Constraining free parameters of a color superconducting non-local Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model using Bayesian analysis of neutron stars mass and radius measurements

Abstract

We provide a systematic study of hybrid neutron star equations of state (EoS) consisting of a relativistic density functional for the hadronic phase and a covariant nonlocal Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (nlNJL) model to describe the color superconducting quark matter phase. Changing the values of the two free parameters, the dimensionless vector and diquark coupling strengths ${\eta }_V$ and ${\eta }_D$ results in a set of EoS with varying stiffness and deconfinement onset. The favorable parameters are obtained from a systematic Bayesian analysis for which the multi-messenger constraint on the neutron star radius at $1.4$M${}_{\odot }$ and the combined mass-radius constraint for PSR J0740+6620 from NICER experiment are used as the constraints. Additionally, the transition from hadronic matter to deconfined quark matter is constrained to occur above nuclear saturation density. Hybrid stars modeled with these favorable parameters are compatible with the NICER results for the radius of the highest known mass neutron star, PSR J0740+6620. Three new observations interesting for neutron star phenomenology are reported: 1) We show that the constant sound speed (CSS) EoS provides an excellent fit to that of the nlNJL model which implies the squared speed of sound at high densities to be about $0.5$ for the optimized parameters; 2) we give a simple functional form for the mapping between the parameter spaces of these two models valid for the whole range of relevant chemical potentials and 3) we observe that the special point property of hybrid EoS based on CSS quark matter generalizes to a set of lines consisting of special points when two EoS parameters are varied instead of one. A lower limit for the maximum mass of hybrid stars as a function of the vector coupling strength is obtained.

arXiv comment18 pages, 14 figures, 2 tables; major revision of v1 with Bayesian analysis, discussion of special points, new text, figures and references added

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• Exploring thermal effects of the hadron-quark matter transition in neutron star mergers
• Hybrid star phenomenology from the properties of the special point
• Detectability of a phase transition in neutron star matter with third-generation gravitational wave interferometers
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• Properties of the Object HESS J1731-347 as a Twin Compact Star
• Baryon and meson masses in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model: A Bayesian approach