The effect of rotation on the thermal instability of stratified galactic atmospheres - I. Local analysis

Abstract

Observations show that (i) multiple gas phases can coexist in the atmospheres of galaxies and clusters; (ii) these atmospheres may be significantly rotating in the inner parts, with typical velocities that approach or even exceed the local sound speed. The thermal instability is a natural candidate to explain the formation of cold structures via condensation of a hotter gas phase. Here we systematically study the effect of rotation on the thermal stability of stratified plane-parallel atmospheres, using both analytical arguments and numerical simulations. We find that the formation of cold structures starting from small isobaric perturbations is enhanced in the regions where the rotation of the system is dynamically important (i.e. when the rotational velocity becomes comparable to the sound speed). In particular, the threshold value of the ratio between the cooling and dynamical time $t_{\mathrm{cool}}/t_{\mathrm{dyn}}$ below which condensations can form is increased by a factor up to $\sim 10$ in the presence of significant rotation. We briefly discuss the implications of our results for galaxies and clusters.

Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Animations of all the simulations in the paper can be downloaded at the following url: https://www.ita.uni-heidelberg.de/~mattia/download/therm/paper_I.zip

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• The Thermodynamic and Kinematic Evolution of Circumgalactic Gas around $z=1$ in the IllustrisTNG model