The COS-Halos Survey: Physical Conditions and Baryonic Mass in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium

Abstract

We analyze the physical conditions of the cool, photoionized (T $\sim 10^4$ K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) using the COS-Halos suite of gas column density measurements for 44 gaseous halos within 160 kpc of $L\sim L^{\ast }$ galaxies at $z\sim 0.2$. These data are well described by simple photoionization models, with the gas highly ionized (n${}_{\mathrm{HII}}$/n${}_{\mathrm{H}}\gtrsim 99\%$) by the extragalactic ultraviolet background (EUVB). Scaling by estimates for the virial radius, R${}_{\mathrm{vir}}$, we show that the ionization state (tracked by the dimensionless ionization parameter, U) increases with distance from the host galaxy. The ionization parameters imply a decreasing volume density profile n${}_{\mathrm{H}}$ = (10${}^{-4.2\pm 0.25}$)(R/R${}_{\mathrm{vir}}{)}^{-0.8\pm 0.3}$. Our derived gas volume densities are several orders of magnitude lower than predictions from standard two-phase models with a cool medium in pressure equilibrium with a hot, coronal medium expected in virialized halos at this mass scale. Applying the ionization corrections to the HI column densities, we estimate a lower limit to the cool gas mass M${}_{\mathrm{CGM}}^{\mathrm{cool}}>6.5\times 10^{10}$ M${}_{\odot }$ for the volume within R $<$ R${}_{\mathrm{vir}}$. Allowing for an additional warm-hot, OVI-traced phase, the CGM accounts for at least half of the baryons purported to be missing from dark matter halos at the 10${}^{12}$ M${}_{\odot }$ scale.

19 pages, 12 Figures, and a 37-page Appendix with 36 additional figures. Accepted to ApJ June 21 2014

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• An emission map of the disk-circumgalactic medium transition in starburst IRAS 08339+6517
• The Impacts of Modeling Choices on the Inference of the Circumgalactic Medium Properties from Sunyaev-Zeldovich Observations
• Probing the CGM of Low-redshift Dwarf Galaxies Using FIRE Simulations
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of the Lowest-Mass Galaxies: A Case Study of IC 1613
• The Molecular Baryon Cycle of M82
• The Spread of Metals into the Low-Redshift Intergalactic Medium
• Characterising the turbulent multiphase halos with periodic box simulations
• Probing the Dependence of the Intergalactic Medium on Large Scale Environment Using the Low Redshift Lyman Alpha Forest
• Galactic coronae in Milky Way-like galaxies: the role of stellar feedback in gas accretion
• MUSEQuBES: The relation between Ly$\alpha$ emitters and C IV absorbers at $z\approx 3.3$
• The Ultraviolet Detection of Diffuse Gas in Galaxy Groups
• Emission line ratios for the Circumgalactic Medium and the "Bimodal" Nature of Galaxies
• The COS-legacy survey of C IV absorbers: properties and origins of the intervening systems
• The effect of rotation on the thermal instability of stratified galactic atmospheres - I. Local analysis
• Diffuse X-ray emission from star forming galaxies
• A hot gaseous galaxy halo candidate with Mg X absorption
• Cosmological simulations with hydrodynamics of screened scalar-tensor gravity with non-universal coupling
• Directly constraining the spatial coherence of the $z\sim 1$ circumgalactic medium
• The HI Column Density Distribution of the Galactic Disk and Halo
• Discovery of an HI-rich Gas Reservoir in the Outskirts of SZ-effect Selected Clusters
• Finding the UV-Visible Path Forward: Proceedings of the Community Workshop to Plan the Future of UV/Visible Space Astrophysics
• The Mass and Absorption Columns of Galactic Gaseous Halos II -- The High Ionization State Ions
• The magnetised and thermally unstable tails of jellyfish galaxies
• MUSE-ALMA Halos XI: Gas flows in the circumgalactic medium
• The Ionization and Dynamics of the Makani Galactic Wind
• On The Effect of Environment on Line Emission from the Circumgalactic Medium
• Tentative Detection of the Circumgalactic Medium of the Isolated Low-Mass Dwarf Galaxy WLM
• The nature of H{\sc i}-absorption-selected galaxies at $z\approx 4$
• The relationship between gas and galaxies at z<1 using the Q0107 quasar triplet
• Distribution of Cold ($\lesssim 300$K) Atomic Gas in Galaxies: Results from the GBT HI Absorption Survey Probing the Inner Halos ($\rho <20$kpc) of Low-z Galaxies
• Spatially Resolved Gas Flows Around the Milky Way
• Inflow of low-metallicity cool gas in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy
• The CGM-GRB Study. I. Uncovering The CircumGalactic Medium around GRB hosts at redshifts 2-6
• Numerical Simulations of a Shock-Filament Interaction
• Modeling Photoionized Turbulent Material in the Circumgalactic Medium
• The Effect of Cosmic Rays on the Observational Properties of the CGM
• The Anisotropic Circumgalactic Medium of Massive Early-Type Galaxies
• CMB distortion from circumgalactic gas
• A Semi-Analytical Line Transfer (SALT) Model III: Galactic Inflows
• Column Density Profiles of Cold Clouds Driven by Galactic Outflows
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: A serendipitous observation of a potential gas accretion event
• The Physical Nature of Circumgalactic Medium Absorbers in Simba
• Metal content of the circumgalactic medium around star-forming galaxies at z $\sim$ 2.6 as revealed by the VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey
• CGM${}^2$ $+$ CASBaH: The Mass Dependence of H~I Ly$\alpha$-Galaxy Clustering and the Extent of the CGM
• Physical Conditions of Five O VI Absorption Systems Towards PG $1522+101$
• Gas Accretion Traced in Absorption in Galaxy Spectroscopy
• Absorption Line Search Through Three Local Group Dwarf Galaxy Halos
• The Circumgalactic Medium in Massive Halos
• Gas Accretion via Lyman Limit Systems
• The circumgalactic medium in Lyman-alpha: a new constraint on galactic outflow models
• A VLT/FORS2 Narrowband Imaging Search for MgII Emission Around z ~ 0.7 Galaxies
• Detection of a Multiphase Intragroup Medium: Results from the COS-IGrM Survey
• Dynamic equilibrium sets atomic content of galaxies across cosmic time
• Absorption-based Circumgalactic Medium Line Emission Estimates
• The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich tomography II: probing the circumgalactic medium
• Constraints on galactic outflows from the metallicity-stellar mass-SFR relation of EAGLE simulation and SDSS galaxies
• Tracing the 10${}^7$K Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium with UV absorption lines
• Properties of the circumgalactic medium in simulations compared to observations
• Evidence for Late-Time Feedback from the Discovery of Multiphase Gas in a Massive Elliptical at $z=0.4$
• The phase structure of cosmic ray driven outflows in stream fed disc galaxies
• Simulations of Weakly Magnetized Turbulent Mixing Layers
• Probing the circumgalactic baryons through cross-correlations
• An Empirical Determination of the Dependence of the Circumgalactic Mass Cooling Rate and Feedback Mass Loading Factor on Galactic Stellar Mass
• Circumgalactic Medium on the Largest Scales: Detecting X-ray Absorption Lines with Large-Area Microcalorimeters
• Searching for HI around MHONGOOSE Galaxies via Spectral Stacking
• Discovery of extremely low-metallicity circumgalactic gas at $z=0.5$ toward Q0454-220
• The environments and hosts of metal absorption at z>5
• Cold neutral hydrogen gas in galaxies
• Triple-ionised carbon associated with the low-density neutral hydrogen gas at 1.7 < z < 3.3: the integrated N(HI)-N(CIV) relation
• A population of high-velocity absorption-line systems residing in the Local Group
• Probing Large Galaxy Halos at $z\sim 0$ with Automated $\mathrm{Ly}\alpha$-Absorption Matching
• Constraints on circum-galactic media from Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects and X-ray data
• Observing the Effects of Galaxy Interactions on the Circumgalactic Medium
• Interpreting Observations of Absorption Lines in the Circumgalactic Medium with a Turbulent Medium
• Radial X-ray profiles of simulated galaxies: Contributions from hot gas and XRBs
• H_2 molecular gas absorption-selected systems trace CO molecular gas-rich galaxy overdensities
• Distinguishing Between Photoionized and Collisionally Ionized Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Baryonic Post-Processing of N-body Simulations, with Application to Fast Radio Bursts
• Shattering as a source of small grains in the circum-galactic medium
• Bursty star formation feedback and cooling outflows
• Low Mass Group Environments have no Substantial Impact on the Circumgalactic Medium Metallicity
• Spatially Resolved Circumgalactic Medium around a Star-Forming Galaxy Driving a Galactic Outflow at $z\approx 0.8$
• Understanding the Baryon Cycle: Fueling Star Formation via Inflows in Milky Way-like Galaxies
• A public grid of radiative transfer simulations for Lyman-alpha and metal lines in idealised galactic outflows
• How are Lyman $\alpha$ absorbers in the cosmic web related to gas-rich galaxies?
• MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) -- VI. The cool and enriched gas environment of z$\gtrsim$3 Ly$\alpha$ emitters
• Molecular Shattering
• Metal line emission around z<1 galaxies
• The Warm Gas in the MW: the Kinematical Model of C IV and its Connection with Si IV
• A High Signal-to-Noise HST Spectrum Toward J1009+0713: Precise Absorption Measurements in the CGM of Two Galaxies
• Upper Limits on the Mass of Cool Gas in the Circumgalactic Medium of Dwarf Galaxies
• A Global Census of Metals in the Universe
• Galaxy cluster photons alter the ionisation state of the nearby warm-hot intergalactic medium
• Introducing the Descriptive Parametric Model: Gaseous Profiles for Galaxies, Groups, and Clusters
• On the Metallicities and Kinematics of the Circumgalactic Media of Damped Ly$\alpha$ Systems at $z\sim 2.5$
• Kinematics of MgII Absorbers from the Redshift-space Distortion Around Massive Quiescent Galaxies
• Misty, patchy, and turbulent: constraining the cool circumgalactic medium with mCC
• CRexit: how different cosmic ray transport modes affect thermal instability in the circumgalactic medium
• Microphysics of Circumgalactic Turbulence Probed by Fast Radio Bursts and Quasars
• CGM cloud sizes from refractive FRB scattering
• KBSS-InCLOSE I: Design and First Results from the Inner CGM of QSO Line Of Sight Emitting Galaxies at z~2-3
• The COS-Holes Survey: Connecting Galaxy Black Hole Mass with the State of the CGM
• On the Size and Mass of Photo-ionized Clouds in Extended Spiral Galaxy Halos
• Dissecting Cosmological Filaments at High Redshifts: Emergence of Spaghetti-type Flow Inside DM Haloes
• Strong Evidence for Cosmic Ray-Supported $\sim$L${}^{\ast }$ Galaxy Halos via X-ray \& tSZ Constraints
• QSO MUSEUM III: the circumgalactic medium in Ly$\alpha$ emission around 120 $z\sim 3$ quasars covering the SDSS parameter space. Witnessing the instantaneous AGN feedback on halo scales
• Ultra-strong MgII absorbers trace both inflowing and outflowing gas: insights from dual down-the-barrel and quasar sightlines
• An Observationally Driven Multifield Approach for Probing the Circum-Galactic Medium with Convolutional Neural Networks
• Physical conditions and redshift evolution of optically thin C III absorbers: Low-z sample
• CO-CHANGES II: spatially resolved IRAM 30M CO line observations of 23 nearby edge-on spiral galaxies
• MIGHTEE-HI: The star-forming properties of HI selected galaxies
• You Are What You Eat: The Circumgalactic Medium Around BreakBRD Galaxies has Low Mass and Angular Momentum
• On the baryon budget in the X-ray-emitting circumgalactic medium of Milky Way-mass galaxies
• The Circumgalactic Medium from the CAMELS Simulations: Forecasting Constraints on Feedback Processes from Future Sunyaev-Zeldovich Observations
• A Deep Search for a Strong Diffuse Interstellar Band in the Circumgalactic Medium
• Estimating the contribution of foreground halos to the FRB 180924 dispersion measure
• Modelling gas around galaxy pairs and groups using the Q0107 quasar triplet
• The large-scale distribution of ionized metals in IllustrisTNG
• DESI Mg II Absorbers: Extinction Characteristics & Quasar Redshift Accuracy
• H$\alpha$ emission in the outskirts of galaxies at z=0.4
• Identifying Circumgalactic Medium Absorption in QSO Spectra: A Bayesian Approach
• The Hosts of X-ray Absorption Lines Toward AGNs
• MUSE-ALMA Haloes XIII. Molecular gas in $z\sim 0.5$ HI-selected galaxies
• The galactic acceleration scale is imprinted on globular cluster systems of early-type galaxies of most masses and on red and blue globular cluster subpopulations
• A systematic study of AGN feedback in a disk galaxy using MACER II: predictions of X-ray surface brightness profiles and comparison with eROSITA observations
• The CUBES Science Case
• Mainly on the Plane: Observing the Extended, Ionized Disks of Milky Way Analogs in IllustrisTNG
• Constraining the Size of the Circumgalactic Medium Using the Transverse Autocorrelation Function of C IV Absorbers in Paired Quasar Spectra
• Suppression of galactic outflows by cosmological infall and circumgalactic medium
• Constraints on cosmic rays in the Milky Way circumgalactic medium from OVIII observations
• The Thermodynamic and Kinematic Evolution of Circumgalactic Gas around $z=1$ in the IllustrisTNG model
• Implications of low neutron star merger rates for gamma-ray bursts, r-process production and Galactic double neutron stars
• First statistical constraints on galactic scale outflows properties traced by their extended Mg II emission with MUSE
• Probing possible effects of circumgalactic media on the metal content of galaxies through the mass-metallicity relationship
• Gas flows in galaxy mergers: supersonic turbulence in bridges, accretion from the circumgalactic medium, and metallicity dilution
• Intergalactic Medium Tomography with the Sunburst Arc