Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron stars

Abstract

The theory governing the strong nuclear force, Quantum Chromodynamics, predicts that at sufficiently high energy densities hadronic nuclear matter undergoes a deconfinement transition to a new phase of quarks and gluons. Although this has been observed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, it is currently an open question whether quark matter exists inside neutron stars. By combining astrophysical observations and theoretical ab-initio calculations in a model-independent way, we find that the inferred properties of matter in the cores of neutron stars with mass corresponding to 1.4 solar masses are compatible with nuclear model calculations. However, the matter in the interior of maximally massive, stable neutron stars exhibits characteristics of the deconfined phase, which we interpret as evidence for the presence of quark-matter cores. For the heaviest reliably observed neutron stars with masses of about two solar masses, the presence of quark matter is found to be linked to the behaviour of the speed of sound c_s in strongly interacting matter. If the conformal bound (c_s)^2 < 1/3 is not strongly violated, massive neutron stars are predicted to have sizable quark-matter cores. This finding has important implications for the phenomenology of neutron stars, and affects the dynamics of neutron star mergers with at least one sufficiently massive participant.

arXiv comment34 pages, including 8 pages main text + 10 pages methods; 8 figures. 3 EoS tables included as ancillary files. v2: Substantial changes from v1. Text shortened, with major changes to analysis and structure. Analysis and conclusions made more precise; title changed. Version accepted for publication in Nature Physics

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• The mixed phase quark core in massive hybrid stars
• Imprints of Non-Symmetric Dark Matter Halos on Magnetars: A Two-Fluid Perspective
• On the Cooling of Compact Stars in Light of the HESS J1731-347 Remnant
• How Neutron Star Observations Point Towards Exotic Matter: Existing Explanations and a Prospective Proposal
• Hybrid stars from a constrained equation of state
• Speed of sound peak in two-color dense QCD: confronting effective models with lattice data
• Density dependent speed of sound and its consequences in neutron stars
• Hot Holographic 2-flavor Quark Star
• Momentum expansions in finite-density perturbative calculations
• Effects of a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock-corrected effective mass on speed of sound, conformality, and observables of dark matter-admixed neutron stars
• Interacting quark matter effects on the structure of compact stars
• X-ray pulsed light curves of highly compact neutron stars as probes of scalar-tensor theories of gravity
• The chiral phase transition and equation of state in the chiral imbalance
• Are NICER and GW170817 constraints suggesting a compactified scenario for Neutron stars?
• QCD at high temperature and density: selected highlights
• Gravitational Wave Signals from Finite Size Effects in Spinning Binary Inspirals Including Parity Violating Constituents
• Systematic study of the morphology and length of slow stable hybrid star branches
• General gravitational properties of neutron stars: curvature invariants, binding energy, and trace anomaly
• The sharpness of the quark-hadron transition and the properties of hybrid stars
• Calculation of the transport coefficients in neutron star
• ${\Omega }^{-}$ production as a probe of equation of state of dense matter near the QCD phase transition in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Improving the cold quark-matter pressure via soft interactions at N3LO
• Quantum field theoretical structure of electrical conductivity of cold and dense fermionic matter in the presence of a magnetic field
• Light scalars in neutron star mergers
• Differentiating between sharp and smoother phase transitions in neutron stars
• Tidal Deformability of Quark Stars with Repulsive Interactions
• Non-perturbative Aspects of Quantum Field Theories from Holography
• Equation-of-State Independent Relations in Rapidly Rotating Hybrid Stars
• Dark, deep, deconfining: Phase transitions in neutron stars as powerful probes of hidden sectors
• $f$-mode Oscillations for Hyperons and H-dibaryons in Neutron Stars
• Recurring region for neutron-star observables
• Three-dimensional equation of state extension of quark matter in Fermi-liquid theory
• Influence of dark matter on hybrid and twin stars
• Unified nonparametric equation-of-state inference from the neutron-star crust to perturbative-QCD densities
• Mapping topology of skyrmions and fractional quantum Hall droplets to nuclear EFT for ultra-dense baryonic matter
• Combining simulation-based inference and universal relations for precise and accurate neutron star science
• Astrometric microlensing probes of the isolated neutron star population with Roman
• Asymptotic Freedom and Vacuum Polarization Determine the Astrophysical End State of Relativistic Gravitational Collapse: Quark--Gluon Plasma Star Instead of Black Hole
• Impact of crust-core connection procedures on the tidal deformability of neutron stars
• Isentropic thermodynamics across the hadron-quark mixed phase in a two-phase model with a PNJL quark description
• Two fluid CFL strange quark stars with scalar dark matter: critical mass and mass gap implications
• An Undergraduate Approach to the Quantum Hadrodynamics and the Physics of Neutron Stars Part II: Neutron Stars' Exotic Content
• The maximum mass and rotational kinetic energy of rapidly rotating neutron stars
• Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields on the Hadron-Quark Deconfinement Transition
• Predictions on observing hot holographic quark star with gravitational waves
• Quark Nova with the Producing of Color-Flavor Locked Quark Matter
• Search for gravitational-wave bursts in LIGO data at the Schenberg antenna sensitivity range
• QED Mesons, the QED Neutron, and the Dark Matter
• Magnetized strangelets with anomalous magnetic moment and Coulomb interactions
• Pseudoscalar mesons from a PNJL model at zero temperature
• On the Destabilization of High-Mass Neutron Stars by the Emergence of $d^{\ast }$-Hexaquarks
• NICER view on holographic QCD