Graphene-Based Integrated Photonics For Next-Generation Datacom And Telecom

Abstract

Graphene is an ideal material for optoelectronic applications. Its photonic properties give several advantages and complementarities over Si photonics. For example, graphene enables both electro-absorption and electro-refraction modulation with an electro-optical index change exceeding 10${}^{-3}$. It can be used for optical add-drop multiplexing with voltage control, eliminating the current dissipation used for the thermal detuning of microresonators, and for thermoelectric-based ultrafast optical detectors that generate a voltage without transimpedance amplifiers. Here, we present our vision for grapheme-based integrated photonics. We review graphene-based transceivers and compare them with existing technologies. Strategies for improving power consumption, manufacturability and wafer-scale integration are addressed. We outline a roadmap of the technological requirements to meet the demands of the datacom and telecom markets. We show that graphene based integrated photonics could enable ultrahigh spatial bandwidth density , low power consumption for board connectivity and connectivity between data centres, access networks and metropolitan, core, regional and long-haul optical communications.

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• Hot carriers in graphene -- fundamentals and applications
• High-responsivity graphene photodetectors integrated on silicon microring resonators
• Wafer-scale integration of graphene-based photonic devices
• HBN-encapsulated, graphene-based room-temperature terahertz receivers with high speed and low noise
• Ultrafast intrinsic optical-to-electrical conversion dynamics in graphene photodetector
• Photo Thermal Effect Graphene Detector Featuring 105 Gbit s-1 NRZ and 120 Gbit s-1 PAM4 Direct Detection
• Going beyond copper: wafer-scale synthesis of graphene on sapphire
• High-speed double layer graphene electro-absorption modulator on SOI waveguide
• Ultrafast, Zero-Bias, Graphene Photodetectors with Polymeric Gate Dielectric on Passive Photonic Waveguides
• Photonic spiking neural networks and CMOS-compatible graphene-on-silicon spiking neurons
• Exciton-phonon coupling strength in single-layer MoSe2 at room temperature
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• Scalable High-Mobility Graphene/hBN Heterostructures
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• Universal Transceivers: Opportunities and Future Directions for the Internet of Everything (IoE)
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