A Universal Critical Density Underlying the Physics of Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface

Abstract

The two-dimensional electron system formed at the interface between the insulating oxides LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 exhibits ferromagnetism, superconductivity, and a wide range of unique magnetotransport properties. A key challenge is to find a unified microscopic mechanism that underlies these emergent phenomena. Here we show that a universal Lifshitz transition between d-orbitals lies at the core of the observed transport phenomena in this system. Our measurements find a critical electronic density at which the transport switches from single to multiple carriers. This density has a universal value, independent of the LaAlO3 thickness and electron mobility. The characteristics of the transition, its universality, and its compatibility with spectroscopic measurements establish it as a transition between d-orbitals of different symmetries. A simple band model, allowing for spin-orbit coupling at the atomic level, connects the observed universal transition to a range of reported magnetotransport properties. Interestingly, we also find that the maximum of the superconducting transition temperature occurs at the same critical transition, indicating a possible connection between the two phenomena. Our observations demonstrate that orbital degeneracies play an important role in the fascinating behavior observed so far in these oxides.

References in corpus (33)

• Magnetic effects at the interface between nonmagnetic oxides
• Why Some Interfaces Cannot be Sharp
• Electric Field Control of the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface Ground State
• Tunable Rashba spin-orbit interaction at oxide interfaces
• Direct imaging of the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
• Coexistence of Magnetic Order and Two-dimensional Superconductivity at LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interfaces
• Unveiling a two-dimensional electron gas with universal subbands at the surface of SrTiO3
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• Origin of charge density at LaAlO3-on-SrTiO3 hetero-interfaces; possibility of intrinsic doping
• Creation and control of a two-dimensional electron liquid at the bare SrTiO3 surface
• Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in two dimensions
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• A Universal Critical Density Underlying the Physics of Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Orbital reconstruction and two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
• Dominant mobility modulation by the electric field effect at the LaAlO_3 / SrTiO_3 interface
• Two-dimensional quantum oscillations of the conductance at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
• Superconductivity and Ferromagnetism in Oxide Interface Structures: Possibility of Finite Momentum Pairing
• Critical thickness for ferromagnetism in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Subband structure of a two-dimensional electron gas formed at the polar surface of the strong spin-orbit perovskite KTaO${}_3$
• Built-in and induced polarization across LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ heterojunctions
• Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations in SrTiO3\LaAlO3 interface
• Magnetism and superconductivity at LAO/STO-interfaces: the role of Ti 3d interface electrons
• Anisotropic magneto-transport effects at SrTiO3\LaAlO3 interfaces
• A Gate-tunable Polarized Phase of Two-Dimensional Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Parallel electron-hole bilayer conductivity from electronic interface reconstruction
• Multiple conducting carriers generated in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Structure and Correlation Effects in Semiconducting SrTiO${}_3$
• Anisotropic magnetoresistance of spin-orbit coupled carriers scattered from polarized magnetic impurities
• Intrinsic spin-orbit coupling in superconducting δ-doped SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Fermi surface and superconductivity in low-density high-mobility δ-doped SrTiO3
• d0 Perovskite-Semiconductor Electronic Structure
• Metal-Insulator Transition of the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 Interface Electron System
• Low-temperature dependence of the thermo-magnetic transport properties of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3 interface

Cited by in corpus (162)

• Roadmap of spin-orbit torques
• Highly efficient and tuneable spin-to-charge conversion through Rashba coupling at oxide interfaces
• Theory of spin-orbit coupling at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces and SrTiO3 surfaces
• A Universal Critical Density Underlying the Physics of Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Physics of SrTiO${}_3$-based heterostructures and nanostructures: a review
• Ferromagnetic exchange, spin-orbit coupling and spiral magnetism at the LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3 interface
• Quasiparticle dynamics and spin-orbital texture of the SrTiO3 two-dimensional electron gas
• Superconductivity in dilute SrTiO${}_3$: a review
• Nanoscale Phenomena in Oxide Heterostructures
• Room-Temperature Electronically-Controlled Ferromagnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• A Gate-tunable Polarized Phase of Two-Dimensional Electrons at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Room Temperature Giant Charge-to-Spin Conversion at SrTiO3/LaAlO3 Oxide Interface
• Topological superconductivity and unconventional pairing in oxide interfaces
• FMR-related phenomena in spintronic devices
• Control of a two-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO3(111) by atomic oxygen
• Quantization of Hall Resistance at the Metallic Interface between an Oxide Insulator and SrTiO${}_3$
• Origin and Transport Signatures of Spin-Orbit Interactions in One- and Two-Dimensional SrTiO${}_3$-Based Heterostructures
• Superconductivity vs bound state formation in a two-band superconductor with small Fermi energy -- applications to Fe-pnictides/chalcogenides and doped SrTiO3
• A high-mobility electronic system at an electrolyte-gated oxide surface
• Giant negative magnetoresistance driven by spin-orbit coupling at the LAO/STO interface
• Two-dimensional superconductivity at the (111)LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Transistor operation and mobility enhancement in top-gated LaAlO_3 / SrTiO_3 heterostructures
• Strong correlations elucidate the electronic structure and phase-diagram of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
• Origin of the Magnetic Spin Hall Effect: Spin Current Vorticity in the Fermi Sea
• Phase separation from electron confinement at oxide interfaces
• Multi-band superconductivity and nanoscale inhomogeneity at oxide interfaces
• Two-band superconductivity in doped SrTiO${}_3$ films and interfaces
• Dual-Gate Modulation of Carrier Density and Disorder in an Oxide Two-Dimensional Electron System
• Gate-tunable band structure of the LaAlO${}_3$-SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Determining the Rashba parameter from the bilinear magnetoresistance response in a two-dimensional electron gas
• Weak-localization and spin-orbit interaction in side-gate field effect devices at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Magnetic and Superconducting Ordering at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interfaces
• Giant tunability of the two-dimensional electron gas at the interface of gamma-Al2O3/SrTiO3
• Large modulation of the Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations by the Rashba interaction at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Spirals and skyrmions in two dimensional oxide heterostructures
• Possible signatures of mixed-parity superconductivity in doped polar SrTiO3 films
• Tunable electron-electron interactions in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures
• Unconventional multi-band superconductivity in bulk SrTiO${}_3$ and LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces
• Ferromagnetism in itinerant two-dimensional t2g systems
• Anisotropic transport at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface explained by microscopic imaging of channel-flow over SrTiO3 domains
• Competition Between Kondo Screening and Magnetism at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface
• New insights into the electron trapping mechanism in LaAlO_3 / SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Quantum longitudinal and Hall transport at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface at low electron densities
• Competition between electron pairing and phase coherence in superconducting interfaces
• Phase diagrams of voltage-gated oxide interfaces with strong Rashba coupling
• Unconventional dc transport in Rashba electron gases
• Electron-phonon Coupling and the Superconducting Phase Diagram of the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 Interface
• Route to Topological Superconductivity via Magnetic Field Rotation
• Gate Tunable In- and Out-Of-Plane Spin-Orbit Coupling and Spin Splitting Anisotropy at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (110) Interface
• Superconductivity with Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling and Magnetic Field
• Inter-orbital topological superconductivity in spin-orbit coupled superconductors with inversion symmetry breaking
• Absence of Giant Spin Splitting in the Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid at the Surface of SrTiO${}_3$ (001)
• Magnetic and electronic properties at the gamma-Al2O3/SrTiO3 interface
• The Orbitally Selective Mott Phase in Electron Doped Twisted TMDs: A Possible Realization of the Kondo Lattice Model
• Tuning up or down the critical thickness in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 through in situ deposition of metal overlayers
• Magneto-transport study of top- and back-gated LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ heterostructures
• Multi-Orbital Superconductivity in SrTiO3 /LaAlO3 Interface and SrTiO3 Surface
• Mechanism, time-reversal symmetry and topology of superconductivity in noncentrosymmetric systems
• Modulation of the superconducting critical temperature due to quantum confinement at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Band inversion driven by electronic correlations at the (111) LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Electron degeneracy and intrinsic magnetic properties of epitaxial Nb:SrTiO${}_3$ thin-films controlled by defects
• Anomalous Transport in Sketched Nanostructures at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Interface
• Superconducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Nanowires
• Gate-tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling and spin polarization at diluted oxide interfaces
• Evolution of topological superconductivity by orbital selective confinement in oxide nanowires
• Spin-Orbit Coupling in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces: Magnetism and Orbital Ordering
• Pair breaking in multi-orbital superconductors: an application to oxide interfaces
• Band-Order Anomaly at the γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 Interface Drives the Electron-Mobility Boost
• Correlated Non-Gaussian phase fluctuations in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ heterointerface
• Anisotropic, multi-carrier transport at the (111) LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Tuning Rashba spin-orbit coupling at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces by band filling
• Symmetry and correlation effects on band structure explain the anomalous transport properties of (111) LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$
• Enhanced spin-orbit coupling and charge carrier density suppression in LaAl1-xCrxO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces
• Weak Localization, Spin Relaxation, and Spin-Diffusion: The Crossover Between Weak and Strong Rashba Coupling Limits
• Anomalous response to gate voltage application in mesoscopic LaAlO_3/SrTiO_3 devices
• Inhomogeneous multi-carrier superconductivity at LaXO3/SrTiO3 (X=Al or Ti) oxide interfaces
• Multi-band theory of superconductivity at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Negative electronic compressibility and nanoscale inhomogeneity in ionic-liquid gated two-dimensional superconductors
• Thermally activated recovery of electrical conductivity in LaAlO3/SrTiO3
• Gate-tunable hallmarks of unconventional superconductivity in non-centrosymmetric nanowires
• Formation and observation of a quasi-two-dimensional $d_{xy}$ electron liquid in epitaxially stabilized Sr${}_{2-x}$La${}_x$TiO${}_4$ thin films
• A two-dimensional electron gas based on a 5s oxide with high room-temperature mobility and strain sensitivity
• Two-dimensional electron systems in ATiO3 perovskites (A = Ca, Ba, Sr): control of orbital hybridization and order
• Hallmarks of non-trivial topology in Josephson junctions based on oxide nanochannels
• Correlation between Superconductivity, Band Filling and Electron Confinement at the LaAlO${}_3$-SrTiO${}_3$ Interface
• Semiclassical theory of anisotropic transport at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces under in-plane magnetic field
• Signature of enhanced spin-orbit interaction in the magnetoresistance of LaTiO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces on $\delta$-doping
• Superconducting dome in the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces as a direct effect of the extended s-wave symmetry of the gap
• Multiband Quantum Criticality of Polar Metals
• The mechanism of spin-orbit coupling in a 2D oxide interface
• Anomalous Josephson Coupling and High-Harmonics in Non-Centrosymmetric Superconductors with $S$-wave Spin-Triplet Pairing
• Theoretical models of Rashba spin splitting in asymmetric SrTiO3-based heterostructures
• Anisotropic electronic transport of the two-dimensional electron system in Al2O3/SrTiO3 heterostructures
• Probing Topological Superconductivity of oxide nanojunctions using fractional Shapiro steps
• Non-universal current flow near the metal-insulator transition in an oxide interface
• Van Hove scenario of anisotropic transport in a two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled electron gas in an in-plane magnetic field
• Experimental Evidence of t2g Electron-Gas Rashba Interaction Induced by Asymmetric Orbital Hybridization
• Tunable Rashba spin-orbit coupling and its interplay with multiorbital effect and magnetic ordering at oxide interfaces
• Bimodal Phase Diagram of the Superfluid Density in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 Revealed by an Interfacial Waveguide Resonator
• Gate-tunable superconductivity at SrTiO3 surface realized by Al layer evaporation
• Interplay between singlet and triplet pairings in multi-band two-dimensional oxide superconductors
• Quantized critical supercurrent in SrTiO${}_3$-based quantum point contacts
• Influence of the ferroelectric quantum critical point on SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces
• Quasiparticle Mass Enhancement and Fermi Surface Shape Modification in Oxide Two-Dimensional Electron Gases
• Long-range electronic reconstruction to a $d_{xz,yz}$-dominated Fermi surface below the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Controlling the electronic interface properties of AlO${}_x$/SrTiO${}_3$ heterostructures
• Hydrostatic pressure response of an oxide two-dimensional electron system
• Superconducting dome with $extended$ $s$-$wave$ pairing symmetry in the heavily hole-overdoped copper-oxide planes
• Impact of disorder on the superconducting transition temperature near a Lifshitz transition
• Tuning the superconducting transition of SrTiO${}_3$-based 2DEGs with light
• Universal Conductance Fluctuations in Electrolyte-Gated SrTiO3 Nanostructures
• Temperature-Dependent Band Structure of SrTiO${}_3$ Interfaces
• Anomalous transport near the Lifshitz transition at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Observation of transient superconductivity at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Spin-orbital polarization of Majorana edge states in oxides nanowires
• Effect of multiband transport on charge carrier density fluctuations at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Orbital and spin order in oxide two-dimensional electron gases
• Simple mechanism that breaks the Hall effect linearity at low temperatures
• Enhancement of electron mobility at oxide interfaces induced by WO3 overlayers
• Possible Flexoelectric Origin of the Lifshitz Transition in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interfaces
• Kondo effect with tunable spin orbit interaction in LaTiO3/CeTiO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure
• Electron Pairing and Nematicity in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Nanostructures
• Current-induced spin polarization in isotropic k-cubed Rashba model: Theoretical study for p-doped semiconductor heterostructures and perovskite oxides interfaces
• Interplay between the extended s-wave symmetry of the gap and the spin-orbit coupling in the low-electron concentration regime of quasi-two-dimensional superconductors
• Irreversible multi-band effects and Lifshitz transitions at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface under field effect
• Electric dipole spin resonance in single and two electron quantum dot defined in two-dimensional electron gas at the SrTiO${}_3$/LaAlO${}_3$ interface
• Electrostatic tuning of magnetism at the conducting (111) (La${}_{0.3}$Sr${}_{0.7}$)(Al${}_{0.65}$Ta${}_{0.35}$)/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Spin-orbit-assisted electron pairing in 1D waveguides
• Structural and electronic phenomena at oxyfluoride KTaO${}_3$/K$M$F${}_3$ ($M$ = Zn and Ni) superlattices: Rashba splitting and 2DEG
• Correlation-Induced Band Competition in SrTiO3/LaAlO3
• The Vortex Signature of Discrete Ferromagnetic Dipoles at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface
• Enhanced Non-linear Response by Manipulating the Dirac Point in the (111) LaTiO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ Interface
• Spin-orbit controlled quantum capacitance of a polar heterostructure
• Depth resolved chemical speciation of a superlattice structure
• Inhomogeneous superconductivity and quasilinear magnetoresistance at amorphous LaTiO3/SrTiO3 interfaces
• A Laser-ARPES View of the 2D Electron Systems at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 and Al/SrTiO3 Interfaces
• Low temperature magnetoresistance of (111) (La${}_{0.3}$Sr${}_{0.7}$)(Al${}_{0.65}$Ta${}_{0.35}$)/SrTiO${}_3$
• Electrical permittivity driven metal-insulator transition in heterostructures of nonpolar Mott- and band insulators
• Multi-orbital Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov State in SrTiO_3 Heterostructures
• Evolution of domain structure with electron doping in ferroelectric thin films
• Quantum oscillations in an optically-illuminated two-dimensional electron system at the LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Modulation induced transport signatures in correlated electron waveguides
• Anti-Localization in Oxides: Effective Spin-3/2 Model
• Anisotropic electronic transport and Rashba effect of the two-dimensional electron system in (110) SrTiO${}_3$-based heterostructures
• Superconducting dome in doped 2D superconductors with broken inversion symmetry
• Semiclassical spin transport in LaO/STO system in the presence of multiple Rashba spin orbit couplings
• Modified transverse Ising model for the dielectric properties of SrTiO${}_3$ films and interfaces
• Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the vortex dynamics in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces near the superconducting transition
• Strong spin-orbit coupling and magnetism in (111) (La${}_{0.3}$Sr${}_{0.7}$)(Al${}_{0.65}$Ta${}_{0.35})$/SrTiO${}_3$
• Understanding the onset of negative electronic compressibility in one- and two-band 2D electron gases: Application to LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$
• Fluctuations superconductivity and giant negative magnetoresistance in a gate voltage tuned 2D electron liquid with strong spin-orbit impurity scattering
• Formation of a conducting LaAlO${}_3$ / SrTiO${}_3$ interface studied by low energy electron reflection during growth
• Intersubband pairing induced Fulde-Ferrell phase in metallic nanofilms
• Density driven fluctuations in a two-dimensional superconductor
• Spin-Hall Current and Nonlocal Transport in Ferromagnet-Free Multi-band models for SrTiO3-Based Nanodevices in the presence of impurities
• Constructing oxide interfaces and heterostructures by atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular beam epitaxy
• Magnetism and nonlinear charge transport in NiFe2O4/γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 heterostructure: Toward Spintronic Applications
• Ferromagnetic Two-dimensional Electron Gases with Magnetic Doping and Proximity Effects
• Particle-hole spectral asymmetry at the edge of multiorbital noncentrosymmetric superconductors
• Density-tuned isotherms and dynamic change at phase transition in a gate-controlled superconducting system
• Electrostatic gate-controlled quantum interference in a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas at the (La${}_{0.3}$Sr${}_{0.7}$)(Al${}_{0.65}$Ta${}_{0.35}$)O${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interface
• Spontaneous nonreciprocal transport in a gate-tunable ferromagnetic Rashba 2-dimensional electron gas