitons
• Neural Network Acceleration of Large-scale Structure Theory Calculations
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• Built-in precision: Improving cluster cosmology through the self-calibration of a galaxy cluster sample
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using model-independent approach
• Beyond thermal approximations: Precise cosmological bounds on Axion-Like Particles
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Finite inflation in curved space
• Cosmological constraints on viable $f(R)$ models using weak lensing
• Clustering analysis of medium-band selected high-redshift galaxies
• Mitigating point-source contamination in CMB polarization: a Generalized Point Spread Function fitting approach
• Running the small-correlated-against-large estimator at scale: Applications of small-scale CMB lensing estimators on realistic simulations
• Doubly Logarithmic Corrections to Radiation Domination from CET Ω: Theory and Planck/BBN Constraints
• Running Einstein Constant and a Possible Vacuum State of the Universe
• Non-Gaussianity in D3-brane inflation
• Superhorizon isocurvature fluctuations relax tensions
• The Glow of Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter: (IV) CMB Spectral and Anisotropy Signatures
• Cosmological and lunar laser ranging constraints on evolving dark energy in a nonminimally coupled curvature-matter gravity model
• Insights for Early Dark Energy with Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A demonstration of CMB lensing measurement from daytime data
• Accelerating reionization constraints: An ANN-emulator framework for the SCRIPT Semi-numerical Model
• Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
• Background dynamics and observational constraints of flat and non-flat $\Lambda (t)$CDM models from $H(z)$ and DESI DR2 BAO measurements
• Implications of a high growth index on the variation of $G$
• Dark Matter Recoupling
• Revisiting observational constraints on coupled exponential quintessence with energy and momentum transfers: degeneracy with massive neutrinos
• BICEP/Keck XXI: Constraints on Early-Universe Parity Violation from Multipole-Dependent Birefringence
• The BAO scale -- how standard is the standard ruler?
• Viscous matter in modified $f(R)$-gravity: Hubble tension attenuation with DESI and SH0ES data
• Joint Curvature and Growth Rate measurements with Supernova Peculiar Velocities and the CMB
• Revisiting the angular size-redshift cosmological test with milliarcsecond radio structures in active galactic nuclei