Interface modes in inspiralling neutron stars: A gravitational-wave probe of first-order phase transitions
arXiv:2504.06181 · doi:10.1103/8hvq-6dy7
Abstract
At the extreme densities in neutron stars, a phase transition to deconfined quark matter is anticipated. Yet masses, radii and tidal deformabilities offer only indirect measures of a first-order phase transition, requiring many detections to resolve or being ineffective observables if the discontinuity exists at lower densities. We report on a smoking-gun gravitational-wave signature of a first-order transition: the resonant tidal excitation of an interface mode. Using relativistic perturbation theory with an equation-of-state family informed by chiral effective field theory, we show that such a resonance may be detectable with next-generation interferometers and possibly already with LIGO A+ for sufficiently loud events.
7 pages, 2 figures; 7 pages, 3 figures in Supplemental Material. Matches published version
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